Maapulo amenewa ndi ofunika kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Zakudya zokoma za vanila zonunkhira, zonunkhira komanso zosalala, zonyezimira bwino zimasiyanitsa Jonathan pakati pa mitundu ina.
Amapangidwa m'mabuku akuluakulu, omwe amachititsa kuti nthawi zambiri azipita kumasalefu athu.
Amapanga ambiri amasankha izi zosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha mavitamini awo ndi jams chifukwa cha kukoma kwake. Apple Jonathan, ndondomeko yake yonse ndi chithunzi - m'nkhani yathu.
Ndi mtundu wanji?
Jonathan - zosiyanasiyana kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira.
Mwa njira yosiyana, imatchedwa: Khoroshavka ndi yozizira, Zima zofiira, Oslamovskoye.
Mitengo ya mitundu iyi ndi yotchuka kwambiri North Caucasus ndi m'deralo Of Ukraine. M'nyengo yotentha ndi nyengo yozizira, maapulo ali ndi nthawi yakuphuka bwino.
Kwa mitengo ya kumpoto, mitengo iyi nyengo yozizira imakhala yokwanira - amawotchera nkhuni. Jonathan ndi wabwino kupanga maapulo mkati mafakitale.
Mitengo ya m'dzinja imaphatikizapo: mchere Petrova, Long (Kitaika), Zhigulevskoe, Imrus, Kalvil chisanu, Chophimba, Kutenga, Young Naturalist, Mphatso kwa alimi, Pepin Safir, Kuwala, Scala, Ural ambiri, Torch.
Kuwongolera
Apple Jonathan - wodzikondakoma popanda mungu wowonjezera zakudya zimakhala zoipira.
Mitundu yotsatirayi ndi yabwino kwambiri monga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: Mekintosh, Melba, Simirenko, Champagne Rennet, Welsey, Idared.
Bzalani imodzi mwa mitundu iyi pafupi ndi mtengo wa apulo Jonathan, ngati sukula mu chiwembu chapafupi. Ngati palibe mwayi wodzala mitengo yambiri ya mitundu iyi, ndikupulumutsanso ku korona.
Kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana Jonathan
Ganizirani mosiyana mawonekedwe a apulo ndi zipatso.
Kukula kwa mitengo akuluakulu pafupifupikorona uli ndi kuzungulira kokwanira zosiyana kwambiri. Nthambi zimachokera ku thunthu pamtundu wa obtuse, chiwerengero cha korona ndizochepa.
Nthambi pansi pa kulemera kwa zipatso zakupsa zimadalira pansi. Masamba ndi a sing'anga, kukula kwake pamphepete, pamwamba pa pepala ndi matte. Mitengo yambiri ya masamba imapatsa korona chiboliboli cha bluish.
Zipatso zapakatikati, zosalala, zonyezimira. Kulemera kwake kwa apulo ndi 100-150 magalamu. Mtundu waukulu wa khungu ndi wobiriwira, bulauni ndi wofiira kwambiri ndipo nthawi zina umaphimba pamwamba pa chipatsocho.
Khungu ndi lochepa kwambiri, koma wandiweyani komanso bwino amateteza chipatsocho kuti chiwonongeke. Maapulo amakhala ndi maonekedwe okongola kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo amatha kuyenda.
Pa nthawi yokolola, thupi ndi loyera ndi tinge wobiriwira; Mu Chikondi chokoma ndi chokoma pafupifupi sichimasiyana ndi wowawasa.
Pa mlingo wa 5-point, Jonathan akulemba Mfundo 4. Maapulo ali abwino mu mawonekedwe atsopano komanso pophika zakudya zophika. Malonda, iwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kupanga zipangizo za ufa komanso monga vinyo.
Chithunzi
Mbiri yobereka
Jonasi uyu anabwera kwa ife kuchokera North Americakumene iye anabadwira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 19 ndi kusankha kwa apulo Aesop ndi Spitzenburg (panopa sali otchuka).
Malingana ndi kachiwiri, mawonekedwewa amatchulidwa Jonathan hingley. Mkazi wake Rachel hingley anabweretsa mitundu yatsopano yosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku Connecticut komweko.
Pa maziko a nkhaniyi, Jonatani anabala mitundu yoposa makumi anai, pakati pawo yotchuka kwambiri Jonagold, Jonared, Prime, McFrey ndi ena.
Kukula kwachilengedwe kudera
Ntchito yoyamba kusamba ndi zinthu zopangidwa ku Ohio (USA). Mkhalidwe wa chikhalidwe ndi wofatsa m'nyengo yozizira kutentha kawirikawiri kumadumpha m'munsimu -1 madigiri, m'chilimwe ndi kotentha.
Choncho, mitengo ya apulo silingalekerere nyengo ya chisanu, amafunikira nyengo pafupi ndi malo oyambirira a kukula.
Kuyambira mu 1954 Mitengo ya apulo Jonathan imayendetsedwa Ukraine. Pa gawo la Russia limangopitirirabe North Caucasus.
Mitundu yotsatirayi ndi yoyenera kubzala m'derali: Golden Delicious, Augusta, Papirovka, Malinovka, Belifleur Kitayka, Yandykovskoe, Starkrimson, Spartan, Prima, Uslada, Yuzhny, Quinti, Korea, Sininoni, Amazing.
Pereka
Mitengo ya Apple skoroplodnyeperekani zokolola pa chaka 6kawirikawiri pa 4-5. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a chipatsocho amangirizidwa (ndi pollination yaulere). Chaka chilichonse zokolola zimakula; Mitengo yaing'ono ya apulo imapereka pafupifupi makilogalamu 20 a zipatso.
Mitengo yomwe yafika pa zaka 10 kapena kuposerapo imapereka zokolola za pachaka za 30-40 kilogalamu.
Zitsanzo za munthu aliyense zimamveka zokolola 300 - 400 makilogalamu!
Nthawi yokolola - kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa September mpaka pakati pa mwezi wa October. Maapulo a Yonatani akhoza kusungidwa mpaka March pokhapokha ngati akusungidwa muzipinda zapadera, koma nthawi zambiri amasiya kusamba ndipo amadzala ndi maluwa owawa kwambiri.
Jonathan anakhalabe mu furiji mpaka pakatikati.
The mulingo woyenera yosungirako kutentha ndi 2-3 madigiri pamwamba pa zero.
Maapulo amasungidwa bwino pamapaleti, omwe amawathira asanatumizedwe ku firiji.
Pa chinyezi cha 90 -95% Zipatso zimakhala zowutsa mudyo ndipo sizikutaya elasticity ya khungu.
Kutentha kutentha, posachedwa zipatso za chipatso zidzachitika, kotero ngati mukufuna kusunga maapulo mpaka masika, sankhani yosungiramo nyengo yozizira.
Ngati maapulo amafunika kutentha m'nyengo yozizira kapena kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, akhoza kusungidwa kunja kwa firiji pamatope apadera.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Maphunzirowa adzakhala abwino kwambiri kulima m'munda wamunthu, komanso kumalo osungirako malonda.
Musanabzala mtengo wa apulo pa chiwembu ichi, onetsetsani kuti nyengo ndi yofatsa m'dera lanu.
Kumadera akummwera a nyengo yokolola idzasuntha kuyambira September mpaka kumapeto kwa September.
Mbande Yonatani ndi bwino kugula muzipinda zapadera.
Mtengo waukulu wa sapling ndi 80 centimita.
Nthawi yabwino yobzala ndikumapeto.koma osati kale kuposa pakati pakumapeto kwa April.
Mtengo wa Apple Jonathan Gold akufika pamtunda wa mamita atatu kuchokera pa mzake.
Mbewu zazing'ono zimayenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa ndi mphepo yotentha - mthunzi iwo ndi nthambi kapena nsalu.
Mtengo umakula bwino ndi dzuwa lokwanira, sakonda shading. Nthaka inakonda loamy kapena mchenga.
Ngati mukukonzekera kukolola zokolola zambiri mumtengo wanu wa apulo, onetsetsani kuti nthaka yatsopano. Pa nthaka yosauka, maapulo adzagwa ndipo musagwire nthambi.
Ngati malo omwe Yonatani akukula sakhala ndi chonde, chakudya chowonjezera ndi chofunikira. Pa nthawi yamvula Amafunika zina kuthirira.
Chovomerezeka kasupe kudulira wa apulo mitengo. Mitengo ya Apple yomwe imagulidwa kumera, imatchera m'chaka chachiwiri.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala yovuta kwambiri, koma simungachite mantha ndi matendawa. Waukulu mavuto Jonatani zosiyanasiyana - mitengo yoziziras ndi powdery mildew.
Mitengo yakale yowonongeka imatsogolera ku nkhanambo ndi dzimbiri pofotokoza nyengo yozizira, ikani mitengo yambiri.
Ndibwino kuti kudula nthambi ya mtengo wa coniferouskomanso bango.
Mame amatha kukuletsani inu zokolola zanu.Choncho, kuteteza matendawa ndi koyenera.
Athandiza fungicide kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa (kutchulidwa kawiri kawiri pa chilimwe). Podyetsa zomera ndi potashi ndi feteleza phosphate, mumapangitsa mtengo kukhala ndi mphamvu ndi chitetezo ku matenda.
Ngati mupeza zizindikiro za matenda pamapulo anu apulo, zidzakuthandizani kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa oxychloride mkuwa, manganese njira, sopo yankho ndi koloko phulusa.
Nthawi zambiri njirayi - masiku 3-4 mpaka kuthetsa kwathunthu zizindikiro za matenda.
Mukasankha kukula Jonatani mitengo yamapulo, zipatso zabwino kwambiri zidzakhala mphotho yoyenera.
Pansi pa zinthu zina zomwe zikukula, munda wanu wa zipatso wamapulo udzabala zipatso zochuluka kwa zaka zambiri.
Penyani kanemayo pa powdery mildew ndi momwe mungagwirire nayo.
