Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Greek yakale thuja amatanthauza "mtengo wamoyo." Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani amakopa chidwi cha akatswiri asayansi ya zinthu zachilengedwe, madokotala, opanga, onunkhira komanso olima wamba? Choyamba, ndikusinthasintha kwachilengedwe. Thuja imatha kumera m'madambo, m'mipata, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yamapiri, imasinthika bwino ndi dothi lolemera la miyala yamiyala ndi podzolic. Kuphatikiza apo, mtengowu umakhala nthawi yayitali, zaka zake zitha kupitilira zaka mazana atatu. Thuja adadziwika ku Europe kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 16, ndipo ku Russia adakhazikitsidwa koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 19. ku Crimea, ku Nikitsky Botanical Garden. Woyamba kusirira samayamikira kukongola kwake kokongola, komwe kumakhala chaka chonse. Mafuta ofunikira alipo mu singano, omwe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazaka zambiri monga mankhwala ndi zonunkhira.
Maonekedwe ndi mitundu
Thuja ndi wa gulu la masewera olimbitsa thupi kuchokera ku banja la a Juniper. Mitundu iyi imaphatikizapo cypress, sequoia, taxi. Zomera zamtunduwu, pafupifupi, zimakhala zaka 150, koma nthawi zina zochulukirapo.
Kukongola kwa chitsamba chaka chonse
Thuja amayimiriridwa ndi mitengo ndi zitsamba. Zomera zazing'ono zimakhala ndi singano zofewa, zamtundu wofewa wobiriwira, ndipo achikulire ali ndi masamba obiriwira, okuta bwino. Zipatso zake zimakhala zing'onozing'ono zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi nthangala. Akucha mchaka choyamba.
Zambiri! Mitundu ya 120 imadziwika yomwe imasiyana mitundu ndi kapangidwe ka singano, kukula ndi mtundu wa korona.
Western - mtundu wamba
Mitundu yonse imagawidwa m'mitundu isanu:
- Western thuja ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino kwambiri yamakhalidwe. Wosadzitchinjiriza ndi chisanu-wosakhazikika, woyenera kulima. Ili ndi mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu;
- pindani thuja. Amalekerera nyengo yachisanu yozizira kwambiri, mphukira zazing'ono zimazizira nyengo yozizira, koma pang'onopang'ono singano imabwezeretsedwa;
- Thuja lakum'mawa ndiloyenera zigawo zakumwera. Pakati panjira ndikofunikira kubisa;
- Thuja waku Japan. Amakonzekereratu nkhalango kapena mapiri. Ogonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, osadzikuza, amapirira chilala chambiri;
- Korea thuja ndi shrub yokhala ndi korona wakufalikira wokhala ndi nthambi zazikulu ndi singano yofewa, yophatikizidwa. Dzina lachiwiri ndi thuja zokwawa. Yofikira kum'mwera kokha.
Thuja Japan, osagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu komanso wosadzikuza
Momwe mungakulire thuja: kubereka
Kufalikira kwa Thuja kumachitika mu nthawi yachilengedwe komanso masamba. Palibe zovuta kulima, koma simuyenera kunyalanyaza malamulo obzala. Zomera zosiyanasiyanazo nthawi zambiri zimangopangidwira mwa njira yazomera, pomwe akatswiri azomera amatenga kugawidwa kwa chitsamba ndi kudula.
Kufalikira ndi kudula
Kudula kumakonzedwa mu June kuchokera ku zitsamba za 2-3 wazaka ziwiri. Zoyipa-zotsatsa za chaka chino ndizoyenera. Zidulidwa ziyenera kudulidwa mosamala ndi chidendene, mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito ndi yankho la heteroauxin. Zodulidwa zibzalidwe mozama masentimita 15-25. Mapangidwe osakanikirana ofunikira: peat, malovu amtundu ndi mchenga mu chiyerekezo cha 1: 1: 1. Chilichonse chimathetsedwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate. Choyimira-greenhouse chambiri chimapangidwira chogwirirachi pomaphimba ndi pulasitiki. Pulirani komanso kuumitsa pokhapokha mutazika mizu.
Tcherani khutu! Kwa nthawi yozizira, mbewu zimakutidwa ndi utuchi kapena nthambi za spruce. Pamene kuzizira kozizira kumatha kuphimbidwa ndi filimu.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Iyi ndi njira yayitali, yomwe imatenga zaka 3-5. Mbewu zatsopano zomwe zangotulutsidwa kumene zimabzalidwa. Mbewu zimakhazikitsidwa m'firiji, pomwe zimasungidwa mpaka nthawi yamasika. Zofesedwa poyera mpaka akuya masentimita 0,5 m'malo otetezedwa. Danga loonda lathiridwa pamwamba, bwino kuposa conifers.
Chisamaliro chikuyenera kuthandizidwa kuti nthaka isasungunuke, kunyowa komanso kutetezedwa ndi dzuwa. Mphukira zikawoneka, bedi liyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi peat ndikudzazidwa ndi feteleza wa mchere kamodzi pakatha masabata awiri. Kukula kwam'ng'ono, komwe kumakhazikitsidwa nthawi yachisanu, kumaphimbidwanso ndi nthambi za spruce ndi zojambulazo. Mu kasupe, chisamaliro cha mphukira chimayambiranso.
Zofunika! M'chaka chachitatu chokha, kutalika kwa thuja kukafika theka la mita, komwe nkutha kukaika kumalo osatha.
Thuja: Kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera
Kubzala kwa Thuja kutha kuchitika mu kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira. Koma kuphukira ndikofunikira (kuyambira pa Epulo 20-25 mpaka Meyi 15-20), chifukwa nthawi yotentha mizu ya chitsamba yaying'ono imalimba ndipo sadzaopa.
Mmera zakonzeka kubzala
Zofunika! Momwe mungabzala thuja komanso momwe mungasankhire malo oyenera tsambalo, muyenera kusamalira pasadakhale. Ngakhale adadzikuza, mbewuyo imakonda kuwala, koma siyimayima mowala. Dzuwa lowala dzuwa limasambitsa tchire, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yozizira kwambiri. Sakonda thuja ndi zolemba.
Momwe mungabzale thuja pang'onopang'ono masika
Mukasankha malo, kukumba dzenje ndi mulifupi mwake pafupifupi 1 mita.Mizu yodzala nyemba iyenera kulowa mgawo kuti masentimita 15 mpaka 20 akhale pansi. Dothi la Sodomu ndi kuwonjezera kwa mchenga ndi peat ndiloyeneranso.
Tcherani khutu! Ngati ichi ndi chomera chaching'ono, ndipo chotupa sichinapangidwe, musanabzale, muyenera kuchepetsa mizu yake kukhala chosakanizika ndi dongo ndi madzi (kirimu wowuma).
Mmera wakhazikitsidwa pakatikati pa dzenjelo, mizu ya thuja imawongoka, dzenjelo limadzaza ndi dothi losakaniza bwino.
Ngati mbewuyo ndi yayikulu, ndiye kuti mizu yochokera mumphika imayenda ndi dothi lapansi ndikunyira mu dzenjelo. Khosi la thuja liyenera kukhala pamwamba pamlingo. Kenako muyenera kupukusa nthaka mozungulira mmera, kuthira madzi ambiri, ndikuwonjezera mizu. Mutatha kuyamwa madziwo panthaka, muyenera kuthira dothi la mulch (kompositi, peat) kuti muthe kutetezedwa kwa mizu masiku ovuta. Kubzala kwa Thuja kasupe kumakhala kwabwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kukula ndi mapangidwe ake.
Zofunika! Mulch sayenera kugwera pamunsi nthambi ndikuphimba thunthu, apo ayi mtengo ungavunde.
Momwe mungasankhire mbande zopangidwa kale, kapena chifukwa chake kuli bwino kulumikizana ndi nazale
Muyenera kugula imodzi yokhala ndi mizu yotsekeka mu beseni. Ikhoza kukhala dothi loumbidwa ndi burlap. Zomera siziyenera kukhala kuti zaphulika, mphukira zowonongeka ndi zizindikiro za matenda. Kubzala ndi kukulitsa mbande kumakhala kosavuta ngati mugula ku malo apadera, komwe chisamaliro chimachitidwa ndi akatswiri. Mutha kupezanso malangizo oyenda ndi gawo limodzi pofikira.
Ndikofunika kukulitsa thuja kuchokera pachomera chaching'ono, chifukwa chimamera bwino. Kutengera ndi mitundu ndi nyengo, thuj-yooneka ngati colon imatha kukula ndi 1-1.5 m m'zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Zoyipa zimayamba pang'onopang'ono. Chofunikira ndikuti muphatikize bwino.
Golden Brabant, singano zagolide
Mitundu yomwe ikukula mwachangu ikufunikira mwapadera:
- Opusa. Colon-mawonekedwe a thuja, omwe amakula chaka chilichonse ndi 25-35 masentimita mpaka 7 cm masentimita. Ali ndi singano zazikulu zopangidwa ndi malachite hue. Ndiosagwira chisanu, chokulirapo, chogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe;
- Golide Brabant. Ali ndi mtundu wa singano zagolide;
- Kolumna. Korona wopyapyala, chaka chilichonse m'mwamba kupitilira amawonjezera masentimita 30 mpaka 40 ndi kutalika pafupifupi 5 cm. Zosiyanasiyana ndi zozizira;
- Fastigiata. Colon woboola pakati komanso wokulirapo. Crohn ndi yopapatiza-yozungulira komanso yopanga. Kukula kuli pafupifupi 30 cm kutalika ndi 5 cm mulifupi. Singano ndi zobiriwira zakuda bii, zonunkhira bwino. Kukana kuzizira;
- thuja wopindika, kapena chimphona. Amawonjezera mpaka 25 cm pachaka. Singano ndi zobiriwira zakuda, zonyezimira, zoyera zimawoneka pambali pake. Ili ndi fungo labwino kwambiri. Zosakhazikika-yozizira, koma salola kutentha;
- Smaragd ndi mtundu wa thuja wakumadzulo. Ali ndi mawonekedwe opanikizana-korona, korona wandiweyani. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zosagwira chisanu komanso zopirira mthunzi.
Zofunika! Ndikofunikira kusankha chomera chomwe chidzayikidwire.
Thuja: kubzala ndi kusamalira
Momwe thuja imakulira mwachangu momwe zimadalira. Kutsirira pafupipafupi, kuvala pamwamba komanso kudulira ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa mbewu zazing'ono. Mbewu zimafunikira kumasulidwa ndi udzu. Popeza mizu ili pamtunda, kudula kuyenera kuchitika mosamala mozungulira mtengowo osaposa 8-10 cm.
Momwe mungadyetse thuja masika
Chapakatikati, chomeracho chimayenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa mchere. Tsopano pakugulitsidwa pali zinthu zapadera zamafuta zomwe zimapangidwira mitundu ina ya mbewu zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi madzi. Odziwika kwambiri aiwo ndi muzu ndi mgwirizano.
Momwe mungachepetse thuja ndikupanga korona wake
Kudulira kumachitika mchaka chachiwiri mutabzala ndi secateurs amphamvu. Ndikofunika kudula mchilimwe, pomwe nthambi ndi masamba akuthengo zimapangidwa, ndikuyamba kuphuka. Kudulira kotsatira kumachitika kumapeto kwa Ogasiti.
Thuja kumeta tsitsi, zokongoletsera za shrub
Momwe mungayang'anire thuja? Tekinoloyi ndi yosavuta: nthawi zambiri mapangidwe amayambira pomwe chomera chifika msinkhu womwe mukufuna. Palibe zoposa 1/3 ya mphukira yomwe idadulidwa.
Zambiri! Kudulira kumachitika pamene thuja imakula nthawi iliyonse pachaka, koma ndiyabwino kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira.
Matenda a thuja ndi chithandizo chawo
Nthawi zambiri, mitengo imavutika ndi izi:
- mochedwa vuto. Zizindikiro: thunthu limapeza kufewa kuchokera pansi, mtengo umazirala, singano za imvi. Cholinga: chinyezi chimayenda m'nthaka ndipo sichikoka. Mizu yozungulira. Matendawa atha kupewedwa ndikuthilira ndi fungicides. Osati kulandira chithandizo;
- nsapato zofiirira. Zizindikiro: Mawonekedwe achikasu amamba ena papikisano. Pambuyo pake amatembenuka bulauni ndi kufa. Chithandizo: dulani njira zodwala, mtengowo udyetsedwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi feteleza wapadera. M'chilimwe, utsi ndi foundationazole;
- dzimbiri ndi mankhusu. Zizindikiro: Kudetsa ndi kuvunda kwa singano. Chithandizo: mankhwalawa ndi fungosis wokhala ndi mkuwa (HOM kapena Bordeaux fluid). Popewa, dulani nthambi zonse zoipa ndikuziwotcha.
Thuja pakupanga kwapangidwe
Tizilombo tina touluka timatsutsanso mtengowo. Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi thuja zimasanduka zachikaso, zomwe ambiri sadziwa zoyenera kuchita pankhaniyi. Cholinga cha izi chikhoza kukhala ngati zotchinga za thuja kapena zotchingira zabodza, zomwe zimaba mbali yakumwambayi. Momwe makulidwe a tizilombo timayesero, muyenera utsi ndi karbofos, ndi actelik. Kukonzanso kumalimbikitsidwa masamba asanatseguke. Kuchokera kuzilombo zomwe zimayambitsa mizu ya mbewu, kukumba kwa yophukira kumathandizira kuti madzi asasanduke.
Ntchito yotchuka kwambiri ya thuja ndi zokongoletsera za ziwembu zanu, mabwalo ndi masitolo akuluakulu. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazomera zotchuka pakupanga mawonekedwe. Pafupi ndi nyumbayo amawoneka bwino padera komanso pafupi ndi tchire. Korona wokoma mtima amayambitsa linga lozungulika. Manja aluso, ziwonetsero zokongola zimapangidwa kuchokera ku greenery. Musaiwale kuti thuja imayeretsa mpweya, imadzaza ndi mpweya. Ndipo koposa zonse, zimapatsa kukongola.
