Mtengo wa Apple - ndi umodzi mwa mitengo yakale kwambiri ya zipatso yomwe munthu amakula.
Mitengo ya Apple imasiyana pa nthawi yokolola, kotero mitundu yonse imakhala ndi zizindikiro zake za kulima ndi kusamalira.
Ndi mtundu wanji?
Apple zosiyanasiyana Lada amatanthauza zosiyanasiyana zozizira mitengo ya apulo yosiyana mkulu wa chisanu kukana.
Chinthu chofunika kwambiri kusungiramo zipatso - kusalola kuthamanga kutentha, mabokosi abwino a matabwa ndi pulasitiki.
Zipatso zasungidwa mpaka miyezi isanu.
Kuwongolera
Mitundu imeneyi ndi yofunikira kuti mungu ukhale wozungulira.
Mitengo yabwino kwambiri ya mungu wochokera ku zosiyanasiyanazi ndi yovomerezeka: Pepinchik Krasnoyarsk, Flashlight, Zhivinka.
Tsatanetsatane mitundu Lada
Ma apulo osiyanasiyanawa ali nawo kutalika kwake, chiŵerengero cha kukula chikukwera paunyamata.
Zinyama zili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. korona wakuda kukula kwakukulu ndi masamba obiriwira ndi nthambi zokhazikika.
Ikhoza kufika pa chirichonse zokha mamita atatu okha. Makungwa pamwamba pa mtengo ndi mtundu wa brownish, ndipo pansi pake umapeza chomera chobiriwira.
Mphukirazo ndizozungulira, pang'ono zophimbidwa m'magawo, zimakhala ndi pubescence. Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe a concave oblong, omwe amalowedwera pamwamba, m'mphepete mwake akutsitsa, kukula kwake ndi kwakukulu.
Mtundu - wobiriwira ndi imvi. Maluwa a mitundu yosiyanasiyana amakhala ndi pinki, ndipo maluwa - oyera, aakulu kwambiri, amakhala ndi fungo losapitirira.
Zipatso - kukula kwake, khalani ndi maonekedwe ozungulira, osungunuka pang'ono. Kulemera kwake kumafika pamtunda wa magalamu makumi anayi.
Panthawi yochotsa mtundu woyera, pamwamba pake pamakhala ndi mikwingwirima yofiira.
Pambuyo pa bodza, maapulo amatenga wofiira kwambiri, pafupifupi bulauni, mtundu.
Tsamba la chipatso cha Lada mitundu ndi yopyapyala, pansi pake mukhoza kuona kuwala kobiriwira.
Chipatso cha zipatso zokoma, zokoma. Nyama ndi yowutsa mudyo, yosakanikirana kwambiri, yofiira, yofewa, yoyera.
Chithunzi
Mbiri yobereka
Chifukwa cha ntchito ya akatswiri odziwa ntchito ku Krasnoyarsk Station of Experimental Station ya Zipatso Kukula Tikhonova N.N. ndi Tolmacheva A.S.Mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi inadulidwa popyola mitengo iwiri ya apulo: Leletino ranetki ndi Papirovka.
Chigawo chokula
Makhalidwe a dera la kukula - East Siberia. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yotchuka kumadera akum'mwera Dera la Krasnoyarsk.
Phunzirani za mitundu yoyenera kubzala izi: Snowdrop, Pepin Safir, Pansi, Mphatso kwa wamaluwa, Nkhumba zasiliva, Sokolovskoye, Uralets, Phoenix Altai, Mwana wamkazi Pepinchik, Lyubava.
Pereka
Mphamvu yofesa mtengo pambuyo pake zaka zinayi zitatha.
Komanso, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosalala.
M'chaka choyamba chiyambireni fruiting kuchokera ku mtengo umodzi, zokolola zili makilogalamu awiri a zipatsom'zaka zotsatirazi - mapaundi asanu ndi limodzi.
Mitengo isanu ndi iwiri akhoza kubweretsa mpaka kilo khumi ndi zinayi, ndi zinthu zabwino zowonjezera ndi kusamalira bwino, mitengo ya zaka khumi ndi chimodzi za mitengo ya zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri zitha kufika 35 kilograms, ndi chaka chotsatira - 45.
Chotsani chipatso chili choyenera kuyambira kumapeto kwa August mpaka pakati pa September.
Nthawi yosungiramo maapulo ikufika pa March. Zipatso zili nazo zabwino transportability. Maapulo ali ndi chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe chonse.
Dziwani za mitengo yambiri ya apulo: Gala, Antonovka mchere, Augusta, Zima zowirira, Lyubava, Apple Spas, Stroyevskoye, Sokolovskoye, Kuzaza Kwambiri, Lobo, Mwana wamkazi wa Pepinchik.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Kuti musakhumudwitsidwe ndi zokolola za mtengo wa apulo, ndikofunika kuti mubzala ndi kusamalira mtengo molondola.
Palibe chiyanjano chodzala apulo.
Ena amaganiza kuti mbande ndi yokonzeka kubzala mu nyengo yotentha, ena - mu kugwa, kusanayambe chisanu.
Palibe ubwino kapena zovuta za malingaliro onse awiriwa.
Choncho, chinthu chofunikira kukumbukira ndicho chomera chikufunika, mpaka kapena kutentha kale.
Yambani kukwera kuchokera mu dzenje. Ikonzedwa pafupifupi kwa mwezi umodzi kusanayambe kukonzekera komweko. Izi ndi zofunika kuti dziko lapansi likhale ndi nthawi. "pansi".
Choncho, muyenera kukumba dzenje mozama 60-70 masentimita, ndi madigiri - pafupifupi mamita.
Pamwamba pake ndi yachonde, ndipo pansi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta. Choncho, kukumba dzenje, ikani mbali ziwiri izi padera - izi zidzakhala zofunika m'tsogolo.
Ndibwino kuti mutulutse pansi pa dzenje ndikuliphimba ndi zitini zamatini, utuchi kapena miyala. Mukakabisa dzenje, chokhacho chimangokhala ndi mchere kapena feteleza zokha.
Kusakaniza uku kudzaza ndi gawo lachitatu ndi dzenje, ndiye_mwamba wosanjikiza. Pangani kondomeko kakang'ono, mutha kuyika msomali.
Mzere wosanjikiza umwazikana mozungulira mozungulira kuzungulira. Mukamabzala mtengo wa apulo, mizu ya mmera imayenera kukhala pamtunda.
Mtengo umangirizidwa ku cola kutayika mwa mawonekedwe asanu ndi atatu. Izi ndizowonjezera kuti thunthu la mtengo wa apulo silikugwedeza pamphepete mwa mphepo kuti asawononge khungwa. Nthawi yomweyo muyenera kutsanulira mitsuko iwiri kapena itatu ya madzi ndikumasula nthaka.
Kusamalira mtengo wa apulo ndi gawo lofunika ndi lofunikira la kukula mtengo wa zipatso uwu kuti akwaniritsidwe ndi zokolola.
Mwamtheradi mtengo uliwonse wa apulo umasowa nthawi zonse.
Nthaka yozungulira iyenera kukhala nthawi zonse kuyeretsedwa ndi kumasulidwa pofuna kuteteza bwino chinyezi.
M'chaka choyamba mutabzala mtengo wa apulo simukusowa kudyetsa kwina.
M'chaka chachiwiri, ndi kofunikira kale kuyamba kufesa feteleza.yomwe ili ndi phosphorus, potaziyamu, nayitrogeni kapena yokha.
M'nyengo yozizira, mtengo wa apulo uyenera kutetezedwa ku kuzizira, komanso ku hares ndi mbewa. Kuti tichite izi, thunthu liyenera kumangidwa ndi nthambi zapaipi kapena zapaini.
Chitetezo chimenechi chiyenera kupangidwa. isanayambe chisanu. Kuti ateteze mizu kukazizira, akhoza kuphimba ndi kamtunda kakang'ono ka manyowa kapena dziko lapansi.
Chinanso chofunikira pa chisamaliro cha apulo ndi kuyera. Zimayenera kupangidwa kuzungulira chaka chachisanu ndi chimodzi chitatha.
Pofuna kukula bwino ndi fruiting, mtengo wa apulo umafunika kudulira. Izi ndizofunika kuti ukhale ndi ubwino wa zipatso ndi kuunika bwino.
Makungwa akale kapena odwala ndi nthambi ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndi kuwotchedwa. Izi zidzasunga zokolola zambiri komanso moyo wa mtengo. Nthaŵi yabwino yochekeretsa mitengo ndikumayambiriro kasupe.
MFUNDO: Kudulira kumakhala ndi zotsatira zokha kuphatikizapo kuthirira bwino ndi feteleza.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Mitundu ya Lada ili ndi chiwerengero cha nkhanambo yotsalira: masamba okha amakhudzidwa, ndipo zipatso zimakhalabe zolimba.
Scab - Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha bowa.
Poyamba imafalikira kumadera owala, kenako amatha kuphimba ndi bulauni ndi kukula pamwamba pa dera.
Matenda osasangalatsawa ndi ochiritsidwa, koma m'pofunika kudziwa za njira zothandizira: pewani kudulira, feteleza (musati muwapatse feteleza omwe muli nayitrogeni), yesetsani kulima m'munda wokwezeka.
Mukaona kuti nkhanambo inayamba kugunda masamba, amafunikira kuchotsa ndi kuwononga mwamsanga.
Nthawi iliyonse yophukira, masamba otsala amayenera kubwezeretsedwa ku kompositi kuti asamafalitse mikangano. Nthaka iyenera kukumbidwa, ndipo udzu umachitidwa ndi yankho la ammonium nitrate.
Ngati njirayi sinagwire ntchito, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Njira imodzi yomwe ingathandize pavuto ndi mankhwala "Skor".
Amadzipukutidwa ndi madzi okhala ndi chiŵerengero cha 1 mpaka khumi, ndipo amayamba kupopera mtengo ndi kusakaniza kumayambiriro kwa masika.
Gawo lachiwiri - kugwiritsa ntchito 4% oxychloride kapena mkuwa sulphate: kupopera mbewu kumayenera kuchitika pambuyo pa maluwa.
Vuto lalikulu lofanana lomwe lingakumanepo pakukula mtengo wa apulo tizirombo.
Iwo akhoza kuwononga kwambiri osati zokolola zokha, komanso mkhalidwe wa thanzi la mtengo wa apulo.
Mankhwalawa amabwera kudzamenyana nawo: mkuwa, vitriol zitsulo, chlorophos, Bordeaux osakaniza ndi zina.
Ndikofunika kuti pamene kupopera mpweya kutentha sikukwera kuposa madigiri atatu a Celsius.
Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa kuti azibala chipatso, kuti mankhwala asalowe mu chipatso. Maanja a mankhwalawa si owopsa kwa anthu, kotero iwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda.
Kuti muchotse tizilombo m'nyengo yozizira mu khungwa la mtengo wa apulo mungagwiritse ntchito zovuta zothandizira ndi zothandizira:
- Kuwombera mwamphamvu thunthu;
- Kujambula makungwa;
- Kusamalira mabala a nkhuni;
- Kupanga kudulira nthambi asanayambe nyengo yokula.
Kuchokera kumachiritso a anthu: phulusa la nkhuni lomwe limalimbana bwino ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi mbozi.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Lada ili ndi ubwino wambiri: kukoma kwa chipatso, kusinthasintha kwake, transportability. Mitengo imagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu.
Mtengo wa Apple uli ndi zokolola zambiri, ngakhale kukula kwake kwa chipatso. Zina mwa zofooka zingathe kudziwika kuti kusasintha kwa masamba kuti nkhanambo.
Penyani kanema pa momwe mungakonzekerere bwino khungu loyeretsa ndi mitengo yoyera.
