Mitengoyi ndi ya mitengo yamtundu wa Pine. Kumtchire, amapezeka m'madera osiyanasiyana a Northern Hemisphere, kuchokera kumadera ozizira. Chilengedwe cha Fir ndi chosiyana kwambiri.
Kawirikawiri zimapezeka mu nkhalango zam'madzi, koma zimatha kukula komanso zosakaniza. M'nkhani ino mudzaphunzira zonse zomwe mukufunikira kuti mudziwe za fir pamene mukukula ku dacha.
Mukudziwa? Dzina la chomera ichi limachokera ku Germany. Dzinali la Chirasha limachokera ku mawu achijeremani Fichte (spruce).
Zolaula: kufotokozera za mbewu
Mtundu wa firusi siwambiri, mu mabuku omwe wina angapeze kufotokozera za mitundu 50. Manyowa ali ngati mitengo, kutalika kwake komwe kumatha kufika mamita 80, ndi zitsamba zosapitirira 50 cm.
Chomeracho chiri ndi mizu yamphamvu, yofunika kwambiri. Ngakhale fir ndi chomera chobiriwira, sichidzitamandira bwino chisanu chotsutsa. Kuwonjezera apo, sichimalola mpweya wouma, komanso utsi ndi gasi.
Makungwa a wamng'ono wa fir ndi ofewa ndi ofewa, ndi msinkhu umakhala wozengereza ndi wosweka. Chikhalidwe cha firiti sichikhoza kuchita popanda kufotokozera korona, yomwe imakhala ndi mawonekedwe omwe amayamba kuchokera pansi pa thunthu. Nthambi za zomera izi zimakonzedwa chaka ndi chaka.
Zitsulo zowononga ndizofewa, zonse, zochepa m'munsi. Mosiyana ndi zina zambiri zamtundu wina, chotupa chachabechabe sichimawonekera pazitsulo zafirusi m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo mikwingwirima yoyera imaoneka kuchokera pansi pa singano.
Madzi a firitsi aakazi ndi ozungulira kapena ovoid. Zitsanzo za amuna zimakhala ndi ma kondomu a ndolo. Mankhwala amatha kukula kuchokera ku mbewu, koma izi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri komanso nthawi yowonongeka, nthawi zambiri zomera izi zimakula pogwiritsa ntchito zipatso.
Mukudziwa? Mankhwalawa amamangirira, pamene anyani a conifers amatha.
Kutsekemera kumachitika ndi kuthandizidwa ndi mphepo. Wachikhalidwe mu chikhalidwe akhoza kukhala zaka mazana atatu pamalo amodzi. Kenaka, tikuyang'ana momwe tingamere chomera ichi m'deralo.
Momwe mungasankhire malo kwa fir
Chowongolera - osati chomera chopanda phindu, kulima kwake pansi pa mphamvu ya aliyense wamaluwa. Chomera chachikulu sichita mantha ndi mphepo, koma mitengo yaying'ono imakhala ndi mizu yomwe imapita mozama kwambiri, ndipo mphepo yamkuntho imatha kubzala mbewu kuchokera pansi. Choncho, nkofunika kuteteza chomera ku mphepo zamphamvu.
Kubzala bwino kumachitika masika, mu April, koma fir akhoza kubzalidwa mu theka loyamba la autumn.
Kuunikira kwa fir
Dzuwa lolimba lingawononge chomera, kotero penumbra ndi yabwino kwa fir. Kubzala kungatheke palimodzi m'magulu komanso payekha.
Kaya fir ikufuna nthaka
Kwa fir mulibe zofunikira zapadera pa nthaka, koma ndi bwino kusankha chonde. Chinthu chokha chomwe sichiri choyenera kwa nthaka ndi kuphulika kwa madzi.
Ndikofunikira! Ngakhale fir amakonda chinyezi, kuchepa kwake kuli koyipa kwa chitukuko cha chomera, kotero nthaka iyenera kuyamwa bwino.
Momwe mungabzalitsire fir ku dacha
Kubzala kwa firusi m'nyumba yake ya chilimwe ndi mphamvu ya aliyense, palibe chovuta pa izi.
Kenaka, timalingalira mwatsatanetsatane momwe tingakonzekerere dzenje lodzala ndi kudzala sapling.
Kukonzekera dzenje
Musanayambe kubzala firitsi, muyenera kumanga dzenje. Kukonzekera kuyenera kuyamba masabata angapo musanafike. Miyeso ya dzenje ikhale pafupifupi 60x60x60 masentimita, koma izi zikhoza kukhala zosiyana, malingana ndi kukula kwa mizu ya mmera.
Kenaka, muyenera kutsanulira zidebe zazing'ono zamadzi mu dzenje, kenako kukumba pansi pa dzenje ndi pafupi theka la bayonet wa fosholo ndikuyika njerwa yosweka kapena mwala wojambulidwa pamtunda pafupifupi 5 masentimita wandiweyani.
Kukonzekera nthaka yokha, muyenera kuwonjezera:
- Gawo limodzi la peat;
- Zidutswa zitatu za humus;
- Gawo limodzi la mchenga;
- Zidutswa ziwiri zadongo;
- 250 g ya nitrophobia;
- 10 kg wa utuchi.
Chiwembu chodzala chodzala
Mizu ya mmera imatsikira mu dzenje kuti mzu wazuwo ufike pamtunda.
Musanadzalemo mizu ya mmerayo iyenera kuwongoledwa. Mutabzala, dothi lakhala lopangidwa bwino, ndiyeno chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa.
Pofuna kumera mbeu, mtunda wa pakati pa mbande uyenera kukhala mamita 4-5, ndi kubzala magulu, mbande zikhoza kukhala pafupi (pafupifupi mamita atatu okwera ndi 2-2.5 m magulu akuluakulu).
Momwe mungasamalire fir m'dziko
Kusamalidwa kwalava ndi ndondomeko yosavuta. Sitikutengerani nthawi yochuluka, ndipo pobwerera mudzalandira mtengo wokongola kapena shrub.
Momwe mungadzamwe madzi otentha
Kuthirira mafuta sikungakhale kovuta, kupatulapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chinyezi. Amafuna kuthirira kangapo pa nyengo ngati nyengo yayuma. Mitundu yotsalirayo idzakhala ndi mvula yeniyeni yokwanira, sizidzasowa madzi okwanira.
Kudyetsa chakudya
Kudyetsa sikuyenera kuyambika kale kuposa zaka 2-3 mutabzala. Njirayi imachitika m'chaka, 100-125 g ya Kemira-chilengedwe chonse imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga feteleza mu thunthu la mtengo.
Kusamalira dothi
Kuti kukula kwa mbande musakumbukire kuti nthawi zonse muchotse namsongole ndikumasula nthaka. Kuchuluka kwa kutsekemera sikuyenera kupitirira 9-12 masentimita. Ndikofunikira kuti mulch awonongeke pamtengo. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito peat, chipila cha matabwa kapena utuchi, zomwe zimafalikira masentimita 6-8.
Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mulch samangokhala pafupi ndi khosi la mizu.
Zojambula zowongoka: momwe angapangire korona wa mtengo
Mwini wokha ali ndi maonekedwe okhwima, koma nthawi zina angafunike kupangidwanso. Njira zonsezi zikuchitika kumapeto kwa nyengo, kusanayambe kuyamwa kutaya. Ndilofunikira kuti muchotse nthambi zowonongeka ndi zowuma kwambiri.
Zowonongeka mobwerezabwereza
Kubereka kwa chomera ichi si vuto, chifukwa n'zotheka kukula fir kuchokera ku sprig. Phesi iyenera kukhala ndi maluwa a maluwa; Pa zaka 10 zoyambirira, mtedzawu amakula pang'onopang'ono, komabe ndondomeko ikufulumira.
Kubzala mbewu yafiritsi imakhalanso yowonongeka, monga chomera ichi chimakhala chopanda ulemu.
Mukudziwa? Nthawi zina nthambi zapafupi zimayendetsedwa ndi iwo okha, popanda kulowetsedwa kwa munthu. Mankhwalawa amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala enaake.
Matenda akuluakulu ndi matenda a fir
Wachiwopsezo akhoza kudwala ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe zimakhala ndi zina zotero. Kwa matenda a fungal, fir amachiritsidwa ndi yankho la mkuwa sulphate.
Kuyambira tizirombo timathera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pofuna kupewa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Fir - chomera chochititsa chidwi kwambiri, chodzala ndi kusamalira chimene sichimatenga nthawi yochuluka.
