Masiku ano n'zovuta kupeza chiwembu chomwe sichitha. nandolo Aliyense amadziwa za kukoma ndi phindu la chikhalidwe ichi, chifukwa chake akulu ndi ana amawakonda kwambiri. Komanso, monga ng'ombe, imakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri, omwe ndi ovuta kwambiri kukumba. Mwatsopano, nyemba zobiriwira zimaphatikizapo ma vitamini B, PP, C, carotene, phosphorous, iron, ndi lysine. Kwa anthu omwe amadwala matenda a mtima, kugwiritsa ntchito nandolo ndilofunikira, makamaka popeza kulima kwa mbewuyi sikufuna malo ambiri (akhoza kubzalidwa pamphepete mwa mpanda). Nkhaniyi ikupereka malamulo othandizira kusamalira nthanga ndi kubzala..
Pea: khalidwe la chikhalidwe
Ambiri akudabwabe: ali nyemba nyemba kapena ayi? Iye kwenikweni ali wa banja la legume, zina zambiri ndi zolakwika. Mapesi a nthambi amafika 250 masentimita. Phesi ndi dzenje ndipo masambawo ndi ovuta, ovuta. Kuwombera, komwe kuli mazinthu, kumamatira ku chithandizo, ndipo motero chikhalidwecho chikhalebe pamalo abwino. Mzu wa pea uli ndi zozama kwambiri. Maluwawo amakhala oyera, koma amawonekedwe ofiira. Chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zodzipangira mungu, zimadutsa masiku 45-55 mutabzala. Poyamba mitundu ya nandolo, pa maluwa oyamba mukhoza kuona mapepala 7-8, ndi masamba 24 - m'mitundu yotsatira.
Masiku awiri aliwonse pali mapesi atsopano. Makhalidwe sangathe kuchita popanda kufotokoza za chipatso. Iwo ndi nyemba, ndipo malingana ndi zomera zosiyanasiyana, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana ndi mtundu. Nyemba zili ndi makwinya khumi kapena khumi kapena khumi, ndipo mtundu wawo ndi wofanana ndi peel ya pod. Pa kukula kwa chomera, mabakiteriya othandiza amapanga mizu yake, ndipo nayitrogeni imawonekera, yomwe imagwira nyemba m'mlengalenga (izi zimadyetsa nthaka).
Kusankha malo oti chodzala nandolo m'munda
Nandolo ndizofunika kwambiri pa malo obzala, kotero kulima mbewuyi kuyenera kuyambika ndi kusankha kwake. Mukasankha malo, muyenera kumvetsera nthaka, oyandikana nawo zomera, kuyatsa, kutentha, ndi nyengo.
Mkhalidwe wa chikhalidwe cha kukula kwa nandolo
Kuti chomera chikhale bwino, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa mikhalidwe yabwino. Chomeracho chimakonda kwambiri chinyezi, kuti mbeu yogawanika ipitirire, ndipo panali mphukira zaubwenzi, nandolo ziyenera kubzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa dothi lonyowa. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphepo, zomera zimakula mofulumira ndipo zokolola zimakula. Panthawi ya budding ndi maluwa, chinyezi ndizofunika kwambiri. Ngati madzi akusowa, zomera zimatulutsa mazira ndi maluwa.
Komabe, nandolo sizikonda ngati madzi apansi ali apamwamba kwambiri. Iye ali wokonzeka kupirira chilala chochepa, chifukwa mizu yolimba ya nandolo imagwiritsa ntchito chinyezi kuchokera ku dothi lakuya. Nandolo ndi yopanda kutentha ndipo mbewu zimamera kutentha kwa 5 ° С. Mbewu imatha kulekerera chisanu mpaka -6 ° С, ndipo kutentha kwapamwamba kwa mapangidwe a chomera chomera ndi 13 ... + 15 ° С, kukula kwa nyemba - kuyambira +17 mpaka + 22 ° С.
Mtundu wotani umakonda nandolo
Pea imakonda pamene nthaka ikuyendetsedwa bwino komanso yokwanira. Ngati dothi losankhika lodetsedwa ndi lowawa, ndiye choyamba chofunika kuti liime. Izi zidzafuna 300 g wa hydrated laimu kapena 400 g ufa wa dolomite pa 1m². Malo abwino odzala adzakhala olemera kwambiri a humus, komanso aumuna bwino, nthaka yonyowa.
Okonda anzako abwino kwambiri
Musanabzala mbewu za nyemba, kumbukirani kuti mbeu zam'mbuyomo zomwe zinamera pamalo amodzi, zimakhudza kwambiri mbeu. Ndi bwino kudzala mbewu zomwe zatchulidwa pambuyo pa mbatata, kaloti, beets, nkhaka, tomato, ndi maungu.
Ndikofunikira! Mwachitsanzo, nyemba zina, nyemba, mphodza, soya, mtedza, kubzala nandolo m'dera lino sizothandiza.
Nyerere sayenera kubwezeretsedwa kumalo komwe idakula chaka chatha, popeza kuti pangakhale mpata waukulu kuti zomerazo zidzakhudzidwe ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, choncho, masiku otheka a kubzala nthanga kumalo omwewo si kale kuposa zaka 3-4.
Zomwe zimabzala nandolo ku nyumba yawo yachisanu
Pofuna kulima bwino nandolo, ndipo adabweretsa zokolola zambiri, choyamba muyenera kuchita ntchito yokonzekera. Zimaphatikizapo kukonzekera nthaka, kukonzekera mbewu ndi kubzala zokha.
Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji dothi lodzala nandolo?
Pokonzekera dothi, liyenera kuyamba kuthiridwa bwino ndi kuthirira bwino, komanso loyambitsanso musanayambe kubzala. Komanso m'nthaka m'pofunika kupanga pulasitiki ndi masentimita 6, ndikuyendetsa mtunda wa pakati pa mabedi 20 cm.
Ndikofunikira! Kulima nthawi ya nandolo sikukhala ndi zoletsera zovuta, koma olima amodzi amalimbikitsanso kuti azidzala mbewu zikadzalowa m'nyengo yotentha, ndiko kuti, pafupi ndi May.
Kukonzekera nandolo yobzala
Musanabzala mbewu muyenera kudziwa momwe mungasankhire mbeu za nandolo. Ganizirani kuti mbewu zokhazokha ndizofunika kuti mubzala. Zowopsya, odwala komanso odzaza ndi mtola weevil sitiyenera kubzalidwa.
Mukudziwa? Kuti mukhale ndi mwayi wosankha mbewu zapamwamba kwambiri, zikhoza kuikidwa mu mankhwala a saline ndikusankha zokhazokha zomwe zatsikira pansi. Njira ya saline ndi yosavuta: supuni 1 ya mchere kwa madzi okwanira 1 litre.
Popeza musanadzale muyenera kumera mbeu za nandolo, muyenera kuchita zina zosavuta. Pambuyo posankha mbewu, ziyenera kuviikidwa m'madzi otentha ndi kusiya kuti zidzipumire kwa maola 16, kusintha madzi maola atatu. Pambuyo poyambitsa mbewu, zimakhala zowopsya.
Momwe mungabzalitsire nandolo
Nyerere sizimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito katswiri wina wapadera wa zaulimi ndi kafukufuku wosavuta ndi wosavuta. Musanalowetse mbewuzo pansi, pamabedi ayenera kupangidwa mizere 6-7 masentimita, mtunda wa pakati pawo uyenera kukhala 45-55 masentimita. Kusakaniza kwa kompositi ndi phulusa zimayikidwa mumzere uliwonse, ndipo zimadetsedwa ndi nthaka, 2-3 masentimita Pakati pa mzere umodzi wa mizere, mbeu 17-18 ziyenera kutero, choncho mtunda wa pakati pa nyemba za mtola udzakhala 6-7 cm. Kenaka, dzenje la mbeu liyenera kukhala lodzaza ndi nthaka, zomwe zidzathandiza kusunga chinyezi.
Mukudziwa? Pamene mbeu ya nthanga imera simudzawona, koma mphukira yoyamba ikuwoneka masiku 7-10.
Pofuna kuteteza nthanga za mtola ku mbalame, ndibwino kuti tiyang'ane malowa pofesa ndi maukonde kapena ndi filimu yotembenuka.
Mapulogalamu a kulima pea, malo osamalira zomera
Kusamalira bwino nandolo sikofunika kwenikweni kusiyana ndi kubzala kokwanira. Kuthirira, kumasula nthaka, kudyetsa, kudula tchire - zonsezi zimakhudza zokolola.
Zochitika zoyamba pambuyo pofesa
Pa tsiku lomwe nthanga yoyamba ya nandolo idzawonekera, choyamba, zimadalira nthawi yowonjezera madzi m'nthaka. Kuthirira kwabwino ndi kwambiri - ichi ndicho chisamaliro chachikulu cha chomera. Mutatha kufesa, muyenera kufufuza mosamala kuti nandoloyi imakhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira. Ngati sikokwanira, mbewuyo idzafa, osakhala nayo nthawi yosonyeza mphukira zoyamba. Ngakhale zipatso ziri m'munsi, nandolo zikufalikira pakati, ndipo nsonga ikukula ndikupanga masamba, kuthirira ndikofunika kwambiri kuti chitukuko chikhale choyenera.
Ndikofunikira! Kwambiri madzi okwanira - komanso si abwino kwambirimakamaka pamene nyemba zimapangidwa. Izi zingachititse kufalikira kwa matenda.
Kusamalira dothi
Pa nthawi ya kukula kwa nandolo, m'pofunikira kulipira makamaka kutulutsa nthaka pakati pa mizere. Mwa njira iyi, mizu ndi mabakiteriya amtunduwu amatha kulandira mpweya wokwanira woterewu. Pa mphukira zoyamba, pofika kutalika kwa masentimita 6 ndikupanga masamba 4-5, mabedi amafunika kuti awonongeke, koma izi ziyenera kuchitika panthawi imene nthaka yayuma. Izi ndizofunikira kuti zisamawononge mizu. Ngakhale kuti nthaka ikugwirizana bwanji ndi kukula kwa namsongole m'nyengo ya kukula, kumasula pakati pa mizere iyenera kuchitika katatu (mpaka masentimita 7).
Zomwe zimadyetsa nandolo
Manyowa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa mtola kuti apititse patsogolo zokolola, kulimbikitsa maluwa a mbewu ndi kumangiriza nyemba. Poyamba mbande, nyemba zimayenera kudyetsedwa ndi namsongole. Izi ndizofunikira pamene ntchito ya bacteria yayambabe yofooka ndipo zomera zimakhala ndi kusowa kwa nayitrogeni. Kuthira ndi feteleza mchere panthawi ya zipatso komanso maluwa asanakhale othandiza. Poyamba, ndi bwino kuthirira madzi zomera ndi njira yothetsera fetereza (3 g pa madzi okwanira 1 litre). Ndikofunika kuthirira pakati pa mizere, popanda kugwa pamasamba a zomera. Musanayambe maluwa, nandolo yabwino kudyetsa youma feteleza, pa mlingo wa 25 g pa 1 m².
Akuwongolera garter
Popeza nthanga za pea zili zofooka, ndipo pakuonekera koyamba kwa chipatsocho, zomera zimagwa kuchokera ku mphamvu yokoka, zimasowa zitsamba zothandizira. Pa ntchito yothandizira gwiritsani ntchito zingwe zamtengo wapatali kapena matabwa omwe ayenera kumamatira pamtunda, pamtunda wa mamita 1.5 kuchokera mzake. Pa zingwe kapena ndodo, muyenera kuyimitsa chingwe kapena waya mu njira yopingasa. Kukuwombera ndi timitengo kumathandizidwa pa chingwe. Izi ndizofunikira kuti nandolo iwonongeke.
Matenda akulu ndi tizirombo ta nandolo
Zowonongeka kwambiri za mtola ndi njenjete, munda ndi kabichi njenjete, ndi nthenga ya pea. Zitsamba ndi zikopa zimayika mazira pa masamba a mtola. Nkhumba zotsamba, ngakhale zomwe zangoyambidwa, idyani gawo lina la mbewu. Nsomba zamphongo, zophimbidwa mu masamba kuti zizidyetsa iwo. Koma nthengagufe - njenjete, amaika mazira pa masamba ndi zipatso. Patapita sabata, amakhala chakudya cha mphutsi. Powdery mildew and mosaic ndi zina mwa matenda akulu omwe angayambitse nandolo.
Choyamba ndi matenda a fungal omwe amadzala ndi zosalala, zoyera pachimake, choyamba pansi pa chomera, ndiyeno mbewu yonse. Pambuyo pake, zipatso zimafa, ndipo mphukira ndi masamba zimatembenuka wakuda ndikufa. Musa ndi matenda osachiritsika, omwe amawoneka kuti akhoza kupewedwa mwa kuyang'ana kusinthasintha kwa mbeu komanso kulandira mbewu zoyenera. Kukula kochepa, maonekedwe a mano pamphepete mwa masamba, komanso kusungunuka kwawo zonse ndi zizindikiro za zithunzi.
Nandolo: momwe mungapezere zokolola zochuluka
Zokolola zikhoza kukhala kumapeto kwa June. Kodi nthanga zambiri zimakula bwanji zimadalira momwe zomera zimakula komanso zimamasula. Ngati maluwawo amakula pachimake, ndiye kuti nandolo yakucha mofulumira.
Mukudziwa? Pambuyo maluwa, pamene zipatso zoyamba zipsa m'munsi mwachangu masamba obisala, kukolola shuga mitundu kutsika pafupi sabata ndi theka. Ndiyomwe ndi nandolo zokoma ndi zokoma kwambiri.
Sungani nyemba, mukufunika pamene masamba ake akuphuka ndipo mutha kuchotsa nyemba zodzala, osati zochuluka. Ma valve ali obiriwira ndi obiriwira, ndipo kutalika kwa mbewu kufika mpaka 8 mm. Mu nyengo yozizira, ndi bwino kusonkhanitsa nandolo pafupipafupi momwe mungathere (mwachitsanzo, masiku awiri), pamene nyengo yozizira - yokwanira masiku onse 4. Mukasonkhanitsa nandolo yoyipa pa nthawi yolakwika, padzakhala kuchepa kwa kucha kwa chipatso chotsatira. Kukolola kumakhala bwino m'mawa pamene sikukutentha panja, mwinamwake zozizira zimatha kufota msanga.
