Maranta, yomwe imapezeka m'madera otentha a ku Brazil, imayambitsa chidwi cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masamba komanso mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira. Monga chizindikiro choyamikila chisamaliro choyenera panyumba, chomera, ngakhale kawirikawiri, chimataya kunja. Ndipotu, zimakhala zosaoneka bwino komanso sizinali zokongola monga masamba a lanceolate omwe ali ndi mitsempha yeniyeni komanso mitsempha yambiri. Kuonjezera, osati maonekedwe awo okha, komanso khalidwe lawo likuwoneka. M'nkhani ino tidzakudziwitsani zonse zokhudza duwa la arrowroot: kuchokera ku nthano ndi zikhulupiliro zofunikira ndi zida.
Mukudziwa? Maluwawo anali ndi dzina lake lenileni kulemekeza dokotala wa Venetian wopezera mitundu yambiri ya mitundu yake. - Bartolomeo Maranta. Panthaŵi yomweyi, a British adatchedwa Pemphero la Pemphero, chomera chokhazikika cha nkhalango chochepa, chomwe chimatanthauza "chomera chopempherera". Ndipo zonse chifukwa cha masamba, omwe madzulo amafanana ndi manja opangidwa mu pemphero. Pakati pa Aslav, palinso malingaliro ena - "Malamulo Khumi", ndipo maonekedwe ake amapezeka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mawanga pa masamba.
Kodi ndi zinthu zotani zomwe zimapangidwira kuti muzitha kumenyana ndi nyumbayo?
Kuti maluwa a whimsical akhale omasuka m'nyumba yanu, samalani kutentha kwabwino, chinyezi ndi kuunika, musaiwale kuti muzitha kuzitsamba ndikuziika bwino. Maranta sakhululukira zolakwitsa pamene mukukula pakhomo, zomwe zimatanthauza kuti mukamakonda kwambiri ndikuzivutitsa, kuwala kumakhala kowala ndi masamba omwe ali ndi chic, koma ndibwino kuti muzitha kuzizira pang'ono - mbewuyo idzafa (sizomwe zili m'ndandanda wa Caprials). Komabe, musalole kuti izi zikuwopsyezeni. Ntchito yaikulu mu chisamaliro ndi kubweretsa malo akulima monga momwe mungathere pachikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe. Mukagwiritsa ntchito, mumaphunzira kukondweretsa kukongola.
Kuunikira
"Udzu wopempherera" uli ndi zofunikira zapadera, ndipo malo oikapo mphika, mumvetsetsa mwa kuyang'ana masamba ake. Kuyenda kwawo kumaphatikizapo zosiyana ndi maluwa okongola. Pakati pa chitukuko chokhazikika, zomera, madzulo komanso nyengo yamvula, masamba a arrowroot amawombera m'matumba, akukwera pang'ono, komanso m'mawa ndi dzuwa lowala kwambiri, amakhala otambasula kwambiri.
Ngati masamba akalewo amatumbululuka ndipo ayamba kufota, ndipo yatsopanoyo imakula, imataya juiciness ndipo imataya kwambiri, zikutanthauza kuti duwalo silingatheke chifukwa cha kuunika kopitirira. Ngakhale kutayika kwa puloteni pamasamba, kumenyedwa kwawo nthawi zonse, kumayankhula za kuunika kosauka.
Njira yoyenera yoika duwa ingakhale madiwindo akumpoto, kumene kuli mthunzi wa padera ndipo palibe kuwala komwe kumapanga dzuwa. Ngati izi sizingatheke, kumbali zakummawa ndi kumadzulo ndizovomerezeka. Nthawi zambiri, duwa likhoza kuikidwa pawindo, kwinakwake patebulo kapena pansi. Kulakwitsa kosayembekezereka kwa amalima ambiri a maluwa kumakhala chifukwa chakuti iwo amakankhira arrowroot m'makona akuda. Muzochitika zotero, izo sizingakhoze kukula ndi kuwonongeka.
Mukudziwa? Kuti zitsulo zikulire m'nyumba, malo abwino kuposa chipinda sangathe kupezeka. Kuwonjezera apo, pali lingaliro kuti chitsamba chimakopa ndalama kunyumba ndikuchiyeretsa mphamvu zosayera, kuteteza banja lonse.Maluwa amafunika mthunzi wa tsankho. Kuwala kosawoneka kungapangidwe mothandizidwa ndi nyali za fulorosenti, kupatula ngati iwo amagwira ntchito tsiku lililonse osachepera 14 mpaka 16 maola. Mwa njira, kuyatsa kwapangidwe kumapeza kufunika kuyambira November mpaka February, pamene kulibe kuwala kokwanira kapena kutentha kokwanira.
Kutentha kwakukulu
Mu chilengedwe chawo chachilengedwe, zomera zimakula mu kutentha ndi chinyezi. Choncho, kutentha kwakukulu kumakhudza kwambiri alendo otentha. Malire ovomerezeka ndi +15 ° C, ndipo ngati simukuthirira mbewu zambiri. Musakhululukire "udzu wopempherera" ma drafts, kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha ndi kutentha. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, amasangalala pa 22+ + 25 ° C, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, thermometer sayenera kugwera pansi pa ° ° ° ° ° C. Powonjezera kutentha, kufunika kowonjezera mvula kumapitirira.
Mmene mungasamalire arrowroot kunyumba
Masamba a chikhalidwe, nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati chizindikiro cha kulondola kwa kulima kwake. Choncho, nthawi zonse amapopera ndi kupukutidwa, ndipo ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti madzi samasiya malo osadziwika (ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito botolo la kutsitsi ndi burashi yofewa). Dziwani kuti, arrowroot ndi woimira osalimba wa zomera zomwe zimawonongeka mosavuta.
M'nyengo ya chilimwe, ndi bwino kutenga phokoso lamaluwa ku khonde, ndibwino kwambiri kumunda, koma osati dzuwa. Muyeneranso kuteteza chitetezo ku mphepo, kutentha kapena magetsi. Mphepo yatsopano ndi yofunika kuti mbeuyo ikhale yochuluka, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo ikhoza kuwonongedwa ndi kuyendayenda pafupi ndi msewu wotanganidwa.
Nthaŵi ndi nthawi chitsamba chiyenera kudulidwa. Mapesi owuma a inflorescence ndi nthiti zakufa samawoneka okongola. Choncho, amanyamulidwa mosamala ndi lumo lakuthwa, lomwe liyenera kutetezedwa kuti lisatetezedwe ntchito isanakwane. Komanso mubwere ndi mphukira zowonongeka kwambiri, kupotoza mawonekedwe a zobiriwira. Ndibwino kuti phindu la pachaka likhale la masamba 4 mpaka 6. Pokhala ndi zaka, arrowroot, ndithudi, idzatayika ndi kukongola kwa "tsitsi", koma vutoli likhoza kuthetsedwa mwa kudula.
Ndikofunikira! Ambiri amalima maluwa, kuti asawononge chikhalidwe chamakono, akulangizidwa kuti aswe mapesi ndi masamba asanafike. Mitundu ina ya arrowroot yamasamba maluwa pambuyo pa maluwa ndi hibernate kwa miyezi isanu.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Chofunikira chofunika kwambiri cha maluwa a arrowroot kunyumba ndiko kusakaniza dothi ndi mpweya. Ikhoza kuchitidwa nthawi imodzi kapena yosinthidwa. Kawirikawiri, zomera zozizira zimasowa madzi okwanira m'nyengo yozizira komanso yozizira m'nyengo yozizira. Onetsetsani kuti nthaka yopanda madzi siuma, koma simukuyenera kuyisandutsa chithaphwi. Pazochitika zonsezi, chikhalidwe chimayambitsa kudwala ndi kufa.
Madzi odzola ayenera kukhala ofewa, kutentha kwa firiji. M'nyengo yotentha, mungagwiritse ntchito thawed. Ngati mutenga madzi pampopi, chokani mu besiti kwa mausiku angapo kuti mukhazikike bwino.
Chiwerengero cha ulimi wothirira chimadalira nyengo ya kutentha yomwe ili ndi chipinda chamagulu. Alimi ena akulangizidwa kudzaza tereyesi pansi pa thanki ndi chomera ndi miyala kapena moss, ndipo pambuyo pake pathirira madzi pamenepo. Mwachibadwa, payenera kukhala dzenje pansi pa mphika.
Maranth yokongola amafunika kupopera mbewu tsiku lililonse. M'nyengo yozizira, pamene kutentha kwakukulu kapena zipangizo zina zotentha zimagwira ntchito m'nyumba, nyumbayi iyenera kubwerezedwa m'mawa ndi madzulo. Maluwa osalongosoka ndi kusamba kotentha kumapatsa mphamvu, ingokumbukirani kuti mukuphimba pansi mu mphika ndi chigamba cha polyethylene. Njirayi imalimbikitsidwa kamodzi pa mwezi, ndipo madzi sayenera kukhala otentha kuposa 40 ° C. Kumbukirani kuti m'chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wochuluka, njira zonse zowononga zimakhala zopanda pake, zomwe mungathe kudziwa kuchokera ku zouma za masamba.
Kupaka zovala ndi feteleza
Maranta yofooka imayamba kudyetsedwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndipo nthawi yowonjezera chakudya imayambira nthawi ya April mpaka August. Sungani chomera kamodzi pamwezi, ndikuwongolera organic ndi mineral zovuta feteleza. Zomalizazi zimapangidwira kuti zikhale zochepa.
Za zamoyo, feteleza yamtengo wapatali ndi manyowa a nkhuku. Lili ndi nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi magnesium zedi zofunika ku zomera. Zinthu zopindulitsa zimenezi zimatengedwa pang'onopang'ono. Komabe, nthawi zina, oyamba kumene amapanga zipangizo zam'madzi amawopa kuti awononge mchere komanso amadzagula maminiti okhaokha, kumamatira kuti athetse malangizo. Pamene mukukonzekera feteleza kuchokera ku chimbudzi cha nkhuku, nkofunika kulingalira zotsatirazi:
- Musagwiritsire ntchito manyowa atsopano ngati chakudya, chifukwa muli ndi uric acid, yomwe ingayatse mizu.
- Kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous, musiye zinyalala usiku kunja.
- Kukonzekera chakudya chamadzimadzi kumachepetsa chimbudzi chomwe chimasonkhanitsidwa ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1:20. Chisakanizocho chiyenera kukhala oposa sabata pa msewu. Musamatsanulire pansi pa mizu. Kuonjezerapo, pachiyambi ndikofunikira kuthirira mbewu zambiri ndi madzi wamba.
Ndikofunikira! Mtsinje wachinyamata umayenera kuikidwa tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi okhwima - zaka 2-3.
Momwe mungasinthire
Pakuika kwa arrowroot, kumapeto kwa nyengo akuyang'ana chida chosazama (masentimita angapo oposa kuposa omwe apita) ndikukonzekera gawo lapansi. Ngati palibe zofunika, mungagwiritse ntchito nthaka yogula kwa arrowroot. Kunyumba, zimakonzedwa kuchokera ku mchenga wambiri, munda wamaluwa ndi peat mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 3: 0.5. Ngati mukufuna, mukhoza kuwonjezera makala. Njira ina ndi kusakaniza mbali zofanana za humus, tsamba ndi peat ground.
Mosasamala kanthu komwe mungasankhe, dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira ndi lochepa pang'ono. Mukhoza kuyang'ana acidity ndi decoction yapadera: mu galasi la madzi otentha, masamba angapo a currant wakuda amavutitsidwa, ndipo ngati bwino atakokedwa ndi utakhazikika pansi, kuponyera mpira wochepa pamenepo. Onetsetsani kuti: Ngati mankhwalawa athandizidwa ndi madzi ochepa - nthaka ndi yosautsa, tinthaka yobiriwira imasonyeza malo osungira pang'ono, ndipo bluish imasonyeza kusalowerera ndale. Tsopano, pamene chirichonse chikonzekera kuti tizilumikizidwe, tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane momwe tingasinthire arrowroot. Choyamba, onetsetsani dothi losakanizika pansi pa mphika, mosamala mosakanikirana ndi dothi lamtundu wa tuber ndi rosette kuchokera ku tangi lapitayi ndikuwaza ndi gawo latsopano. Samalani kuti musawononge mizu. Pamapeto pa ndondomekoyi, sungani chomeracho ndikuchiwaza ndi botolo. Idzafuna chidwi chowonjezeka mpaka rooting.
Momwe mungayambire arrowroot kunyumba
Ntchitoyi imathandiza kwambiri pakubwezeretsa chitsamba. Poyang'ana masamba osakhwima a duwa, ambiri sazindikira ngakhale mosavuta arrowroot mu kubereka. (pali njira ziwiri, zonse zomwe zimapindula komanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri).
Kubalana ndi magawano
Kuti mupeze kachiwiri kachilombo kameneka, ndikwanira kuthetsa mbali ya muzu pamene mukusindikizidwa: Dothi la tuber limangodulidwa pakati ndipo limabzalidwa delenki m'zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Ngati zamasamba zidafalikira, zimathiriridwa ndi thumba la pulasitiki ndipo zimatumizidwa kumalo ozizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotentha. Pamene chitsamba chikupita kukula, chitetezeni chotsalira, kupitiliza kupopera masamba.
Ndikofunikira! Zidzatenga mwezi umodzi kuti muzule kamwana kakang'ono ka arrowroot.
Kubalana ndi cuttings
Njira imeneyi imakhudza anthu ambiri, koma chifukwa cha nambala ya mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri m'mayunivesite osiyanasiyana, zikhoza kutheka kuti pali kusowa kwa chidziwitso kumbali iyi. Zambiri za sayansi zakhala zikulembedwera kale momwe zingapangire arrowroot cuttings, koma kuti tisalowe m'mawu a sayansi, timangozindikira kuti lusoli ndi losavuta komanso lofikira aliyense.
Kubzala zinthu zomwe zimachokera ku mphukira pachaka m'chilimwe kapena m'dzinja (kudula mphukira ayenera kukhala ndi masamba 4). Kenaka, kwa miyezi yambiri amaika m'madzi, ndipo pamene mizu ikuwonekera, zidutswazo zimakula kwambiri masentimita 6 mu gawo lapansi, kukonzekera komwe tanena pamwambapa. Kusamaliranso kwa mphika wachinyamatayo ndi chimodzimodzi pogawa magawo a rhizomes.
Kuthetsa kuthekera kwa mavuto pamene mukukula arrowroot
Musakayikire nkomwe: zolakwika zochepa mu chisamaliro zidzakhala zoonekeratu. Kuwoneka kwa "udzu wopemphera" nthawi zambiri kumawonongeka chifukwa cha zinthu zosayenera zomwe zimabweretsa matenda. Kuwonjezera pa maranth ndi yovuta kwambiri kwa tizirombo. Chikondi chake kuti adziwe "kang'anga", tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nthawi zambiri amatenga mkati mwa pepala lonselo. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi mpweya wouma mkati.
Polimbana ndi mavairasi owopsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ali ndi mbiri yabwino. Kunyumba, mungayesetse kusamba masamba omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino komanso opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la sopo komanso fodya wochepa. Komabe, pitirizani kusamala kwambiri kuti musataye osatha. Processing zomera ndi wosweka sulfure limathandizanso. Patapita maola 2-3 mutha kuika mphika pansi pa madzi ozizira. Khalani okonzeka: zonsezi ziyenera kubwerezedwa kangapo, mpaka misala yodedwayo itatha. Pali milandu pamene simungathe kusunga kopi.
Pofuna kupewa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, matenda a arrowroot komanso kupewa chithandizo chotheka, kuwonjezera kutentha kwa mlengalenga ndi kuthirira nthaka.
Pambuyo pake, mizu idzayamba kuvunda, yomwe idzawoneka ngati maatodes. Mudzaphunzira za izi mwa maphunziro pa masamba a bulauni malo. Chipulumutso chidzangowononga zowonongeka pa moyo. Ndikofunika kupanga magawo ndi potaziyamu permanganate. Pambuyo pake, mizuyo imatha kuikidwa mu nthaka yatsopano ndikupitiriza kutsatira madzi okwanira.
Mukawona kuti muviwo wataya masamba, musatope ndi lingaliro "choti muchite?". Poyamba, yang'anani poto ndikuyang'anitsitsa tizirombo. Ngati simukupeza kanthu, samverani kuunikira. Kumapezeka pafupi ndi batiri kapena dzuwa dzuŵa maluwa amasuntha nthawi yomweyo. Komabe, panthawi imodzimodziyo, chinyezi chochuluka, kuuma ndi mdima wandiweyani ndizophanda pake.
Samalani masamba:
- Ngati amapotoza ndikuyamba kugwa - kuwonjezera chinyezi;
- zouma ndi zofiira pa nsonga - kuwonetsa ulimi wothirira, pakhoza kukhala chinyezi kapena kuchepa;
- Anakhala wachikasu ndipo amatha pang'ono - madzi nthawi zambiri;
- anatayika chithunzicho ndipo adapeza mtundu wosawoneka wotayika - konzekerani mphika mumthunzi wache.
Mukudziwa? Mizu ya mitundu ina ya arrowroot imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonzekera ufa wathanzi.Kaŵirikaŵiri, pamene maranth amamwalira, osadziŵa choti achite ndi momwe angapulumutsire, alimi amamalonda amatulutsa chitsamba chamtunduwu ndipo kenaka amakana kukula mbewu, poganiza kuti sangathe kuthana ndi zovuta zonse zakutentha. Musathamangire kuganiza. Ndichisamaliro choyenera, "udzu wopempherera" adzakudabwitseni ndikukondweretsani ndikusokonezani ndi mitundu yake.
