Mapulogalamu owometsera Chakudya Chamtengo Wapatali anabwera kwa ife kuchokera kutali North Americapamene osunga mwachangu amakula mtengo wa apulo wa mitundu yosaidziwika kale.
Maapulo achikasu onunkhira amasangalala ndi zokwawa zambiri. Tsopano, popanda izi zosiyanasiyana, n'zovuta kulingalira malo osungirako chipatso cha dipatimenti yosungiramo zipatso.
Chisangalalo cha golide chinkayenera kulawa ndipo mu latitudes ndi chaka chonse chimakondweretsa ogula "golidi" maapulo.
Ndi mtundu wanji?
Zosiyanasiyana Zosiyanasiyana Zachisomo Chokondweretsa mpaka kuyang'ana kwa chisanu cha maapulo.
Izi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi khalidwe labwino - yosungirako nthawi yaitali maapulo.
Izi zimateteza zonse zakunja ndi zokoma za chipatso.
Choncho, apulo imeneyi ikhoza kugulidwa chaka chonse, ngakhale m'chilimwe, pamene mbewu zatsopano zikumerabe.
Mitengo yachisanu imaphatikizansopo Belarussian Crimson, Bratchud, Bolotovsky, Aport ndi Aphrodite.
Tsatanetsatane mitundu Zokoma Kwambiri
Ganizirani mosiyana mawonekedwe a apulo ndi chipatso chomwecho.
Kutalika kwa mtengo kumafikira kukula kwakukulu. Thunthu la mtengo wa apulo liri ndi makungwa a buluu wakuda.
Korona wa mtengo wokhawo umakhala wojambula mumdima wobiriwira ndipo uli ndi mawonekedwe ooneka ngati khunyu omwe amakumbutsa wamaluwa ambiri mawonekedwe a piramidi.
Apple korona wandiweyani ndi nthambi. Popeza zosiyanasiyana ndi Golden Delicious ndithu kwambirindiye pa zaka zomwe korona ya mbeu imakhala zowonongeka ndi zozungulira.
Masamba a Apple ndiwo mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira. Pa masamba okhawo amawoneka bwino mitsempha ya bulauni. Pamwamba pa masamba ndi "galasilo", ndikutanthauza chophwanyika, ndipo m'mphepete mwake mumakhala zogwedezeka.
Inflorescences yazing'ono zazikulu, monga saucer, ali ndi mtundu woyera wovundana ndi mitsuko ya pinki.
Zipatso za mtundu wa apulo uwu ndizopakati, kukula atakonzedwam'malo mawonekedwe ofanana.
Pafupifupi, kulemera kwa chipatso chimodzi ndi 150-200 magalamu.
Apulo palokha ili ndi dothi lakuda, louma la mdima wonyezimira kapena wonyezimira wachikasu, pamwamba pazifupi zomwe zimawoneka zakuda kapena zofiirira.
Zipatso zili kumbali yakumwera korona ingagulidwe pang'ono pabuka.
Mbewu za chipatso ndizochepa zofiirira. Thupi la apulo ndi lobiriwira, yowutsa mudyo komanso lokoma kwa kukoma.
Mitundu yotsatirayi ingadzitamandire ndi zipatso zokoma komanso zokoma: Piloto Orlovsky, Ekranny, Bolshoy Narodnoe, Orlinka ndi Aromatny.
Mbiri yobereka
Mtundu wa Golden wotsegulidwa mu 1890 ku North America. Panthawiyi, m'modzi mwa mabungwewa, wachibadwidwe wa ku America wosadziwika sapling anakula mtengo wa apulo, womwe umasiyana mobala ndi kukoma kwa mitengo ina ya apulo.
Olima munda sanathe kupeza zokwanira za makhalidwe abwinowa ndipo anayamba kukula mochulukira, ndipo kukoma kwa shuga kwa zipatso izi zosiyanasiyana "golide ndi wapamwamba."
Patapita nthawi, Golden Delicious inadziwika ku Ulaya ndi ku Russia. Ndipo chimodzimodzi, wamaluwa ankamuyamikira iye. zokolola zambiri ndi kukana matenda.
Kukaniza matenda kumasonyezanso ndi Oryol Polesye, Cinnamon Novy, Pavlusha ndi Altai Ruddy.
Kukula kwachilengedwe kudera
Chosavuta pang'ono cha zosiyanasiyanazi ndi otsika kukana otsika kutentha, ndipo, chifukwa chake, dera lake lalikulu likukula kumwera.
Izi zosiyanasiyana zimakula mwakuya kumadera akumwera a Russia.
Kusintha kwa madera ena kumachitika bwino, koma wamaluwa sangathe nthawi zonse kuwona zokolola zazikulu.
Monga lamulo, zokolola ndi zazing'ono, ndipo zipatso zokha zimataya juiciness.
Mitengo ya Apple inabzalidwa mkulu chinyezi m'maderaakudwala matenda onga powdery mildew.
Pereka
Chakudya chamtengo wapatali chimakhala ndi nthawi yobala zipatso. Mbewu yokolola kamodzi pachaka. Msonkhanowu wamakani kumapeto kwa September.
Chipatso choyamba Izi zosiyanasiyana zimapereka kale m'chaka chachiwiri chakufika. Mtengo wochokera pamtengo umodzi ukufika 65 kilogramndipo m'madera otere amadza 80 kilogalamu.
Kwa zaka 7 zoyambirira za nyengo yokula, mtengo umabala zipatso zambiri., kenako kubereka zimadalira nyengo ndi nyengo. Ali ndi zaka 10, zokolola zambiri Masentimita 230 pa hekitala.
Ubwino waukulu ndi:
- Mkulu fecundity;
- Kukanika kusungirako;
- Kukolola zipatso koyamba;
- Kutsika zotsika.
Mitengo yambiri ya apulo imatha kukondweretsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana: Wachirombo, Kuibyshev, Kukongola kwa Zima, Marat Busurin ndi Kandil Orlovsky.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Mukamabzala mtengo uliwonse wa zipatso, m'pofunika kuganizira zinthu monga nthawi komanso malo abwino. Ichi ndi chitsimikizo kuti mtengo wanu wa apulo udzabala zipatso bwino ndipo idzakondweretsa inu ndi zipatso zake.
Akusewera mbali yofunika komanso Mmera kukonzekera kubzala Yang'anani kanema iyi.
Mitengo yamitundu ya golide ikulimbikitsidwa kubzala. theka-amamera katundu molingana ndi 4 × 4 m chiwembu
Musanabzala, wolima munda ayenera kuyeza madzi apansi, monga zokolola zimadalira kukula kwa mizu ya mtengo.
Mitundu imeneyi imalimbikitsidwa kubzala ndi madzi apansi 2, mamita asanu.
Kum'mwera madera Kufika kumayambiriro kumapeto kwa mwezi wa Oktoba, ndi kumpoto ayambe kupita pakati April.
Kukula kwa dzenje kuti mbande zikhale 100x100x80 masentimita
Gombe limalimbikitsidwa kukonzekera pafupifupi mwezi umodzi musanadzalemokotero kuti nthaka yokhala ndi feteleza ili ndi nthawi yothetsera.
Malo ofufuzidwa ndi feteleza superphosphate, phulusa ndi potaziyamu.
Ngati mlimi akukonzekera dzenje molunjika Musanabzala, feteleza sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito!
Analimbikitsa onjezani zigawo nthaka yokhala ndi udzu imalowa mu nthaka.
Pambuyo pofika mumayenera kupita kuthira madzi mochuluka ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, kutsanulira nthaka.
Mitengo yaing'ono ya apulo Zosiyana izi mosiyana ndi mitengo ya apulo yokhwima muyenera kusamalidwa mosamala. M'zaka ziwiri zoyambirira nkofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzimwa madzi ndi kuchotsa namsongole.
Kuthirira kumalimbikitsidwa kamodzi pamwezi. M'madera ouma, nthawi zambiri ulimi wothirira ukhoza kukhala wochulukitsa kawiri pa mwezi kapena mlungu uliwonse. Pakati pa maluwa kuti nthaka ikhale yosatheka!
Mitengo yaing'ono ya apulo chifukwa nthawi yozizira imayenera kukulunga nthambi za spruce. Korona Golden Delicious imafunikira chisamaliro chapadera.
Amafunika kudula nthambi zamphamvukomanso nthambi zowona zikuyenera kuchotsedwa. Ndikofunika kudula nthambi za chaka chatha.
Wofesa munda ayenera kutsimikizira kuti ndi kusasitsa kwa mtengo wa apulo, korona idzakhala yozungulira. M'chaka choyamba maapulo ayenera kusankha maluwakuti asawononge mtengo ndi zipatso.
Mtengo wawang'ono wa apulo zaka ziwiri zoyambirira za moyo zimayenera kumangirira pamgoma. Ndipo, ndithudi, musaiwale za kudyetsa mtengo.
Kumayambiriro kwa masika, chakudya chabwino chidzakhala yankho la urea, koma kwa feteleza a chilimwe ndi abwino, omwe angaphatikizepo sodiummwachitsanzo Sodium humate. Thunthu la mtengo liyenera kuchiritsidwa ku matenda ndi tizirombo zosayenera.
Zokoma Zosiyanasiyana Zokongola akusowa zofufumitsa chifukwa ndi wosabereka.
Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga Melrose, Jonathan, Delishes ndi Kuban amalimbikitsidwa, Adaikidwa.
Izi zimapangidwira bwino makina a mamita 500 kuchokera ku delishes Golden.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Chakudya Chamtengo Wapatali chimakhala ndi matenda ambiri nkhanambo, powdery mildew. Ndiponso izi zosiyanasiyana ndi zosiyana kuchepetsa chilala ndi chisanu choopsa.
Tizilombo toopsa ndi masamba a masamba, aphid wobiriwira, apulo mite, kachilomboka ka maluwa a apulo.
- Kulimbana powdery mildew mtengo umapulitsidwa ndi kukonzekera monga Topaz. Pambuyo maluwa, mtengowo umaperekedwa ndi mkuwa wa chloride;
Kulimbana nkhanambo mtengo wa apulo umatulutsidwa Nsalu yamtengo wapatali ndi sulfure yothetsera;- Kuteteza motsutsana ndi zobiriwira nsabwe za m'masamba gwiritsani ntchito yankho Malathion;
- Kuti apulo mite musawononge "moyo" wa mtengo wa apulo n'kofunikira kuti muwononge makungwa akale ndi utsi karbofos njira;
- Muzilimbana masamba a masamba ayambe kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndikupaka nkhuni ndi matope 3% nitrofen.
Kulimbana nkhanambo mtengo wa apulo umatulutsidwa Nsalu yamtengo wapatali ndi sulfure yothetsera;Kuti mudziwe zambiri zomwe zingathandize kupewa njenjete, tsinde la zipatso, nyemba zam'madzi, nkhwangwa ndi njenjete ya migodi, onani nkhani zosiyana pa webusaiti yathu.
Popeza mukudziwana bwino ndi zokondweretsa za Golden ndipo mwaphunzira mitundu yonse yobzala ndi kusamalira izi zosiyanasiyana, simungachite mantha kuti mukhale wolima munda wa golidi komanso apulo wabwino kwambiri, zomwe zingasangalatse mwiniwake ndi zonunkhira ndi zokoma.
