Gelenium ali ndi makhalidwe ambiri. Chomera ichi ndi woimira banja la Compositae ndipo wapezeka mu chikhalidwe kuyambira 1635. Komabe, duwa yoyamba ikufotokozedwa mu ntchito ya Karl Linnaeus mu 1755. Mitengo yonse ya zamoyozi ingakhale yosiyana kwambiri ndi chitsamba, ndipo malingana ndi mitundu yosiyana siyana, imakhala yosiyana ndi 30 mpaka 150 cm. Mitundu imakhala yopangidwa ndi maonekedwe ofunda ndipo ikhoza kukhala mtundu umodzi kapena mitundu iwiri kapena ngakhale variegated. Masamba a Lanceolate.
Gelenium yofala kwambiri inalandira kumpoto ndi ku Central America. Tsopano m'dziko lapansi muli mitundu 30 ya osatha gelenium, yomwe kulima sikuli ngati mavuto apadera.
Mukudziwa? Anthu amakhulupirira kuti chomeracho chinapeza dzina lake kulemekeza mkazi Menelaus - Helena, zomwe zinayambitsa kusagwirizana ndi nkhondo pakati pa Troy ndi Greece.
Kukulitsa helenium kuchokera ku mbewu
Gelenium ndi njira yabwino kwambiri kwa iwo amene akufuna kukongoletsa munda wawo ndi maluwa a autumn mtundu pomwe zomera zambiri zakhala zikuphulika (izi ndi zofunika kwambiri ngati mukuganiza kuti kukula maluwa kuchokera ku mbewu kumakhala kosavuta, ngakhale kuti sikunatchuka kwambiri pakati pa florists).
Chifukwa cha chidwi chochepa pa kuswana kwa mbeu ndi chakuti panthawi yobzala mbewu za helenium zimatayikaNthawi zambiri ndizovuta kwambiri. Ponena za funso lakuti "Kodi kudzala mbewu za gelenium?", Pano choyamba ndikofunika kusankha momwe mungamerekere gelenium: kubzala mbewu za mbande, kapena kufesa mbewu. Mukamakula ndi njira yobzala, nthawi yofesa mbewu ndikumapeto kwa February kapena kumayambiriro kwa March, ndipo pamene mukufesa mbewu kumayambiriro kwa masika. Momwe tingayambitsire bwino njira ya gelenium njira, tidzakambirana zambiri.
Kufesa mbewu za mbande
Musanafese mbewu za mbande, m'pofunika kuziyika. Ntchitoyi imakhala miyezi 1 mpaka 1.5. Mu chodela chodzala, m'pofunika kufesa mbewu ndikuzitsitsa nthaka, kenaka ndikuphimba ndi filimu ndikuyiyika pamalo ozizira, amdima (firiji ili yabwino kwambiri) kwa masabata asanu ndi limodzi. Patapita miyezi umodzi ndi theka, chidebecho chiyenera kusunthira kumalo otentha, kutentha komwe kumakhala pa 18+. Mbewu iyenera kukhala pansi pa kuyatsa (kupanga nyali ya fulorosenti ndiyo njira yabwino). Pamene mapesi amaoneka pa masamba awiri enieni, mapepala ofunika kwambiri, mbande zingabzalidwe mu makapu osiyana.
Ndikofunikira! Sakanizani mbande kuchokera ku thankindi sayenera kuchotsa muzu wa nthakakumene zomerazo zimakula.
Mukamabzala mbande pamalo otseguka (makamaka mwezi wa May, pamene dziko lili lotenthedwa kale), kuya kwake kwa dzenje liyenera kukhala lalikulu kapena katatu kuposa kukula kwa dziko lapansi. Musanadzalemo, mizu ya mbeuyo iyenera kuikidwa bwino ndikuyikidwa pamtunda wa 25-30 masentimita. Mukamabzala mabedi amakhala ndi peat kapena humus.Kukula mbande za gelenium njira sizingakupangitseni maluwa nthawi yoyamba, choncho muyenera kuleza mtima ndikudikirira maluwa kwa chaka china.
Kufesa mbewu mwachindunji pansi
Ngati mulibe nthawi kapena kumera mbeu za njira yoberekera, mungathe kubzala helenium mwachindunji. Ntchito yoyamba ya ndondomekoyi sizimafuna khama. Mukungoyenera kukumba malo oti mubzala ndikusungunula pang'ono ndi manyowa, manyowa kapena tofe, onetsetsani kuti mukulima mbewuzo. Ndi bwino kuyambitsa ndondomekoyi pasadakhale, chifukwa pa nthawi yake ili pafupi mwezi. Pamene stratification ikuchitika, mbewu mu chidebe chosiyana ndi osakaniza ndi wetdust sawdust ndipo anasiya mu firiji (kapena m'malo ena ozizira mdima) kwa mwezi. Pambuyo pake, nyembazo zimakonzeka kufesa m'nthaka.
Mukudziwa? Mwamsanga mutatha kukolola kuti muyambe kufesa ndikufesa mbewu, zimapangitsa kuti mbewuzo zikhale zabwino.
Mu nthaka, muyenera kupanga grooves, kapena maenje, kuya kwa 3-5 masentimita ndikufesa mmenemo mbewu. Mtunda wokhala pakati pa mizere / maenje ayenera kukhala 25 masentimita. Mbeu zofesedwa ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi peat kapena humus, zomwe zidzateteza zomera ku kutentha kwakukulu ndi chisanu. Mudzawona mphukira zoyamba mu masabata 2-3.Kusankha malo okula gelenium
Gelenium ali ndi maonekedwe okongoletsera ndipo ntchito yaikulu ikukula maluwa ndi kusunga izo, choncho kubzala ndi kusamalira mbewu izi ziyenera kuchitidwa motsatira malamulo ena, omwe oyamba ndiwo malo abwino odzala duwa. Kuti gelenium amve bwino ndibwino kuyika pamalo otentha, okongola. Komabe, chomeracho sichidzafa mumthunzi kapena mthunzi wa tsankho, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa maluwa kungachepetse.
Kuphatikiza kwa gelenium ndi zomera zina
Gehlenium m'mapangidwe a malo sungakhale mbali imodzi yokhayoyi komanso yokongoletsa munda wanu "payekhapayekha". Mwachitsanzo Wamtaliatali a heleniamu ndi abwino kwambiri kumalo osakwatirana omwe amatha kukhala ndi malo amodzi. Kuwonjezera apo, mitundu yayitali ndi yoyenera kukongoletsa mipanda, kapena kupanga "mazinga". 
Ngati mukukula mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa zokongoletsera zokongoletsera ndi njira za m'munda. Pakubereka geleniums wamtali ndi amfupi, akhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi maluwa, chrysanthemums ndi mabelu. Palimodzi, maluwa awa adzalenga chisomo chophweka ndi kuphweka. Mitengo yocheperapo ikuwoneka bwino mu kampaniyo ndikundiiwala-ine-osati: kuphatikiza kwa madzi otentha ndi ozizira kudzawonjezera pang'ono chinsinsi ku kapangidwe.
Mukudziwa? Maluwa odulidwa a gelenium samasamba m'madzi, omwe ayenera kuganiziridwa pakuika zokongoletsera.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji gelenium pamalo otseguka
Kusamalira gelenium sikufuna khama kapena ndalama. Zokwanira kuchita zonse panthawi yake, kutsatira mosamala zofunikira, ndiyeno maluwa anu azikongoletsa munda kwa nthawi yaitali.
Konzani bwino
Chinthu chachikulu chomwe muyenera kudziwa pamene mukukula gelenium ndikuti sichimalola nthaka youma. Choncho, mukamwetsa, m'pofunika kulingalira za chilengedwe cha kukula kwa gelenium ndipo, makamaka nthawi zouma, kuchita mobwerezabwereza madzi okwanira. Komabe, panthawi imodzimodziyo, sikoyenera kulola kuti madzi asatulukire m'nthaka, zomwe zingathandize kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mizu.
Ndikofunikira! Gelenium akulimbikitseni kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothirira madzi.Kupewa kuchepa kwa madzi m'nthaka kumathandiza kuthetsa nthawi. Ndibwino kuti tichite zimenezi mwamsanga mutatha kuthirira, kuti mpweya umalowe mizu ya zomera, komanso chinyezi. Kumera kumathandizanso ndi chomera, ndipo chiyenera kuchitika 3-4 nthawi pa nyengo, chifukwa namsongole amathetsa nthaka ndikuyamwa chinyezi. Pofuna kupeŵa maonekedwe a udzu wambiri, nthawi iliyonse mutamasula nthaka, muyenera kutsanulira mulch pansi pa chitsamba, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa bwino kwambiri ndi peat kapena humus.
Kodi ndi kangati komanso momwe mungapangirere kuvala?
Gelenium, monga chomera china chiri chonse, amafunikira zakudya zina.
Manyowa a gelenium amafunikira magawo atatu:
- Nthawi yoyamba kuvala ikuchitika m'zaka khumi zoyambirira za mwezi wa May, pamene masamba obiriwira amayamba kukula (panthawiyi mungagwiritse ntchito urea kapena feteleza zamadzimadzi, komanso kuchokera ku mankhwala oyenera kulowetsa mullein);
- kachiwiri, helenium iyenera kudyetsedwa kuti ikweze maluwa (ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ngati awa: kuwonjezera 10 malita a madzi pa 10 malita a madzi, 1 tbsp ya Agricola-7 ndi 1 tbsp ya Agricola-fantasy);
- nthawi yachitatu zomera zimadyetsedwa kuti zithandize kuti "zikhale zowonjezereka" isanafike nyengo yozizira (pakali pano, feteleza zochokera pa superphosphate ndi potassium sulphate ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito).
Mukudziwa? "Kudyetsa" mbewu sizingatheke, chifukwa chidzachititsa kukula kwa maluwa, pamene maluwa sadzakhala ochepa.
Kudulira inflorescences
Kudulira inflorescences sikufunika kupanga chitsamba, koma kuti lipititse patsogolo maluwa. Kuti izi zitheke, dulani ma inflorescences pang'ono ndikuwombera, koma kuchotsani zonsezi sizothandiza. Ndikwanira kudula inflorescences wa nthambi zazing'ono kwambiri. Chinthu chinanso: ngati mutachotsa masamba omwe atha kale, ndiye kuti maluwa atsopano adzakhazikika m'malo awo.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mukufuna kusunga nthambi yanu, ingolani pamwamba pake.
Mmene mungagwirire ndi tizirombo ndi matenda a gelenium
Ngakhale kuti gelenium imakula pamalo otseguka, zimakhala zovuta ku mitundu yonse ya matenda ndi tizirombo. Komabe, choopsa kwambiri pa chomera ndi chrysanthemum nematode - matenda omwe amapezekapo ndi maonekedwe a bulauni pamasamba ndi masamba, ndipo patapita nthaŵi msanawo umatha kutuluka pachimake. Mukawona vuto ili pa chomera chimodzi, ndiye kuti muyenera kuthana ndi geleniums. Pochita izi, amathiridwa otentha (mpaka 50 ° C) ndi madzi, ndi nthaka kuzungulira chitsamba chowaza ndi mandimu kapena sulfure.
Matenda ena omwe nthawi zambiri amawoneka mu gelenium ndi ovunda. Pofuna kupewa, ndikofunika kutsatira malamulo a kuthirira momveka bwino, ndipo ngati vuto lili kale, mukhoza kuthetsa nthakayo ndi kumasula zomera ndi fungicides.
Koma tizilombo tingathe kuonongeka mosavuta pochiza chomeracho ndi madzi omwe sopo (m'mayambiriro oyambirira) kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (pa "kuukira" kwakukulu).
Ndikofunikira! Waukulu Gawo loletsa matenda ndi maonekedwe a tizirombo ndi kusamba kwa nthawi yake, komanso kuyeretsa masamba akugwa pansi pa chitsamba, chifukwa mabakiteriya ambiri ndi tizilombo timakhala namsongole ndi masamba ogwa.
Nthawi yosonkhanitsa ndi kusunga mbewu za gelenium
Ngati mwasankha kukonzekera mbewu za kubereka gelenium, ndikuzisonkhanitsa kuchokera maluwa anu, ndiye kuti mukufunika kuzichita mwamsanga, chifukwa mvula yamvula imangowola. Mtsinje wamdima ndi maluwa omwe ali kale kale akuda pamene mbewuzo zakhala zokonzeka "kukuuzani" za kukula kwake kwa mbeu yokolola. Ndi bwino kusunga mbewu mu thumba la nsalu, mutatha kuziika pamalo ouma. Zimalangizidwa kuti mupachike mtolo mwakukhoza, kapena kuziika pa alumali kuti zisafike ku mbewa.
Ngakhale kuti mbewu za helenium n'zosavuta kupeza m'masitolo amakono, akhoza kusonkhanitsa mosavuta nokha. Komabe, ambiri obereketsa amakhala ndi njira zofalitsa maluwa, chifukwa kumera kwa mbewu si kokwanira, komanso kumakhala kovuta kwa "makolo".
Wintering gelenium
Kuti muthe kusangalala ndi maluwa anu a gelenium ndipo mutatha nyengo yozizira, maluwawo ayenera kukonzekera bwino. Timadzi ta helenium timadulidwa kotero kuti osachepera 10 cm akhoza kuwonedwa pansi. Mabedi omwe gelenium amakula amafunika kukhala ndi mulungu, peat kapena humus, kuyika mulch osachepera 5 masentimita Ngati mumakhala m'dera laling'ono la chisanu, mumayenera kuphimba maluwa ndi lutrasil, ndipo m'malo mwa chisanu imateteza chomera ku chisanu.
Kuwombera ndi kugawa tchire la gelenium
Ambiri wamaluwa, akukula gelenium, akudandaula ndi funso: "Ndi liti kuti mutenge maluwa?". Ndikofunika kuti izi zitheke kamodzi pakatha zaka zitatu, chifukwa iyi ndiyo nthawi yabwino kwambiri yoti mphukira zazing'ono zikhazikitsidwe komanso kuti maluwa a maluwa asapitirire "kutulukira" panthaka. Kugawidwa kwa mabomba a helenium kumakhala kosavuta kuchita kusiyana ndi kuchita ntchito yomweyi kwa nthawi ina iliyonse, chifukwa ngati chitsamba chokula chokha chimagawidwa muzitsulo. Zidzakhala zovuta kuzilekanitsa ndi chitsamba cha mayi: chomeracho chimakumbidwa kuchokera pansi ndikutsuka bwinobwino kuchoka ku nthaka, kuyesera kuti asawononge mizu. Kenaka, kumalo kumene chitsamba chinagawanika, chodulidwacho chimapangidwa ndi chida chakuthwa, nthawi yomweyo kuyaka mafuta odulidwa ndi malasha kapena kuchiza ndi munda wa decoction, pambuyo pake gelenium yabzalidwa pansi.
Mitundu ya gelenium
Mwa mitundu 30 yomwe tsopano ikudziwika ya zomera zomwe zafotokozedwa, ndizingapo chabe zomwe zimakula mwakuya m'minda, iliyonse ili ndi ubwino wake. Mwa tsatanetsatane wa masukulu omwe timakonda kwambiri tikambirana zambiri.
Gelenium Bigelow
Gelenium Bigelow (Helenium bigelovii) - ndi yosavuta kuposa ena onse. Dziko lakwawo limatengedwa kukhala mbali yakumadzulo kwa North America, kumene zomera zimakhala mpaka masentimita 80 mu msinkhu. Masamba a mitundu iyi ndi lanceolate, lonse. The inflorescences ndi lalikulu - mpaka 6 masentimita awiri. Maluwa otentha ndi ofiirira ndipo maluwa amangozi ndi a chikasu chowala. Zomerazi zimayambira maluwa mu June, ndipo zikupitirira mpaka July. 
Gelenium Spring
Helenium Spring (Helenium vernalis) - chitsamba chosatha chomwe chimatha kufika mamita 1. Masamba ndi mtundu wa lanceolate, wokongola, wozungulira, wobiriwira. Maluwa ndi aakulu kwambiri, mpaka masentimita 7 m'mimba mwake. Maluwa a bango amawala lalanje ndipo maluwa a tubular ndi ofiira. Maluwa amayamba kale kuposa "Bigelow" (kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa May) ndipo amatha mpaka kumapeto kwa June. 
Mukudziwa? Gelenium "Spring" - oyenerera ngakhale Siberia chifukwa chapamwamba chisanu chotsutsa.
Gehlenium Gupesa
Helenium Gupesa (Helenium hoopesii) - chitsamba chachikulu, kufika masentimita 90 mu msinkhu. Masamba ndi gray-green lanceolate, onse. Pansi peduncle ndi mtundu umodzi wa chikasu, womwe umakhala wofiira 9 cm. Chimake chimakhala kwa mwezi: kuyambira June mpaka July. 
Gelenium Autumn
Gelenium Autumn (Helenium autumnale) - mitundu yomwe imayamikiridwa ndi obereketsa, ndipo koposa zonse, kwa mitundu yambiri ya mitundu. Mitengo yambiri ya mitundu iyi imakwana 160 cm mu msinkhu. Masambawo ndi ofanana, "okongoletsedwa" ndi grayskins. Maluwa otchedwa inflorescences amatha kufika masentimita 30. Maluwa amtunduwu ali ndi utoto wobiriwira, ndipo maluwa amtundu ali ndi chikasu (mdima wonyezimira) ndipo amathandizidwa ndi reddish tinge. 
Ndikofunikira! Mitundu imeneyi imamera kwa miyezi iwiri: kuyambira July mpaka September.
Gelenium wosakanizidwa
Helenium hybrid (Helenium x hybridum) - gulu la mitundu yonse ya "haliquid" ya helenium. Kugwirizana kokha pakati pawo ndi mawonekedwe oyambirira - Autumn Helenium. 
Monga mukuonera, munda aliyense akhoza kupeza gelenium zosiyanasiyana "chifukwa cha moyo." Maluwa okula ndi osavuta, ndipo mawonekedwe awo ndi ophatikiza zovuta za mawonekedwe oyeretsedwa, kuphweka kwa maluwa okongola ndi mtundu wa dzuwa. Geleniums idzakhala yowonjezerapo kuwonongeka kwa malo onse ndipo idzakondweretsa iwe kwa zaka zambiri. Zokwanira kuika dontho la chikondi ndi chisamaliro maluwa.
