Mtengo wa apulo wodzala pang'ono ndipamwamba - Gawo la snowdrop

Pakalipano, mitengo ya apulo yambiri imakhala yotchuka kwambiri.

Iwo ali osakhala otsika mu zokolola zina maapulo ndipo amayamikiridwa ndi wamaluwa chifukwa cha kukongoletsa kwawo makhalidwe. Mitengo ya apulo yosadulidwa ndi yabwino kwambiri yobzala m'dera laling'ono ndikuikongoletsa.

Ndi mtundu wanji?

Apple Snowdrop imatchula mitundu yozizira Zimasiyananso nthawi yayitali. Mukasungidwa mosamala, maapulo akhoza kugona mpaka masiku zana limodzi ndi makumi awiri mutatha kukolola.

Mitengo yachisanu imakhalanso ndi izi: Chikumbutso cha Moscow, Winter Beauty, Lobo, Sinap Orlovsky ndi Granny Smith.

Kuwongolera

Nthawi zambiri amalima amafunsa funso - "Kodi n'zotheka kudzala mtengo umodzi wa apulo pa tsamba"? Mfundo ndizo pafupifupi mitundu yonse yomwe imakula mu mzere wathu sikuti imadzipitsa mungu. Snowdrop ndi zosiyana.

Ngati pali malo oyandikana ndi munda waukulu wa apulo pafupi ndi inu, izi zikhoza kukhala zokwanira kuti azipaka mungu. Ngati malo ena ali patali, onetsetsani kuti mupange apulo yachiwiri ya mitundu yozizira kuti mtengo uyambe kubala chipatso.

Mitengo yabwino yotulutsa mungu wochokera ku snowdrop: Sokolovskoe, Carpet ndi Ground.

Kodi mungapulumutse bwanji mbewu m'nyengo yozizira?

1. Ziyenera kuyamba ndi mfundo yakuti maapulo ayenera kuchotsedwa bwino pamtengo. Muyenera kugwira chipatsocho ndi chikhato chanu chonse, kuchikweza ndikuchikuta pamodzi ndi tsinde. Sikoyenera kutulutsa tsinde.
2. Kukolola kukolola nyengo yozizira.. Ngati masiku amvula ndi mvula, maapulo ayenera kuuma asanayambe kukolola m'nyengo yozizira.
3. Pofuna kusungirako, konzekerani makapu apansi. Maapulo ndi bwino kupindira mumzere umodzi, osati wina ndi mnzake. Kuti muwasunge nthawi yaitali, mukhoza kukulunga aliyense pa pepala kapena nyuzipepala.
4. Sitani yosungirako katundu iyenera kukhala yowuma ndi yoyera. Yang'anani chipatso. Ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso zipatso zonse. (palibe zokopa, mano ndi kuvunda).
5. Malo abwino osungirako adzakhala ozizira m'chipinda chapansi.

Mtengo wabwino wosunga umawonetsedwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo ya apulo: Bryansk, Nyezi yachisanu, Kandil Orlovsky, Bolotovsky ndi Nymph.

Kufotokozera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Snowdrop

Chilichonse chosiyana chimakhala ndi makhalidwe ake, umunthu wake ndi makhalidwe ake. Zomwe zafotokozedwa mosiyana ndizosiyana.

1. Chipale chofewa chimatanthawuza mitengo yosiyanasiyana ya apulo. Wopatsidwa ndi yopanda phokoso korona. Kutalika kwa mtengo pambewu zogwirira ntchito kumafika kuchokera ku chimodzi ndi theka kufika mamita awiri. Kutalika kwa mtengo wa apulo pa rootstocks ya clone yomwe imapezeka ndi kufalitsa kwa zomera sikudutsa mamita 1-1.5.
2. Makungwa a nthambi ndi pa thunthu ndi owala, ofiira.
3. Mphukira ndi yobiriwira ndi tinge ya bulauni, kukula kwake.
4. Masamba ndi aakulu, oblong, ozungulira, ambiri osindikizira, ndi timitsinje tating'ono kumbali.

Mitundu monga Sokolovsky ndi Ostankino imayimilidwa ndi mitengo yochepa.

Mbali za chipatso:

1. Kukula kwapakatikati, mawonekedwe ozungulira a conical.
2. Tsinde ndi laling'ono, lolunjika, makulidwe ambiri.
3. Khungu ndi losalala, limakhala lokongola kwambiri la chikasu komanso limawala pamwamba pake.
4. Nyama ndi zonona zokoma, zowutsa mudyo, zowirira, ndi tirigu ang'onoang'ono.
5. Maapulo ndi okoma, okoma ndi owawasa. Madzi ndi zamkati ali ndi vitamini C. Osafunika kuti asidi osakaniza 18 mg mu chipatso chimodzi, ndipo shuga ndi 8-9%.
6. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yapadziko lonse lapansi, choncho imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachilengedwe, yoyenera kugulitsa, kupanga, kukonzekera zokometsera zokometsera.

Zotsutsana ndi mitundu monga Aport, Assumption, Ubwenzi wa Anthu, Asterisk ndi Quinti.

Mbiri yobereka

A mitundu yatsopano yawonekera chifukwa cha ntchito ya obereketsa Russian: Mazunina MA, Putyatina V.I. ndi Mazunina N.F. Ntchitoyi inagwiridwa ndi bungwe lofufuza za sayansi la kukula kwa zipatso ndi masamba. Chipale chofewa chinagulidwa chifukwa cha kupalasa kwaulere kwa mtengo wa apulo kuchokera ku Vydubetskaya kulira.

Dera logawa

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana idapangidwa ku Western Siberia ndi m'midzi.kumene posakhalitsa anafala. Chipale chofewa chikhoza kukula mu njira yathu. Kudera la Moscow, mitundu yosiyana siidalandira zokolola zoipa. Mtengo wa apulo uli ndi hardiness yabwino yozizira, choncho imatha kukulanso kumpoto, ngakhale kuti zizindikiro za zokolola zingakhale zochepa.

Ku Siberia, amasangalala akakula mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Krasa Sverdlovsk, Pavlusha, Rumyana ya Altai.

Pereka

Mitengo imayamba kubala chipatso kwa zaka 3-4 pambuyo pa katemera.. Mtengo wa apulo wamng'ono umabereka zipatso nthawi zonse, ndiyeno nthawi ndi nthawi. Pafupipafupi, mtengo umodzi ukhoza kusonkhanitsidwa mpaka 70-80 makilogalamu a zipatso.

Kubzala ndi kusamalira

Ndiyetu chifukwa cha khama lanu, chisamaliro ndi mtedza wachinyamatayo umayamba kukula bwino, kukhazikitsa ndi kubweretsa zokolola zoyamba.

1. Kudyetsa mtengo wa apulo wamng'ono umalimbikitsidwa masikapamene chisanu chachoka, chisanu chidzatha ndipo mphepo idzatentha pansi masana.
   

   Mukhoza kubzala kumayambiriro kwa autumn kusanayambe nyengo yozizira. Pankhaniyi, ndi bwino kukonza nyemba pamphepete mwa mphepo yamkuntho, ndi kumanga chisanu kuchokera ku chisanu pogwiritsa ntchito mulch.

2. Malo a apulo ayenera kukhala bwino komanso otseguka. Mthunzi umatha kukula, koma pang'onopang'ono ndipo khalidwe la fruiting lidzakhala locheperapo.
3. Mtengo wa Apple umasinthasintha bwino ku dothi losiyana. Zosiyana ndi nthaka yolemerera dongo. Mzuwu uyenera kupuma ndi kulandira chinyezi pang'ono kuti usapitirire.
   

   Ngati dothi likulemera, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera mchenga.. Njira yabwino ndi nthaka yofooka acidity, chernozem nthaka ndi sing'anga kapena zofooka chonde.

4. Posankha malo otsetsereka, tcherani khutu kumadzi apansi. Ngati mlingo wa madzi uli wapamwamba kwambiri, chingwe chowonjezera cha mtunda wa dziko chiyenera kupangidwa.
5. Kwa mmera, dzenje limakumbidwa pafupi 40 cm 40. Ilo liyenera kukhala laulere ndi lonse. Pakati pa pansi, mchenga wadothi umapangidwira mu slide ndi feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (peat, phulusa). Mtengo umaikidwa pamtunda pakati pa fossa, mizu yowongoka ndipo dzenje laikidwa kuti mzere wa mizu ukhale pamwamba pa nthaka.

Kusamalira:

1. Kusamba kumasowa nthawi zonse, koma moyenera. Mtengo samakonda overmoistening nthaka. Odziwa wamaluwa akulangizidwa kuti apange malo apadera pafupi ndi mitengo ya kunja kwa madzi. Mu mvula yachilimwe muyenera kumasula nthawi zonse kuti mizu ikhale yopuma.
   

   Chonde dziwani kuti kalasi silingalekerere nyengo yotentha. Ngati chilimwe chili chotentha, onetsetsani kuti mumvetsetsa bwino madzi okwanira, komanso mumapanga mdima usana masana (ngati muli ndi mwayi wotere).

2. Mtengo wa apulo umafunika kudulira nthawi zonse. Mtengo wachinyamatayo ndi wofunika kwambiri kuti apangidwe korona woyenera ndipo umakhala ngati njira yowonongeka ya maonekedwe a tizirombo. Chapakati iliyonse muyenera kuchotsa youma, zosafunika (zosafunikira), nthambi zosweka ndi nthambi.
3. Ndikofunika kuti kupatulira kwa mazira ndi zipatso. Pamene zakhazikika mokwanira, m'pofunika kuchotsa chipatso chapakati pa mtolo uliwonse. Mpaka zipatso zisanu zikhoza kukhala mtolo umodzi.
   

   Ngati izi sizinayende, kukoma kwa chipatso chidzachepetse, ndipo zikhoza kukula zobiriwira, zopanda chitukuko. Kuwonjezera pa mtengo wa apulo kungapangitsenso ku periodicity ya fruiting.

4. Masika aliwonse ayenera kukhala umuna wa zakudya, kupewa matenda, kukula bwino ndi fruiting.. Mavitamini alionse ali abwino monga feteleza: peat, phulusa, manyowa. Ena wamaluwa amadyetsa mtengowo mwa kupopera potaziyamu sulfate kapena urea.
5. Chipale chofewa chimaloleza chisanu bwino, koma chimagwedeza nthaka isanayambe nyengo isanafike. Monga mulch kukwanira: utuchi, peat, makungwa, humus, udzu. Mulch amateteza mtengo wa apulo kuchokera kuzizira, ndipo m'chaka chidzakhala zakudya zabwino.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Chipale chofewa chimakhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu cholimbana ndi matenda ndipo sichimakhudzidwa ndi //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html.

1. Ndikofunika kutenga njira zothandizira kupewa matenda.. Mtengo umafunika kusamalidwa bwino, chaka ndi chaka kudula ndi manyowa. Ngati pali mtengo wa zipatso "wovuta" pa chiwembu, sizingakhale zopanda pake kupopera mankhwala m'chaka.
2. Apple ili ndi tizilombo toopsa kwambiri: nkhanambo, sucker, mite, aphid, listobloshka, njenjete. Chithandizo ndi mankhwala chikuchitika m'chaka, pamene tizilombo timadzuka ndikuyamba kukhala mu mtengo.
3. Malingana ndi mtundu wa tizilombo omwe timasankha mankhwala. Mungathe kuchotsa nsabwe za m'masamba ndi nyemba zofiira mothandizidwa ndi yankho la karbofos. Kuchokera ku frivolok kumathandiza kufuta fodya. Yankho la Zolon lidzathetsa njenjete. Chlorophosome mankhwala ndi othandiza polimbana ndi njenjete ndi tsvetoeda.
4. Chimodzi mwa matenda ofala kwambiri ndi powdery mildew. Zimakhudza mphukira, masamba, maluwa, makungwa, ndipo zimatha kupita ku chipatsocho. Powdery mildew imapopera bwino mankhwala a sopo ndi mkuwa. Ngati zizindikiro za nkhanambo zimaonekera, mtengo umafunika kuchitidwa ndi colloidal sulfure kapena Hom.

Musaiwale za tizirombo ngati chipatso chopangira, silkworms, migodi ya migodi ndi hawthorn.

Chipale chofewa chimaonedwa kukhala chosiyana kwambiri pa kukula kwa minda yam'makomo. Amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kwabwino, nthawi yosungirako nthawi yaitali, komanso maonekedwe ake okongoletsera ochepa.

Mtengo wotero wa apulo udzakhala wokongoletsa weniweni wa malo alionse, ndipo posamalira bwino nthawi idzakhala nthawi yabwino yosangalala ndi kukolola kwakukulu.