Mahatchi apamwamba samadziŵika monga zosangalatsa zachilengedwe. M'malo mwake, ndizofunika kokongoletsa nyumba, ofesi kapena alpine. Komanso, mitundu ina ya nyama imasinthidwa kwambiri kuti ikhale yoweta. Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, zozizwitsa za chikhalidwe zakhala zopangidwa ndi nthano ndi zikhulupiriro. Ndipo zikhulupiriro zafika masiku athu mu mphamvu yake yamatsenga ndi machiritso. Ena, m'malo mwake, amanena za poizoni wa mbewu. Tidzakuuzani ngati n'zotheka kukula fern kunyumba, zomwe zimakonda ndi zomwe zimawopa.
Mukudziwa? Anthu a ku China amakono ndi ma Koreya ochokera ku mitundu ina ya ferns akukonzekera saladi, poganizira kuti chomera chimapatsa mphamvu yamphongo.
Fern Room: ndemanga
Mafamu ndi zomera zakale kwambiri. Padziko lapansi, iwo adabwerera m'mbuyo nthawi imeneyo, pamene dinosaurs adayendayenda m'nkhalango zakale. Masiku ano, mitundu yofanana ndi mitengo, udzu, mlengalenga, m'madzi amapezeka m'madera ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, nthawi zambiri m'madera ambiri, m'malo odyera komanso m'madera otentha. Kukula kwa chikhalidwe kumalimbikitsidwanso ndi alimi a maluwa, kudutsa fern m'manja ndi manja, kuchokera ku continent kupita ku lina. Ndipo obereketsa asamalira chisanu kukana wa yokongola zitsamba, kotero kuti perennials akhoza kukhala wamkulu pamsewu popanda Thirani m'nyengo yozizira.
Mu gulu la zomera la ferns muli ndi dipatimenti yonse. Masiku ano, asayansi amadziwa mtundu wa chikhalidwe cha 300 ndi mitundu 10,000 ya mitundu yawo. Koma mwazinthuzi, ndizochepa chabe zomwe zimafika bwino kunyumba. Ndipo palibe nyumba ya fern yomwe silingathe kupulumuka chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chinyezi ndi chisamaliro. Mu maofesi ndi nyumba nthawi zambiri zimakula nephrolepis, zomwe zimadzera ku America. 
Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kodabwitsa, duwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomera chimodzi. Amalowa mkati ndikumenyana ndi juiciness wa masamba ophimba, omwe amwazikana kuchoka kumtunda womwe uli pansi pa mathithi. Pofotokozera chikhalidwe mu mabuku asayansi kwa ferns, monga lamulo, musagwiritse ntchito mawu oti "masamba". Amatchulidwa kuti "wyayas" kapena "tsamba lamasamba", chifukwa mwachitsanzo, mu nephrolepis, mphutsi imodzi ili ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku nyongolosi. Mitundu ina imamereranso kunyumba: ndi lanceolate, masamba ang'onoang'ono ozungulira ndipo amafanana ndi holly.
Zomera zimakonda kwambiri m'nyumba za floriculture, anthu ambiri amadziwa zomwe fern amawoneka. Mosiyana ndi nthano, zomwe zimachititsa kuti Ivan Kupal akhale wolimba mtima usiku wonse kuti adule maluwa a fern, kotero kuti amapatsa mwini wake mphamvu zamphamvu, akatswiri amati botolo sichimasintha. Koma ngakhale izi sizikutaya chikhalidwe cha zokongoletsera.
Mukudziwa? Fern ndi pafupi zaka 400 miliyoni. Iye anawonekera mu nthawi ya Devoni ya nyengo ya Paleozoic.
Nkhani yokhudza poizoni ya mitundu ina ya zomera imayambitsa alimi a maluwa a novice, akukayika kukayikira: kaya maluwa a fern kunyumba ayenera kusungidwa kunyumba, ndi owopsa. Kafukufuku wa sayansi adzathetsa chisankho ichi, chifukwa chachitika kuti chipinda cha fern chimasokoneza zida zoopsa zomwe zimachokera ku zipangizo zamakono ndi zomangamanga, formaldehydes, komanso kutenga mphamvu zolakwika. Kotero inu mukhoza kupeza mwachindunji msonkhano wonse. Adiantum, asplenium, tsirtrium, golide polypodium ndipo ndithudi nephrolepis ayenera kukhala okondweretsa mmenemo.Kumene mungapeze fern kunyumba
Mitengo imeneyi ndi yopanda nzeru kwambiri. Nephrolepis amaonedwa kuti ndi chipinda chosadzichepetsa kwambiri cha chipinda cha fern ndipo chimasinthidwa kuti chisamalire kunyumba. Ikhoza kukula mmawisi apachika, pawindo kapena pazitsulo za pansi. Maluwawo amafunika malo, mumthunzi wake wamadzi wambiri, kupachikidwa pansi kumatha kuswa, kupotoka kumalo osangalatsa komanso kutaya zokongoletsera. Ngati mulibe malo ambiri m'nyumbayi, ndibwino kuganizira zomwe zinasungidwa kuti musakhudze tsamba lofiira ngati mukuyenda.
Mitengo yambiri imatenga mpweya woipa wochuluka, m'malo mwake imapatsa oksijeni m'malo mwake. Chifukwa chake, mu zipinda zoterezi zimakhala zabwino komanso zopuma. Malingana ndi nephrolepis iyi ndi bwino kuika ku khitchini kapena m'chipinda chokhalamo. Ingokumbukira: mu zipinda zodzaza ndi utsi, maluwa sadzakula. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati pali chifukwa china palibe khwando m'khitchini, ndi bwino kusuntha mphika kupita kumalo ena. Pa zomera zonse zomwe zimakula, fern imachitika mu penumbra m'chilimwe. Ndipo ngati izi sizingatheke, nthawi ndi nthawi mumaloza nyumba, kulola mpweya wabwino kuthamangira ku chomera.
Kutentha kwakukulu ndi chinyezi kwa fern
Ngati nsonga za masamba anu aang'ono zimakhala zachikasu ndipo mitengo yam'madzi imayamba kuphulika kwambiri, ndibwino kuwonjezera chinyezi mu chipinda. Pofuna kupewa izi, chomera nthawi zambiri chimatulutsidwa ndi madzi, ndipo nthawi yotentha imachoka pa batri.
Ndikofunikira! M'nyengo yozizira, kuti awonjezere chinyezi, olima maluwa odziwa bwino maluwa amaika matayala amadzimadzi pa mabatire kapena mudzaze tereyiti ndi masamba obiriwira, ikani mphika pamphete wodzaza ndi madzi ndi wokuta.
Mlengalenga sayenera kukhala wouma. Chikhalidwe sichimalola kutentha. Pakhomo pake ndi ofunda, koma osati otentha, mvula yambiri komanso yotentha, koma osati dzuwa. Kutentha kwabwino kwa fern m'nyumba ndi pakati pa madigiri 15 ndi 22. Pansi chizindikiro pa thermometer, chimakhala chinyezi. Ndizochitika kuti maluwa amkati amatha kuyima kutentha mpaka madigiri 10 Celsius ngati alibe nthaka yonyowa. Koma zovuta zoterezi zidzawonetsedwa pa chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe mwa kuvunda kwa mizu ndi kuwonongeka kwa "kapu". Kuphatikiza apo, ngati muli ndi nephrolepis pa kutsika pansi pa madigiri 15, nthawi yopumula siidzafika kwa iye, maluwawo adzayamba pang'onopang'ono. Kusamba kwanthawi ndi nthawi kumathandiza kwambiri.
Mipukutu yachinyamata, osati yowonjezereka ikhoza kuikidwa pawindo lazenera - ndizokwanira. Okhwima okhwima sangakhale osasangalatsa chifukwa cha pang'onopang'ono.
Chiyenera kukhala kuunikira kotani
Chikhalidwe chimakonda kuwala kwambiri. Mukaika mphika mu dzuwa, chomeracho chidzataya juiciness ndi mtundu wokwanira. Mapepala a Nephrolepis adzawoneka ngati pulasitiki owuma. Choncho, yikani poto ikulimbikitsidwa pafupi ndiwindo. Ngati chipinda chanu chikuyang'anizana ndi dzuŵa, mazenera ayenera kubisala kapena kuchititsa khungu. Fern sayenera kuyikidwa kumbali yamdima - mumthunzi mbewuyo idzaleka kukula ndipo posachedwapa idzafa. Madera akum'maŵa ndi kumpoto, omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi mzika ya alendo, ali angwiro: mthunzi wa padera ndi dzuwa.
M'mabwalo a malo ofesi ndi malo akuluakulu a hotelo, kusowa kwa kuwala kwachilengedwe kumalipidwa ndi nyali zam'mawa, zomwe zimagwira ntchito osachepera 14-16 maola patsiku.
Momwe mungabzalitsire fern (nephrolepis) kunyumba
Ngati mwasankha kupeza Nephrolepis, wokongola kwambiri, amene mphukira zake zidzatseka posachedwa ndipo zidzatambasula kwambiri mmwamba ndi m'kati mwake, gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko zopangira nyumba:
- Musanadzalemo, yang'anani mosamala fula la fern. Sitiyenera kukhala tizilombo, chifukwa n'zosatheka kuchotsa mlingo wa nephrolepis.
- Onetsetsani kuti kachilomboka kali ndi mizu yolimba komanso yolimba.
- Mukagula m'sitolo, sankhani chitsanzo chomwe chili ndi zaka 2-3, chifukwa zomera zazing'ono zisanafikepo ndipo sizikugwirizana ndi zikhalidwe zatsopano.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti mazira a rooting asapitirire osapitirira 1.5 - miyezi iwiri.
Kusankha mphamvu ndi kukonzekera dothi kubzala
Miphika imakhala ndi miphika yopanda kanthu. Poyamba akhoza kukhala ochepa, koma amayenera kulingana ndi kukula kwa mizu. Mu chomera chachikulu kwambiri nthawi zambiri chidzapweteka, ndipo chaching'ono chidzaleka kukula. Khalani okonzeka kuti pamene chomera chikukula chiyenera kuikidwa mu chidebe chachikulu. Zidzakhala zozungulira, popanda m'mphepete mwa mphika, chifukwa pamene mukuwombera kuchokera ku mphika wotereko zidzakhala zosavuta kuwoloka phulusa.
Pofuna kukula maluwa, akatswiri amalangiza miphika ya dongo, yomwe imalola mizu kukhala "yopumira" ndipo siimatulutsa zinthu zoopsa kwa anthu. Musamaope mantha awo akunja - posakhalitsa masamba obiriwira adzatseka chidebecho. Miphikayi ndi yaikulu komanso yosasunthika, kotero imatha kugwira maluwa. Zovuta zawo ndikuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kulowa muzu ndi mpweya.
Nthaka ya fern imakonzedwa molingana ndi njira yofala kwambiri: Sakanizani mbali imodzi ya peat, humus, tsamba kapena sod ndipo muwonjezerepo fupa limodzi la mafupa. Mbali ya pansiyi iyenera kukhala yowonongeka ndi yosungunuka, yowawasa pang'ono. Kwa chikhalidwe, pH mlingo wa 5 - 6.6. Kuti madzi mumphika asapitirire, mpira wa dongo wowonjezera umaikidwa pansi.
Kugulitsa nthaka yosiyanasiyana kwa ferns. Ngati simungathe kukonzekera gawo lapansi, mukhoza kuligula.
Momwe mungabzalitsire nkhumba
Nthawi yoyenera kwambiri yobzala ndikumapeto. Ngati mutachita izi mu kugwa, nephrolepis idzapweteka ndi kutenga nthawi yaitali kuti igwire. Ndikofunikira pa ntchito kuti isasokoneze mfundo yakukula komanso kuti isasatseke ndi gawolo. Musanabzala fern, muyenera kuthirira bwino, ndiyeno pang'onopang'ono muike chodekeracho muzakonzedwe ndikukonza dziko lapansi. Pambuyo pake, sungani madzi ndikupangitsanso malo ozizira. Za momwe tingasamalirire zapakhomo zapakhomo panyumba, ife tikufotokoza pansipa.
Ndikofunikira! Mitundu yakale imatulutsa timitengo tating'onoting'ono. Pofuna kubwezeretsa chomera, muyenera kuchotsa mosamala zouma ndi lumo, popanda kuwononga thanzi lanu.
Ovomerezeka olima maluwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi funso: kodi mtundu wa abambo umakhala bwanji? Kutchire, izi zimachitika mothandizidwa ndi spores, zomwe zimawoneka m'chilimwe kumbuyo kwa masamba. Kunja, amawoneka ngati mabala obiriwira a bulauni. Kutsekemera, spores kuchoka ndi kugwa pansi, kumene iwo mizu panthawi. Kuti ukhale ndi mphukira yaing'ono yofooka, zimatenga nthawi yochuluka. Komanso, mikangano si nthawi zonse yoyenera kumera. Kunyumba, njira iyi siyikuchitika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri okhaokha.
Musanayambe kubzala fern, gawo lokonzekera bwino limatha. Choyamba, chotsani mosamala mbewu yakukhwima ndi mpeni, ndikukusonkhanitsa pamapepala. Kenaka kachidutswa kakang'ono kadzaza ndi madzi ndi nthaka (ndi bwino kutenga pulasitiki imodzi ndi chivindikiro), gawo lapansi limathirira bwino ndipo mbewu imalowetsedwa mmenemo. Chophimbidwa "wowonjezera kutentha" chimayikidwa pamalo ofunda ndi kuunika kosauka ndi kuwonetseredwa bwino. Pambuyo pa miyezi itatu, pamene mphukira idzawoneka, chidebecho chimatumizidwa pawindo, nthawi zonse kuchotsa chivundikirocho. Mphukira zowonjezereka sizingaphimbidwe konse, zimayenera kudulidwa ndi mtunda wa masentimita awiri mpaka 2.5 kuchokera pamzake.
Njira yosavuta komanso yopambana yoperekera ferns ndiyo kugawidwa kwa rhizomes. Ngakhalenso zatsopano zimatha kuzigwira. Kuti tipeze zomera zingapo kuchokera kumodzi, kumayambiriro kwa masika mizu ya fern yaikulu yokhwima imadulidwa mu zigawo zingapo. Onetsetsani kuti mulandu uliwonse uli ndi malo omwe akukula. Chinthu chaching'ono chidzafuna chisamaliro chowonjezereka ndi chidwi chenicheni.
Ndikofunikira! Kusiyanitsa fern yachitsamba kuchokera ku chitsamba cha mayi, musagwedeze nthaka kuchokera ku mizu. Apo ayi, nyongolosiyo idzapweteka ndi kuphuka mizu. Muyenera kukhala ndi comas awiri padziko lapansi ndi zomera mkati.
Kuswana kwa Fern
Ena mafani a m'nyumba floriculture, poyankha funso la momwe ferns amachulukira, kuwonjezera njira ina. Kuti mutanthauzire, mufunikira chikhalidwe cha ma mustache chobiriwira. Kuwerama pansi, amawonjezeredwa motero kuti nsonga imatuluka ndipo pakati imapita pansi kwambiri ndi 8 mm. Patadutsa milungu iŵiri, pokhapokha ngati gawoli lidawongolera, mizu yatsopano idzawonekera, ndipo pambuyo pake padzakhala mphukira zazing'ono. Chomera cholimba chokhala ndi wyaias 3 - 4 chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kholo ndikubzala mu mphika wosiyana. 
Mutabzala kapena kuthira chomera, m'pofunika kuteteza dothi kuti liwume ndi kuchepetsa kutentha kwa mpweya.
Zomwe zimasamalira ferns kunyumba
Musanayambe kusamalira fern, muzikumbukira zomwe mukufuna. Iwo si osiyana kwambiri ndi zomera zina. Choyamba, chiweto chanu chimafuna chinyezi chokwanira mu chipinda, chomwe chimaperekedwa ndi boma lovomerezeka ndi kutsekemera kwa masamba. Kudyetsa nthawi, kuyatsa bwino, kuthirira moyenera komanso kupewa tizilombo. Ngati mukuchita chinachake cholakwika, maluwa osadziŵika bwino amakudziwitsani nthawi yomweyo: akhoza kutayika, ataphimbidwa ndi "dzimbiri" kapena poipa kwambiri, kutaya masamba.
Momwe mungamwetsera ndi kupopera fern
Mwinamwake izi ndizo zikuluzikulu za zomera zamkati zamaluwa. Madzi nephrolepis ayenera kukhala chizindikiro choyamba cha kuyanika kwa dothi pamwamba pa mphika. Iyenera kukhala yothira pang'ono, popanda chinyezi chowonjezera. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kutentha (kutenga thawed, mvula, kapena pompu, koma mutakhazikika). Kumbukirani, muyeso yonse yofunikira. Ngati chitsamba chikutsanulidwa, mizu yake idzatha. Momwemonso mumataya kutaya fern ngati mumasefukira zowonongeka. Onaninso momwe mungayambitsire madziwa ngati masamba omwe ali ndi chikasu ali odulidwa ndi kuchepetsedwa. Kawirikawiri izi ndizochitika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chinyezi.
Mukudziwa? M'thupi lathu, pakati pa mazira a poizoni, chithokomiro chimadziwika, chomwe chimachokera ku gluroglucins. Komabe, chomeracho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala kuti akonze mankhwala osakanikirana.
M'nyengo yozizira, muzipinda zotentha mtedza umathiriridwa nthawi zambiri monga chilimwe. Kupopera mbewu kumachitiranso kangapo patsiku. M'nthawi ya chilimwe ndi nyengo yachisanu, ulimi wothirira pa tsiku ndi wokwanira. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, madzi ayenera kupopedwa kuti apite kwathunthu ku frond. Pa kutentha kwa mpweya wa 15-19 digrii Celsius, njira zamadzi zimatha kuchitidwa osachepera 2-3 pa sabata. Kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kunkachitika panthawi imodzi kapena panthawiyo.
Malamulo oyambirira odyera chipinda cha fern
Maonekedwe osasamala a fern ovuta amakhalanso ndi chakudya chokwanira. Nthawi yachisanu-yotentha ndi yabwino kudyetsa. Kachiwiri pa mwezi, tsitsani mphika womwe uli ndi madzi osakaniza ndi fetereza. Zomwe zimapangidwanso: chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe amapangidwa ndi feteleza amathandiza kwambiri nkhuku manyowa. Kuti asapitirire kuchulukana ndi kusatentha khungu, olima amaluwa amalangiza kuti asungunuke nkhuku ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1:50. Ngati kusakaniza kwasakaniza kukufunika, kuchuluka kwa madzi kumawonjezereka.
Kwa chitsamba chooneka bwino, chotukuka bwino, chovala chokwera pamwamba pamwezi ndikwanira. Manyowa amathiridwa mumabowo opangidwa m'nthaka, zomwe zimagwirizanitsa.
Zomwe zimapangidwira fern
Duwa silikusowa nthawi zonse. Chosowa chake chimawoneka pamene chiwonongeko chikukula. Monga lamulo, izo zimachitika mu kasupe, kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokula. Mphamvu zatsopano zowonjezera ziyenera kukhala zazikulu 3-5 masentimita kuposa kale. Ngati mutabzala zomera zathanzi, samalani kuti musamavulaze mizu. Akukula, amavala matope a dothi, choncho palibe chifukwa choti agwedeze nthaka yakale. Dulani chovalacho ndi dziko lapansi ndikubzala pansi pa mphika yomwe imayikidwa ndi madzi, ndikuphimba pansi ndi kuthira bwinobwino.
Ndikofunikira! Mu nyengo yabwino, fern imakula mwezi uliwonse ndi 10 - 15% m'lifupi ndi mmwamba.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi Nephrolepis
Fern ndi yovuta kwambiri kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda. Koma ngati mumamusamala bwino, palibe chomwe chingamuopseze. Nthawi zambiri pamene akukula Nephrolepis, amalima a maluwa amakumana ndi mavuto awa:
- Masamba ofiira - umboni wa matenda opatsirana a mizu.
- Achinyamata, osakwanika masamba amasanduka chikasu - nkhanambo pamtunda.
- Mtundu wa masamba ndi kugwa kwa masamba zimasonyeza mpweya wouma. Chilengedwechi chimapangitsa kuti chitukuko chikhale chitukuko pa masamba a nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata zamatsenga, ziphuphu, ndi thrips.
- Kukula kochepa kwa mphukira ndi mitundu yosautsa - chikhalidwe sichitha kukula chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe amapezeka m'nthaka. Pofuna kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiyambe kuzunzika mbewu yanu, zitha kuthira madzi ozizira kamodzi.
- Ngati mutayamwa ndi kuthirira kapena kutseka mphamvu ya kutentha, kuzungulira imvi kudzayamba.
