Vika - chomera cha banja la legume, lomwe nthawi zina limatchedwanso kufesa nandolo. Ikhoza kumera monga chomera chamtchire kumadera osasunthika, pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa misewu, ndipo ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomera cholimidwa. Pachifukwachi, Vika nthawi zambiri amaleredwa kuti azidyetsa nyama. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mmene mungamere zomera zomwe zimalima.
Vic: ndondomeko ndi mitundu
Choyamba, muyenera kumvetsetsa vetch, momwe zimawonekera komanso zomwe zimachitika. Malingana ndi mtundu wa zomera akhoza kukhala osatha, ndipo mwinamwake chaka chimodzi. Zimayambira zikhoza kukhazikika, koma mumtundu wina zimakwera, zomwe zimamatira kuzinthu. Amatha kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 20-100. Masamba ochuluka amakhala ndi stipules, ndi pinnate. Mavesi angakhale otsekemera kapena okwanira. Mitundu yayikuluyi: mawonekedwe a mphete, ofiira, oblong. Nkhono zazingwezi zimakhala ndi masharubu amphamvu.
Nkhalango ya Vika imakhala ndi maluwa oyera, achikasu, ofiira kapena a buluu. Iwo akhoza kukhala axillary osakwatiwa, ndipo akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa mu magulu a maluwa awiri kapena atatu. Corollas ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi ngalawa. Masamba amodzi ndi ofanana ndi masamba kapena akhoza kupitirira pang'ono. Maluwa amaonekera mu June ndikugwira mpaka August. Pambuyo maluwa, nyemba zowonongeka zimaoneka, zomwe zimakhala zobiriwira, zosiyana ndi ndevu. Mtengo wa zomera ndi nthambi, zofunikira. Amayamba mkati ndipo amatha kupeza zakudya zokwanira.
Pafupifupi, mitundu 140 ya nandolo imadziwika kuti imakula ku East Africa, South America, ndi Europe. Izi ndi mbewu zozizwitsa, chakudya ndi zokongola. Mitundu ya Vicia faba, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi nyemba yamaluwa, imalimidwa ku Mexico, Thailand, ndi China monga mbewu yophika chakudya. Kukula kwa Vika kapena Vicia sativa L wamba wapezeka mowirikiza. Zili ndi mtundu wa buluu wofiira, nyemba zofiirira komanso oblate wakuda. Ndi zomera zokwawa zomwe zimafika 110 cm m'litali. Pa nthambi zimakula masamba a mapaipi asanu ndi awiri (8-8).
Zimazizira - mtundu wina wa chomera, wosiyana ndi kuchapa ndi kulekerera kwa chilala. Zakudya zake zimakhala zofanana ndi nyemba, choncho zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa udzu, udzu, haylage, chakudya chobiriwira, mapuloteni oyambirira. Nthano yowonjezeka kwambiri m'chigawo chathu ndichache. Vetch iyi ndi chomera chopatsa thanzi, chotero chapeza ntchito yake mu ulimi monga udzu wa fodya. 123 g mapuloteni pa 100 makilogalamu ake owuma. Zina mwa mitundu yokongola, Vika Kashubian (Vicia cassubica L., yomwe imapezeka ku Scandinavia ndi Central Europe) imayenera kutchulidwa. Zomwe zimakhalapo zimakhala zowonongeka pang'ono, zomwe zimakhala zoposa 60 masentimita m'litali. Khalani ndi maonekedwe ofiira kapena oblongu. Kutaya maluwa ofiira ofiira amasonkhanitsidwa pamagulu a zidutswa 10 mpaka 15. Maluwawo amatha pachimake mkati mwa chilimwe. Zipatso zimapezeka pa mbewu imodzi kapena itatu yokhala ndi mpweya wofiira. Chomeracho sichimalekerera, chimayima kutentha mpaka -29 ° C.
Vicia amagwira L., kapena mbewa vetch, amakula ku USA ndi Eurasia. Zosatha zimakula mpaka masentimita 180. Masamba awiriwa amapangidwa ndi petioles, maofesi a nthambi amapangidwa kumapeto ena. Mattipu amakula mpaka mamita masentimita m'litali. Mapepalawa ali pafupifupi 0,6 masentimita m'lifupi ndi 3 masentimita yaitali ndipo amakula 6-15 awiriawiri m'litali, lal-lanceolate. Kuwala maluwa okongola a buluu kapena wofiirira amasonkhanitsidwa ku brushes axillary ya zidutswa 1-30. Corolla imakula mpaka 1.3 masentimita m'litali. Maluwa imakhala kuyambira June mpaka August. Zimatengedwa ngati uchi wabwino. Nyemba zimakula mpaka 2 cm m'litali, kukhala ndi chidule, oblong-rhombic mawonekedwe. Chomeracho ndi chisanu chopanda. 
Zina mwa mitundu yokongola ya chomera, ndizofunika kuwona Vika Fencing (Vicia sepium L.), zomwe zimafotokozera zomwe zikufanana ndi mitundu yapitayi. Chinthu chokhacho chimene chimasiya chimakula awiri awiri ndi awiri, ndipo maluwa okongola-ofiira amasonkhanitsidwa mu maburashi a zidutswa 2-6. Maluwa imakhala kuyambira June mpaka Oktoba. M'minda, amakula ndi Vika osakwatiwa (awiri a Vicia unijuga A. Braun). Amamanga zitsulo zambiri zimatambasulika mpaka masentimita 70 m'litali. Masamba a parotid ali ndi awiri okha. Buluu wokongola kapena maluŵa ofiira mpaka 1.5 masentimita m'litali amasonkhanitsidwa m'mabampu amitundu yambiri. Maluwa imakhala kuyambira June mpaka August. Zipatso zilibe kanthu, zosalala. Chomeracho chimatha kupirira kutentha mpaka -18 ° C.
Momwe mungabzalitsire Vika
Ngakhale vetch vetch ali ndi mitundu yambiri, kuwasamalira ndi ofanana. Koma masiku odzala amasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa zomera.
Tsiku lofika
Monga lamulo, ngati chomera chikufesedwa pa tirigu kapena chakudya, imbani kumapeto kwa April kapena kumayambiriro kwa May. Chitani izi limodzi ndi zomera zina kuti muzule kukula kwa namsongole. Pakuti m'dzinja kudyetsa zimabzalidwa m'munda wolimidwa pambuyo pokolola rye mu July. Vika amabzalidwa m'nyengo yozizira kumapeto kwa August, ndiye m'nyengo yamasika adzauka ndikukula asanadzalemo tomato ndi tsabola.
Ndikofunikira! Ndibwino kuti mubzala mbewu ndi zomera zina: chimanga, mpendadzuwa, tirigu, oats, balere. Zimathandizanso kuchepetsa zowawa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azisangalala komanso azisamalidwa.
Ndondomeko yobzala mbewu
Chomeracho chimafalikira ndi mbewu, zomwe zimafesedwa mozama pafupifupi 2 cm. Mzere wa mzere ukhale wochepa pang'ono kuposa masentimita 10. Komabe, chifukwa chokhazikitsa chomeracho sichidzakhala choipa. Amakula bwino pamodzi ndi cruciferous. Pankhani iyi, iwo akulimbikitsidwa kuti apite muyendedwe la checkerboard. Pamtunda, mbeu 2 kg ziyenera kufesedwa.
Ndikofunikira! Chomeracho sichiri chovomerezeka kuti chifesedwe mu manyowa atsopano, mwinamwake chikhoza kuthandizira. Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri chakudya chake.
Mphukira zoyamba ziyenera kumawoneka masabata angapo mutabzala, ndipo kuyambira tsiku lachisanu zikuyamba kuyamba kugwira ntchito. Maluwa oyamba amapezeka mwezi umodzi ndipo amatha mwezi umodzi. Kumapeto kwa maluwa patapita masabata anayi mbewu zimabuka. Malingana ndi zosiyana, nyengo yokula imakhala masiku 70 mpaka 120.
Momwe mungasamalire bwino Vika
Vika sichimangotengera malo apadera okha, komanso chisamaliro. Mwamsanga pamene mbeu yoyamba ikuwonekera, zomera zimalimbikitsa kudyetsa. Chakudya chotsatira chiyenera kuchitika pakupanga masamba. Panthawiyi, Vika akulimbikitsidwa kuti adye ndi kubisala m'nthaka. Izi kawirikawiri zimachitidwa ndi alimi. Chochitikacho chiyenera kukhala limodzi ndi kudya nthawi zonse. Kukonza kumachitika kamodzi kapena kawiri pa nyengo. Izi zimathandiza chomera kukhala bwino ndikudzaza ndi timadziti.
Choyamba, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa ngati pakufunika, koma nthawi yomwe mphukira ipangidwe, kuthirira kuyenera kuwonjezeka. Komabe, izi ziyeneranso kuchitidwa mosamala, popeza vetch imakula mofulumira pa nthaka yowonongeka.
Chomeracho sichinthu chofunikira pa nthaka, chikhoza kukhala chosabala, koma makamaka kuwala. Choposa zonse, Vika amamva calcium yochuluka. Chomeracho sichisamala kwenikweni tizirombo ndipo sichikudwala matenda aakulu. Nthawi zina pa nthawi zowuma zimatha kukumana ndi aphid.
Kuyeretsa wiki kwa hay
Ngati chomeracho chibzalidwa pa chakudya, ndiye kuti nthawi yoyenera kubzala ndiyo nthawi ya mapangidwe. Pa nthawiyi, phulusa, mapuloteni ndi zinthu zina zothandiza zimayikidwa m'mapesi ndi masamba.
Mukudziwa? Musanachedwe, fufuzani ngati chomeracho sichinayambe kapena kugwa. Pankhaniyi, ng'ombe zimadya izo mopanda mantha. Komanso, udzu wotero ndi woipa kwa mkaka wa ng'ombe, komanso kwa ng'ombe zomwe zingabweretse padera.
Momwe mungapezere mbewu za wiki
Pafupifupi 70-80% ya zipatso za wiki zimakhala bulauni, ndi nthawi yosonkhanitsa mbewu. Anthu okwana 10 a mbewu zambewu akhoza kuchotsedwa pa hekitala ya nthaka. Ngati mumadutsa gawo lino ndikusonkhanitsa mbeu pambuyo pake, chiwerengerochi chikhoza kuchepa. Makapulisi ambiri omwe amakula kwambiri amatha kusweka mosavuta, makamaka nyengo ya nyengo, yomwe imayambitsa mbewu. Mukasonkhanitsa zipatso kale, mudzalandira zokolola zosiyana siyana.
Zigawidwa mu magawo otsatirawa:
- mkaka - zipatso ndi zobiriwira;
- Sera yakumwa-bulauni;
- Sera - bulauni ndi zovuta;
- odzaza ndi bulauni kwambiri, ovuta.
Nthanga zazing'ono zimatha kukula, koma khalidwe lawo limakula kwambiri. Ali ndi zinthu zambiri zopindulitsa, choncho kumera kwa mwana wosabadwa sikuli bwino nthawi zonse. Mutatha kusonkhanitsa nyembazo, ziyenera kuuma ndi kucha. Pochita izi, amaikidwa pamalo otentha, otetezedwa ku dzuŵa. Ngati nthawi yokolola ikadzadutsa miyezi itatu, mutha kubzala mbeu yapamwamba kwambiri.
Zopindulitsa zamagulu (chifukwa cha nthaka)
Phindu lopindulitsa kwambiri la zomera ndilokuti limaphatikizapo nayitrogeni m'nthaka. Chomera ichi chimayamikira kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya a tuberous omwe amakhala pa rhizome yake. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake Vika ndi woyandikana nawo bwino zomera zomwe zimafuna kuti azitrogeni akhutire m'nthaka.
Mukudziwa? Kawirikawiri chomeracho chimakula kwa feteleza. Pakuti kasupe kakang'ono kameneka kamasakanizidwa ndi mpiru.
Zina mwa zinthu zothandiza zomwe muyenera kuzindikira:
- nthaka yabwino imamasulidwa chifukwa cha nthambi ndi mizu yakuya;
- kuteteza nthaka;
- kumalimbikitsa microflora yake;
- amamira namsongole;
- pokhala chonde chabwino cha uchi, amakopa tizilombo zambiri zomwe zimapunikira mungu komanso pafupi ndi zomera.
Monga momwe mukuonera, Vika ndi chomera chabwino komanso chodziwika bwino chomera. Ndikofunika kuthetsa dera lanu kuchokera kumsongole, kukula kwa chakudya cha ziweto, komanso, kumakhala ndi mtengo wokongoletsa kwambiri. Mu chisamaliro cha nandolo undemanding. Ziyenera kukhala zokwanira kuthirira, koma osati zodzazidwa, kangapo kudyetsedwa, kukonzedwa ndi kuchotsedwa pa webusaitiyi nthawi.
