Zakudya zonunkhira ndi zonunkhira sizinathenso kutchuka kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, kupitilira kukhala imodzi mwa zotchuka komanso zotsika mtengo zonunkhira pakatikatikatikati.
Patapita nthawi yozizira, pamene thupi liri lofooka ndipo mukufuna mavitamini atsopano m'munda, funso limakhala: Kodi chodzala katsabola pamalo otseguka?
Mukudziwa? Katsabola kanali kudziwika kwa Aigupto akale monga mankhwala. Agiriki akale ankadya katsabola, Sappho ankaimba fungo la katsabola, Feofrast anatchula katsabola kofukiza, Hippocrates, Dioscorides anasiya malangizo othandiza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a katsabola. Kale ku Roma, okondedwa anapatsana bouquets ndi makoma a katsabola. M'zaka za zana la khumi, Ibn Sina adafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zotsatira za katsabola pa thupi la munthu. Mu Middle Ages ankakhulupirira kuti katsabola kamatha kuteteza ku ufiti.
Katsabola: kufotokoza za zamasamba
Dill (Anéthum) amatanthauza mbulera ya pachaka. Katsabola kali ndi phesi lakuda bwino (kutalika kwa masentimita 40 mpaka 150), lophimbidwa ndi zowonda kwambiri. Pamwamba pa nthambi za tsinde. Masambawa ndi amphongo anayi (ma lobes otsiriza amakhala ngati ulusi). Kuyambira June mpaka July, maluwa amapezeka: maluwa a katsabola amasonkhanitsidwa ku inflorescences ndikupanga lalikulu ambulera (mpaka 15 cm) ya 25-50 miyezi. Mtundu wa pakhosi ndi wachikasu. Mbewu (mpaka 5 mm kutalika ndi 3 mm m'kati mwake) yakucha mu September.
Zakudya za mavitamini B2, B6, C, A, P, PP, macro-micronutrients (magnesium, potassium, calcium, phosphorous, etc.), acids (oleic, palmitic, petroselinic), flavonoids dill ndi imodzi mwa malo otsogolera pakati pa munda zikhalidwe. Ndizolemera makamaka (makamaka mbewu - mpaka 4%) ndi mafuta ofunikira.
Mukudziwa? Katsabola kumapangitsa kuti magazi apangidwe m'thupi, amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Anetin yomwe ili mu katsabola, imayambitsa mitsempha ya mitsempha, imathandiza kuti magazi aziyenda mpaka ubongo. Kuphatikiza zinthu zothandiza ndi katundu, kuphweka kwawo kumapangitsa kuti katsabola kamodzi kothandiza kwa ana ndi akulu.
Chimene chimakonda katsabola, posankha malo m'munda
Katsabola sikumasiyana ndi chidziwitso. Chomerachi chimakhala chosasinthasintha (chimatsalira pang'ono chisanu, ndipo mbewu zimayamba kutsitsimutsa pansi pa kutentha kwa +3 ° C). Ngati mukufuna kukwaniritsa zokolola zabwino zobiriwira, muyenera kuganizira kuti amakonda dill, ndipo kulimbikitsa katsabola koyenera kumaphatikizapo kulengedwa kwabwino.
Ndikofunikira! Kuwonjezera katsabola kowonongeka ku saladi kumapangitsa mbaleyo kukhala yosasangalatsa. Fungo losangalatsa ndi kulawa kwa saladi zidzaperekedwa ndi katsabola (salt) kouma. Dill wonyezimira amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu supu ndi masukisi.
Kuwala kwa Dill
Kodi mungabzala bwanji katsabola? Palibe zophweka za izo.
Choyamba, muyenera kupereka kuunikira koyenera. Kuwala kwa dzuwa kumakhala ngati dill ngati. Malo otsegula ndi abwino kwa iwo. Ndi kuwala kokwanira, katsabola kamakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wa emerald, imakula bwino. Zinthu zabwino - kuwala kwa dzuwa kwa maola 12 pa tsiku kutentha kwa 18 mpaka 25 ° C.
Chachiwiri, zidzakhala zofunikira kuonetsetsa kupezeka kwa nthaka yofunikira.
Kodi nthaka imakonda katsabola?
Kusankha chiwembu chodzala katsabola, chiyenera kukumbukira kuti chomeracho chimasankha dothi losaloŵerera ndi mpweya wabwino komanso wosakanikirana. Katsabola sikufuna kuti pakhale dothi lapadera (chifukwa chodzala malo abwino omwe kabichi, kale nkhaka kapena masamba ena - chaka chatha kuvala chomera chokwanira chidzakhala chokwanira).
Ndi bwino kukonzekera mabedi kwa katsabola pasadakhale (makamaka mu kugwa). Ndikoyenera kukumba, manyowa (mukhoza kuthirira manyowa, urea, superphosphate kapena mchere wa potaziyamu - pa mlingo wa 20-30 g pa mita imodzi). Kupaka katsabola kotereku kudzakuthandizani kukolola mbewu yaikulu.
Nthawi zina dill imayamba kusintha mtundu wa chikasu, ndipo kukula kwake kumachepetsanso. Izi ndizizindikiro za "njala" ya zomera. Njira yothana ndi izi ndi kuyambitsa feteleza wa nayitrogeni (20 g pa mita imodzi).
Kudzala katsabola: momwe mungakonzekerere mbewu
Khalani ndikuwonetsa kuti ngakhale oyamba kumene akhoza kukula katsabola kumayambiriro. Musanayambe kubzala mbewu, muyenera kusankha mitundu yambiri ya katsabola. Mitundu ya katsabola imasiyana mosiyana ndi ukalamba:
- mitundu yoyambirira - yakucha kwa masiku 30-35, maambulera mwamsanga amapanga, odzichepetsa kwambiri, onunkhira, koma simungapeze zambiri zobiriwira kwa iwo (Redut, Dalny, Gribovsky, Grenadier);
- Mitundu yapafupi - yakucha masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi limodzi (15-15) pambuyo pake, ili ndi masamba 10 pa tsinde, masamba obala bwino ("Alligator", "Umbrella", "Kibray", "Amazon", "Richelieu");
- Kumapeto kwa nyengo - kucha masiku makumi asanu ndi awiri, masamba 10 opangidwa pa tsinde, amapereka zokolola zambiri ("Kutuzovsky", "Hoarfrost", "Ozornik").
Posankha mbewu ayenera kunyamulidwa m'maganizo kuti timafesa katsabola otseguka pansi. Mitengo yoyamba yakucha ndi yozizira kwambiri, imatha kupirira chisanu mpaka -4 ° S. Zochedwa mitundu - zambiri thermophilic.Mafuta ofunikira mu mbewu amalepheretsa kupopera ndi kumera. Kuchepetsa nkhawa zawo musanafese katsabola, mutha kuchepetsa nthawi yowera. Kwa ichi muyenera:
- Pangani chikwama cha nsalu ndikuchidzaza ndi mbewu;
- kumiza m'madzi otentha (60 ° С) kwa mphindi ziwiri. Chithandizo chamoto chimachepetsa kubzala zochokera ku matenda otheka;
- asiye nyemba masiku atatu m'madzi (madzi ayenera kusinthidwa 3-5 pa tsiku, kutsuka mbewu);
- Chotsani nyembazo, tulukani kwa theka la ora mumlengalenga. Pambuyo pake, iwo ali okonzeka kubwerera.
Mukudziwa? Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa compressor kwa aquarium ndi aeration ya mbewu zowonongeka zimathandizira katatu kuchepetsa nthawi yokonzekera kubzala.
Nthawi komanso momwe mungabzalidwe katsabola
Katsabola kofesedwa nthawi iliyonse (pamene akulandira zokolola). Zonse zimadalira nyengo ndi kutentha.
Kuti mufetse dill, muyenera:
pa malo apamwamba a okonzeka dera, kupanga grooves 2 cm chakuya. Kuti mumve mosavuta, mungagwiritse ntchito bolodi lalitali (mtunda wa pakati pa grooves awiri ukhale 20 cm);- Pokhala mutakonza nthaka bwino, tzalani mbewu zokonzeka. Nkhumba zimabzalidwa pamtunda wosachepera 1 g pa mita imodzi (kuti zomera zisayane);
- awononge nthaka ndi kuphatikiza pang'ono (poyang'ana bwino mbeu ndi nthaka). Masiku awiri oyambirira a mbewu zomwe anabzala siziyenera kuthiriridwa - madzi akhoza kuwasambitsa, kukulitsa zochitika zawo;
pa malo apamwamba a okonzeka dera, kupanga grooves 2 cm chakuya. Kuti mumve mosavuta, mungagwiritse ntchito bolodi lalitali (mtunda wa pakati pa grooves awiri ukhale 20 cm);Mukudziwa? Machiritso a katsabola amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama ku cosmetology. Katsabola ndi mbali ya zodzoladzola zosiyanasiyana. Mukhoza kuchotsa matumba pamaso pothandizidwa ndi dill infusions (zitsamba ndi mbewu). Madzi otsekemera a mchere amatsuka komanso amatsitsimutsa khungu.
Nthawi yobzala katsabola m'chaka
Katsabola kofesa nthawi kumayambiriro kumadalira kotheratu nyengo - ngati kasupe ndi ofunda ndi oyambirira, ndiye kuti masiku adzakhala oyambirira. Zomwe zinachitikira wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kufesa pambuyo pa 20 April.
Pambuyo pa kumera kwa mbande, iyenera kuchepetsedwa kuti pasakhale kuphulika (mtunda pakati pa mphukira uyenera kukhala wa 5 mpaka 10 cm).
Ndikofunikira! Katsabola kamapanga bwino mwa kudzidyetsa - simukusowa mphindi, mwinamwake munda wonse chaka chamawa chidzabzalidwa ndi katsabola. Zomwe anakumana nazo wamaluwa amalangiza: kupewa kupewa mwachisawawa kufesa ndi katsabola, kuchapuka madengu ndi gauze.
Kubzala katsabola m'chilimwe
Kufika kwa chilimwe kuli ndi mbali zina. Ili ndi mwayi wokhala masamba atsopano tsiku lililonse (ndikokwanira kufesa gawo latsopano la mbewu masiku khumi ndi awiri). Chinthu chinanso ndi chakuti m'chilimwe mabedi am'munda amagawidwa, ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zomera zina. Pali mafunso ngati n'zotheka kudzala katsabola ndi parsley, katsabola ndi masamba ena pamodzi. Katsabola sikugwirizana ndi zomera zina, mwachitsanzo, ndi fennel, nyemba. Ndi ena (kabichi, nkhaka, tomato, anyezi, udzu winawake) - ndi wochezeka, amateteza ndi mafuta ake kuchokera ku tizirombo (aphid, mbozi), amathandiza kukoma kwawo, kumawonjezera fruiting nthawi. Mmalo mwake, katsabola amagwiritsa ntchito nthaka yachonde ya oyandikana nayo.
Momwe mungabzalitsire dill isanafike nyengo yozizira
Ndithudi mbewu yofesa yotchuka pakagwa. Cholinga cha kubzala kwadzukulu ndiko kupeza kokolola koyambirira kobiriwira mu kasupe. Kudyetsa kwadzinja kukumbukira kuti:
Nkhumba ziyenera kuikidwa masentimita 1-1.5 mozama kuposa mmasika;- Mbeu yambewu yawonjezeka ndi 25%;
- Chiwembucho chimadzazidwa ndi mulch m'nyengo yozizira;
- Pofuna kusankha nthawi yobzala dill mu kugwa, muyenera kukumbukira kuti muyenera kumaliza kufesa musanayambe chisanu ndi kuzizira.
Nkhumba ziyenera kuikidwa masentimita 1-1.5 mozama kuposa mmasika;Ndikofunikira! Ngati dill silinyowe mokwanira, likhoza kupititsa patsogolo "kusintha" kwa katsabola mu tsinde ndi maluwa.
Zima ndi nthawi yomwe mungathe kubzala dill. Kuti muchite izi, konzekerani malo m'munda (mwachitsanzo, chotsani chisanu). Nkhumba zowonongeka zimafalikira kumalo okonzedwa (palibe kukonzekera mbewu zoyambirira ndikofunikira). Manyowa ophatikizidwa ndi nthaka amaikidwa pamwamba pa njere ndipo amadzazidwa ndi chipale chofewa (pamene chisanu chimasungunuka, mbeu ziyamba kumera). Ngati pali chisanu chochuluka, dera lanu likhoza kuwonetsedwa ndi kanema.
Kulima katsabola m'nyengo yozizira ndi nyengo yozizira kumakupatsani mwayi wopambana masabata amodzi kapena awiri kuti mutenge nyemba zoyamba.
Zomwe zimasamalira katsabola, momwe mungapezere zokolola zochuluka
Katsabola, kamene kakabzalidwa pamtunda, kumafuna kudziyang'anira kwambiri kuposa kukula mu wowonjezera kutentha. Mmodzi ayenera kukumbukira zokonda za dill (kuwala kwa dzuwa, malo osalowerera ndale ndi chinyezi) ndi kutsatira malamulo angapo:
- chakudya (ngati kuli kofunikira);
- kuthirira (osati wambiri, koma nthawi zonse);
- kumasula mabedi;
- nthawi yamsongole ndi yochepa (izi ndi zoona makamaka ngati katsabola akudzala ndi chophimba cholimba);
- Musamabzala pafupi ndi "zomera zopanda pake" - chitowe, fennel, ndi zina zotero.
Kukolola ndi kusungirako
Kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, katsabola amasankhidwa ali wamng'ono, pamene kutalika kwa zimayambira ndi 17-25 masentimita. Izi zimachitika masiku 30-40 mutabzala. Ndi chiyambi cha maluwa kukoma deta amadyera.
Katsabola amasonkhanitsidwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana:
- Kutulutsa pamodzi ndi muzu wa chomera chonse;
- kuswa masamba ku zimayambira;
- kupukuta ndi kapepala kakufesa. Mitengo yautali kwambiri imasankhidwa, otsalira amakhalabe olerera;
- Kukolola zipangizo (mapesi, maambulera) kuti amwetse - kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakuya (masiku 50-70 pambuyo poonekera).
- Kuzizira (kutsuka, kuchotsa madzi, kudula, kuziyika ndi kuzizira.) Kupanga cubes - katsabola katsabola kofiira ndi madzi owiritsa: mudzaze pang'ono pang'ono cubes, kenako ndibwino kuzigwiritsa ntchito kuphika koyamba ndi zodzikongoletsera);
- salting (sambani katsabola, yaniwitseni ndi chopukutira, mudule ndi kuyika zigawo ndi mchere mu mtsuko ndi kutseka.Sungani pamalo ozizira. Pali zinthu zambiri zoperekera mchere: mchere umamwa madzi, katsabola kamataya utoto ndi zina zina koma zimatha kuika katsabola popanda mafiriji);
- kupukuta (kugwiritsira ntchito pulogalamu yapadera yamapweya);
- kutsuka (kutsanulira mafuta a mandimu ndi marinade - 0,5 l madzi otentha, supuni imodzi ya viniga 6% ndi supuni imodzi ya mchere wothira mafuta.
- kuuma kwachilengedwe (zouma pansi pa denga ndi mpweya wokwanira wabwino) Zingaumitsidwe m'chipinda, kuzidula bwino ndi kufalikira pa pepala, kusonkhezera nthawi zina. Sungani mitsuko ya magalasi ndi chivindikiro chopanda pake, matumba a mapepala).
