Zina mwa zipatso zomwe zimapezeka m'dziko lathu, zomwe zimapezeka ndi apulo, zomwe ndizo woimira amodzi.
Ndipo osati pano chabe, koma padziko lonse, mitengo iyi yaying'ono yakhala ikuthandizira anthu oyambirira awo.
Kusintha koteroko kunali kwachibadwa.
Choyamba, mitengo ya apulo yamphamvu imakhala ndi malo ambiri okhala ndi korona yawo.
Komanso, kuwasamalira kumafuna khama kwambiri, ndipo kukonzekera bwino ndi kudulira sikungagwire ntchito, kachiwiri, chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu.
Kupeza achibale awo osagwirizana, mtengo wamapulo wamtengo wapatali adatchuka kwambiri. Mmodzi wa oimira mitengoyi ndi mitundu ya apulo Sokolovsky, zomwe zidzakambidwe pambuyo pake. Kufotokozera za zosiyanasiyana ndi zithunzi m'nkhaniyi.
Ndi mtundu wanji?
Sokolovskoye ndi nyengo yozizirandipo, chifukwa chake, ali ndi ubwino wa gawo ili, kuti, zipatso zake zikhoza kudyedwa chaka chonse, iwo wodzichepetsa pa kayendedwe ndi kusungirako.
Mwa njira, awo omwe ankayesera kupeza chidziwitso chosungira nyengo ya maapulo osiyanasiyana adatha kuonetsetsa kuti zinali zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro operekedwa ndi akatswiri.
Osati wamaluwa onse ali ndi mwayi wopatsa chipinda chosiyana pa mitundu yonse, kumene zizindikiro za kutentha ndi chinyezi zidzasungidwa.
Pogwiritsa ntchito wamba wamaluwa, mungathe kuyembekezera m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena pansi, momwe chisonyezero cha chinyontho, thermometer kapena zipangizo zowunika mayendedwe a microclimatic sichikupezeka.
Chinyengo chokha ndicho dongosolo la mpweya wokwanira, ndipo ngakhale izo sizodziwika.
Pezani zina zachisanu mitundu ya mitengo ya apulo: Agogo Smith, Winter Pear, Aydared, Antonovka mchere, Stroyevskoe, Fuji, Lobo, Kuibyshevskoe, Phoenix Altai.
Ndipo tsopano kwa zothandiza zothandiza kwambiri:
Sankhani malo kumene kutentha kuli m'nyengo yozizira pamtunda wa -1 ° - + 5 ° ndipo amasinthasintha kuposa madigiri awiri. Chikoka cha madontho amphamvu chimavulaza, choncho muyenera kutulutsa zipatso pansi.
Mabotolo ogwiritsira ntchito matabwa, plywood kapena pulasitiki, omwe ma apulo amasankhidwa malinga ndi kukula kwake. Mabokosi aang'ono ndi abwino: ndi osavuta kusuntha.
Zidzakhala bwino kusinthitsa chipatsocho ndi chips, utuchi, udzu, palibe: ndi nyuzipepala, mapepala, mapepala, akhoza kukulunga ndi maapulo.
Kuwongolera
Zomerazi sizingakhale ndi mungu wokha, choncho zimafuna kukhalapo kwa munthu wodula mungu.
Otsatira kwambiri pa ntchitoyi adzakhala mitundu ya mtengo. Bratchud, Snowdrop, Carpet.
Sokolovsky zosiyanasiyana malongosoledwe
Ganizirani mosiyana zomwe mtengo wa apulo ndi chipatso chake zimawoneka.
Kukhala wachilengedwe wamamera ndi korona wathyathyathya-wosasunthika, mtengo wa apulo ndi mitengo yake pa mbewu zamasamba sichiposa mamita 2.
Pa zimafalitsidwa vegetative clonal rootstocks - 1.5 mamita.
Makungwa a pansi ndi makungwa a nthambi zazikulu za mdima wofiira.
Kubala zipatso zamtundu uliwonse, nthawi zambiri kumabala chipatso pa kukula kwa chaka chatha.
Zipatso zazikulu zimadutsa mtengo wamtengo wapatali, mawonekedwe apansi.
Khunguli ndi louma, losalala, lodzola, lachikasu ndi lachikasu ndipo limatulutsa kuwala kofiira.
Kutalika kwa tsinde ndilopakati, lolunjika, lakuda. Zipatso zamtundu wambiri ndi zowutsa mudyo, zokometsera zonunkhira, zonunkhira bwino, zokoma zokoma.
Chithunzi
Mbiri yobereka
Anayambitsidwa pansi South Ural Research Institute za mbande za pollination Vydubychi kulira.
Anatchula chimodzi mwa mitundu yake polemekeza ndiye mtsogoleri wa malo oswana N.F. Sokolova, zomwe zathandiza kwambiri pakukonza ntchitoyi ndipo zathandiza mobwerezabwereza antchito ake.
Apple Sokolovskie inagwidwa bwino mu Ural mzere Kotero, iwo adayikidwa mu gawo ili la dzikoli.
Phunzirani zambiri za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo ya apulo yoyenera kubzala kudera lomwelo: Mwana wamkazi wa Pepinchik, Uralets, Yantar, On-Screen, Flashlight, Gorno-Altai, Gornist, Altynay.
Kukula kwachilengedwe kudera
Malo abwino kwambiri kuti bwino kukula kwa apulo Sokolovskoe - Siberia.
Komabe, zosiyanasiyanazi zingabereke zipatso m'mayiko omwe si achibadwidwe, mwachitsanzo, m'madera a Moscow.
Chinthu chofunika kukumbukira ndi chakuti iye salola kutentha ngakhale pansi pa mkhalidwe wothirira mowolowa manja.
Pereka
Fruiting ikuyamba zaka 3-4 pambuyo katemera. Mtengo uliwonse wa apulo umabweretsa mpaka makilogalamu 65.
Komabe, zopanda pake fruiting ndizotheka.
Izi zimatheka chifukwa chakuti zaka zambiri zomwe zimapindulitsa mtengo zimapereka zakudya zonse pa kukula kwa maapulo amakono, chifukwa chake mapangidwe a zipatso samachitikira kukolola, chifukwa zipangizo za apulo zatha.
Izi zikhoza kupezedwa ngati mwadongosolo samalani mtengo:
- Onetsetsani kudya ndi kupereka chomeracho ndi chinyezi;
- Chotsani masamba ena a zipatso, omwe amatsogolera ku kukonzanso kwa mtengo wokhwima ndi kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano ndi masamba a chaka chotsatira;
- Kupukuta maluwa ndi mazira losunga mazira, kumene kuchokera ku inflorescence pamakhala maluwa onse koma maluwa.
- Palinso njira zina zofunika posamalira mtengo wa apulo.
Za iwo mu ndime yotsatira.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Kuti mtengo wa apulo ubale chipatso osati kukhala wodwala, m'pofunika kuti uzibzala bwino bwino, komanso kuti ukhale wosamalira.
Kutangotha mwamsanga Mizu iyenera kukulunga mu nsalu zamadzikupewa kupezeka.
Mwamsanga mtengowo udabzalidwa pansi, mofulumira udzamera ndi kutenga.
Mitengo yaing'ono ikufuna kuthirira ndi kutsika kwa madontho otentha.
Mitengo yamapulo yachonde imabzalidwa pafupi ndi pansi.
Ngakhale chilala chosafunika ndi chakupha kwa akuluakulu.
Ngakhale kuti akukula pang'ono, mitengo imayikidwa pamtunda wofanana kapena wamkulu kuposa Mamita 3, ndipo anaikidwa m'madzi osachepera theka la mita. Kuzungulira mmimba ndi pafupifupi masentimita 70.
Kufukula kwa dzenje kukuphatikizidwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwa dothi la pamwamba, lomwe limasakanizidwa ndi humus ndipo limatumizidwa ku nthawi yopuma, chisanadze 10 malita a madzi.
Mtengo wa apulo wachinyamata umatsikira mosakanikirana ndikusakaniza kuti Malo opatsirana katemera anali 2-3 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka.
Nthaka kuzungulira thunthuyo, pansi pake imatsanulira, zomwe zidzasintha zotsatira za kuthirira.
Njira yothandiza kusamalira mitengo ya apulo ndi yofanana ndi yamba. Zimaphatikizapo njira zowonongeka, kuthirira, kudyetsa komanso kuteteza tizilombo ndi matenda.
M'chilimwe, mitengo imathiriridwa. mlungu wa 10 malita a madzi.
Pa zaka ziwiri ndi zitatu za moyo, ziribe kanthu ngati mtengo wa apulo umabala chipatso, umadyetsedwa ndi feteleza mchere.
Ngati zamoyo zilipo, mukhoza kuphika Mchere wa mullein (1:10) kapena manyowa a nkhuku (1:20), mtengo umodzi - 1-2 zidebe.
Popeza kuti mizu ya mitengo yambiri imakhala pansi, kuthirira kumayenera kuchitika nthawi zonse, makamaka m'nyengo youma.
Kuthirira madzi ndi mvula ziyenera kutsatiridwa kumasula ndi kuchotsa namsongole.
Kuthirira kumatha kumaliza kumayambiriro kwa August.Apo ayi nthambi sizidzatha ndi chisanu zidzawavulaza.
Kumapeto kwa kugwa, madzi okwanira amafunika kuthirira, chifukwa choti mizu imakhala yosavuta kwambiri kusamutsa nyengo yozizira.
Ngakhale mtengo wa apuloso wa Sokolovskoy uli wosasinthasintha, mizu yake ili pafupi pafupi ndi pamwamba.
Zidzakhala zomveka kutenthetsa dera lozungulira mtengowo.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Scab. Izi zosiyanasiyana zimagonjetsedwa ndi nkhanambo.
Khansara yakuda Amapanga makungwa a mitengo ikuluikulu ndi nthambi m'malo mwa kuwonongeka kwao ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa ngati mawonekedwe a bulauni-bulauni, omwe amachulukanso pakapita nthawi.
Zowonjezeranso zakuda chifukwa cha bowa.
Coccomycosis. Amagawidwa kwambiri. Amapezeka m'mamasamba, zipatso ndi mphukira zatsopano ngati mawanga obiriwira.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha m'nyengo yozizira m'mamasamba agwa. Kuyeretsa kwawo kwakanthaŵi yake kudzateteza kufalikira kwa matendawa.
Zipatso zowola. Mitengo yowola pamtunda wovunda - gwero la matenda. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kusonkhanitsa zipatso zomwe zawonongeka.
Aphid Adani achilengedwe adzakuthandizani kuchotsa: mphutsi za mphutsi, mphutsi za diso la golide, chiwindi, kachilomboka.
Iwo amakopeka ndi zomera monga calendula, katsabola, velvet riboni, coriander, fennel.
Sizimapweteketsa kuti mitengo ikhale yoyera kumapeto kwa nyengo ndi nthawi yophukira, osatchula mankhwala.
Mtengo wa zipatso wa Apple. Gulugufegu ting'onoting'onoting'ono tomwe timayika dzira limodzi lobiriwira pa tsamba. Mbozi zakuuluka zimakhazikika m'mapangidwe ake.
Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala amachilombo, mukhoza kukopa apulo compote kapena kvass. Mabanki okhala ndi zamadzimadzi amaimitsidwa pakati pa nthambi, ndipo m'mawa amachotsedwa tizirombo zomwe zimakondweretsa iwo.
Kulira kwa silkorm. Komanso gulugufe, koma lalikulu, lofiirira kapena lofiira. Mazira omwe amaikidwa pamapazi ang'onoang'ono amatha kudula ndi kuwapangika mumitsuko, yokutidwa ndi gauze, ndipo amaikidwa pansi pa denga asanayambe kugwira ntchito.
Pambuyo imfa ya mbozi yanjala, mabanki amatsegulidwa kuti apereke ntchentche za Takin kuti ziyike mazira mwa iwo. Kenaka, mabanki omwe ali ndi adani achilengedwe a silkworm amaikidwa pansi pa mitengo. Pokhala obadwa, iwo ayamba kudwala matenda odyetsa dzira.
Hawthorn. Amadziwika ndi mapiko ake oyera ndi mitsempha yakuda ndipo amaika mazira pamwamba pa masamba. Mphungu 5 masentimita yaitali, ndi mikwingwirima itatu ya lalanje mu thupi lakuda. M'chaka amadya kutupa masamba.
Listovertka. Ntchentche zing'onozing'ono. Nkhumba zimawononga masamba a maluwa ndi maluwa, kuwakokera pansi mothandizidwa ndi mabubu.
Sungani masamba mu chubu kapena mpira. Amatha kudya zipatso, kudya zilonda kapena kuwononga khungu.
Kukula kwa tizilombo towononga pamtengo wa apulo kumadalira mwachindunji chitukuko cha zomera zomwe zili ndi chidwi.
Choncho, nthawi yochenjeza maonekedwe a tizirombo ndi mankhwala adzakhala ndi zotsatira zamphamvu kwambiri.
Ndikulumikiza mwachidule, ndikufuna kuti muzindikire kuti ngati mukufuna kuti mukhale ndi zipatso zapamwamba chaka chilichonse, muyenera kutsatira mwatsatanetsatane mfundo zomwe zili pamwambapa ndikuyang'ana mitengo nthawi zonse.
