Matenda a Citrus, zomwe zimaphatikizapo Chimandarini, pamlingo winawake, ndipo mwa njira zina zimakhala ndi zomera zambiri. Kawirikawiri, matenda a mtengo wa tangerine amayamba ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: mycoplasmas, mavairasi, mabakiteriya, bowa. Chotsatira cha zochita zawo ndi zolekanitsa zosiyanasiyana pa mtengo ndi zipatso: kukula, zilonda, kuvunda, kunyeketsa, ndi zina zotero. Amatha kudutsa mkati mwa chomera kudzera mu stomata ya tsamba, kulowa mabala omwe amapangidwa ndi mawotchi, kupyolera mu tizilombo, mphepo, kupopera mbewu kapena kuthirira. Vuto ndilo kuti sizinthu zonse zothetsera matenda a mandarin ndi othandiza, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale zopanda phindu. Pansipa timakhala ndi matenda omwe amatha kukhala nawo.
Anthracnose
Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo ta tizilombo Colletotrichum glocosponoides Penz, yomwe imakhala m'malo amtendere ndipo imakhazikika pa zipatso, masamba, ndi nthambi za zomera. Masamba opatsirana amayamba kutsekedwa ndi mawanga obiriwira omwe amawopsya pakapita nthawi. Ngati matendawa achitika nthawi yamvula, mawangawo akhoza kukhala ofiira. Madontho a mdima amaoneka pa nsonga za mphukira. Nthambi zimakhala zofiirira kwambiri, kenako zimakhala zofiira, zophimba zambirimbiri. Maluwa okhudzidwa amadzazidwa ndi mawanga ofiira ndi kugwa. Mawanga aang'ono amapezeka pamtunda pozungulira pedicels, yomwe imafalikira ndi kupweteka khungu. Amapeza mtundu wofiirira, umachepetsa. Pa chipatso cha matendawa akhoza kuchitika panthawi yosungirako. Iwo ali ndi fungo losasangalatsa ndi kulawa kowawa.
Matendawa a mandarin ali ndi chinyezi chachikulu komanso chisamaliro chosayenera. Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, mphukira zowonongeka zimakonzedwa ndipo zowonongeka zimapangidwa motsatira malangizo. Ndikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito "Fitosporin" ya bio-fungicide, popeza siyiyiizoni. Amaphatikizidwa ku madzi kuti akuwetsa komanso kupewa matenda a fungal. Pofuna kupewa, wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala a Bordeaux madzi (1%) kawiri kapena katatu pachaka.
Mukudziwa? Chimandarini mu chilengedwe chawo chimakula kufikira zaka 70, kuwonjezeka zipatso chaka chilichonse. Mpaka 800 zipatso zingathe kuchotsedwa ku mtengo umodzi pa nyengo.
Wartiness
Matenda ena omwe amabwera ndi bowa omwe amakhudza zomera zonse. Zikuwoneka koyamba ndi mawanga a mdima wonyezimira pamasamba, omwe amasintha n'kukhala magulu oundana. Zomera zomwe zimawoneka pa mphukira zazing'ono zimakula ndikusandulika kumangidwe kochititsa chidwi, komwe kumatsogolera ku ofesi ya nthambi. Pamene chipatsocho chili ndi kachilombo, mabala a lalanje amakula pa iwo, omwe, akamakula, amakhala ndi mithunzi ya bulauni. Pa nthawi yomweyi ovary alipo. Chikhalidwe cha kufalikira kwa matenda ndi chinyezi chachikulu ndi kutentha kwa mpweya. Nkhondo yolimbana ndi matenda ndi kuchotsa zowonongeka za mbeu zomwe ziri zofunika kuotcha, kuti spores zisamafalikire ku chilengedwe. Chomeracho chimapulidwa ndi njira ya Bordeaux zakumwa (1%): mu March, mu June (mutatha maluwa) ndi mu July.
Citrus gommoz
Matendawa, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito bowa Pythiacystis citrophthora R.E.Sm, amadziwonetsera ngati mawonekedwe a kutalika kwa chingamu pamtengo wa mtengo. Kawirikawiri, kachilomboka kamakhudza makungwa a mitengo ikuluikulu ndi mizu yambiri ya mtengo, popanda kulowa m'zigawo zina. Patapita nthawi, makungwawo amalekanitsidwa ndi tsinde kapena mizu yonse. Ngati izi zikuchitika pamtunda wake, nthambi, mizu, kapena tsinde lonse liwonongeka, chifukwa kuyendetsa kwa madziwa kumasokonezeka. Bowa ikhoza kuoneka pa chipatso, kuchititsa kuvunda kofiira.
Ndikofunikira! Zotsatira za matendawa zimakhudza masamba masabata angapo pambuyo pake, ngakhale miyezi ingapo nthambi kapena thunthu zitafa.
Musanayambe kumwa mankhwala a tangerine, m'pofunika kuthetsa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.
Zina mwa izo zingakhale:
- kusowa kwa potaziyamu ndi phosphorous ndi owonjezera nayitrogeni m'nthaka. Pankhaniyi, kuchepa kwa nayitrogeni ndi feteleza feteleza;
- palibe ngalande pansi pa mizu ya mtengo. Kuthirira kumatsirizidwa kwa masiku angapo, kenaka nkukonzanso mwatsopano komanso mwachindunji;
- kubzala mozama kwambiri;
- kuwonongeka kwa makina, chifukwa cha mabala omwe anawonekera, kumene matendawa anapezeka.
Kuphatikiza pa zomwe tatchula pamwambapa, zotsatirazi ziyenera kuchitika. Sambani chilonda ndikuchikonza ndi njira yothetsera vitriol ya buluu (3%). Kuti tichite zimenezi, 30 g wa wothandizira komanso 200 g wa hydrated (kapena 100 g wa quicklime) laimu amathetsedwa mu lita imodzi ya madzi. Pambuyo pake, chilondacho chimachizidwa ndi phula la munda. Njirayi imabwerezedwa mpaka zizindikiro za matenda zitatha. Ngati izi sizingatheke, mbewuyo imachotsedwa ndikuwotchedwa.
Citrus Cancer
Matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mabakiteriya omwe amachititsa masamba ndi zipatso za mtengo. Awonetsedwa ngati mawonekedwe ofiira owala kwambiri. Khansara ya Citrus sichiritsidwe. Chomeracho chiyenera kuchotsedwa panthaka ndikuwonongedwa.
Ndikofunikira! N'zotheka kudziwa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa matenda kapena matenda ena okha mu laboratori. Zizindikiro zambiri za matenda, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi bowa ndi mabakiteriya, zimakhala zofanana kwambiri. Nthawi zina, ma pistules a bulauni amatha kuzindikira pa malo omwe ali ndi kachilombo, mawanga akuda kapena mafiira amtundu wa fungal spores. Ndili ndi kachilombo kofiira ndi mavairasi, mawonekedwe a maluwa, masamba, ndi mphukira amasintha. Chithunzi cha zithunzi chikuwoneka pa iwo, zimayambira zikuwopsya, zochepa. Pachifukwa ichi, matenda a fungal ndi mabakiteriya amachiritsidwa ndi fungicides, ndipo mankhwala anga ochepetsa matenda a tizilombo ndi mavitamini sangawathandize, chomeracho chiyenera kuwonongedwa.
Kuwonongeka kochedwa
Kawirikawiri, matendawa amakhudza mitengo ya tangerine imene inayamba kumezanitsidwa pa lalanje. Kawirikawiri amawonetsedwa mu mbande zazing'ono, zomwe zimakhala ndi malo obiriwira obiriwira. Kawirikawiri, malo owonongeka amatsukidwa ndikuchiritsidwa ndi mkuwa sulphate kapena wothandizira omwe ali ndi digiti yoposa. Ndi bwino kukumba mmera ndikuwonetse ngati mizu yayonongeka ndi matendawa. Ngati kuyendera kumapereka zotsatira zabwino, mtengowo uyenera kuwonongedwa.
Mizu yovunda
Zimakhala zovuta kuzipeza, chifukwa mizu ya zomera imakhudzidwa. Matendawa amawonekera panja kale, pamene masamba a Chimandarini akugwa kwambiri. Kodi mungakambirane bwanji nthitiyi? Kukumba chomera ndikuyang'ana mizu. Ngati malo owonongeka amapezeka, amachotsedwa ndi chida chowongolera. Mizu yonse imatengedwa ndi rooting stimulator, ndipo chomeracho chimaikidwa mu nthaka yatsopano. Kenaka mphika ndi mandarin ayenera kuikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena kupukuta nthawi zonse masamba ndi nsalu yonyowa pokhala, kupewa madzi okwanira ambiri. Perekani chomera chabwino kuwala.
Ndikofunikira! Nthaŵi zambiri, masamba a Chimandarini amagwa osati chifukwa cha matenda, koma kuchokera ku chisamaliro chosayenera. Ndipotu izi ndi momwe mbewu imayendera ndi zinthu zosautsa: kusowa kuwala, kutentha kwambiri m'nthaka, kutentha, ndi zina zotero. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mtengo waukulu womwe uli osachepera zaka zitatu ukhoza kufa. Zimachititsa kuti masamba ambiri agwe pansi angakhale otayika a Chimandarini, pamene sanatumize kuti apumule m'nyengo yozizira. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa October mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March, ndi bwino kuika mphika ndi tangerine kwa maola 12 tsiku lililonse pamalo ozizira (14 - 16) °C) ndi nyali ya 20-40 Watt fluorescent.
Tristeza
Choyambitsa matenda ndi kachilombo kofanana, kamene kamakhudza zomera zonse. Monga lamulo, mitengo ya zaka zoposa zisanu imakhala yovutitsidwa. Zizindikiro zoyamba zikuyimira kapena kuphulika patsogolo ndikusintha mtundu wa masamba. Poyamba amatha, amakhala amkuwa, kenaka amakhala ndi kasupe wachikasu pafupi ndi mitsempha. Pa nthawi yomweyo, masamba okhwima amayamba kugwa pansi pa nthambi. Masamba atagwa, nthambi zochokera ku thunthu zimafooketsa ndi kufa. Zipatso zimasinthiranso mtundu ndipo zimagwa mofulumira. Ngati mukumba mmera, ndiye kuti mizu imakhudzidwa kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Chimandarini yomwe imagonjetsedwa ndi matendawa. Koma ndizo zonyamulira kachilombo ka HIV, koma samangotsegula.
Matendawa amafalitsidwa ndi tizilombo kapena tizilombo. Sichikuchiritsidwa. Ndibwino kuti muwononge mtengo wodwala.
Xylopsorosis
Kachilombo kamene kakhoza kukhala mmunda ndipo sichikukula mpaka zaka 10. Kunja, ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi homosis, chifukwa imayambitsa makungwa a zomera. Koma iye samachiritsidwa.
Malsekko
Matenda opatsirana omwe amakhudza zomera kuthengo, komanso mkati - kuyambira m'dzinja mpaka kumapeto. Zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda ndi tsamba losasangalatsa la masamba. Amagwa pamtengo, pamene mapesi amakhala pamthambi. Masamba atagwa, mphukira imayamba kuuma ndi kusintha kwa panthawi yomweyo pamitundu ya makungwa. Zimakhala karoti kapena lalanje-wofiira. Kuyanika kumapitirira kuchokera kumapeto kwa nthambi mpaka kumunsi, ndiyeno kumapita ku thunthu lalikulu. Matendawa sangachiritsidwe. Wodwala wodwalayo wa matendawa Phoma trachephila Petri amafalitsidwa ndi spores, yomwe imagwa mvula kuchokera mvula yamkuntho ndipo imatengedwa ndi mphepo kapena zida zogwirira ntchito.
Mukudziwa? Chimandarini chimaganiziridwa osati zakudya zokha, komanso chipatso chamankhwala. Zili ndi potaziyamu, salt amchere, carotene, mafuta, mapuloteni, organic acid, shuga, zitsulo zimapezeka. Choncho, timangerines ndi madzi atsopano kuchokera kwa iwo akulimbikitsidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima. Peel ili ndi mafuta ambiri ofunikira, kotero kuchepetsa ndi kutsekemera kwa mankhwala kumalimbikitsa matenda a m'mimba, nthenda ndi matenda ena a m'mimba. Kuwaza msuzi kumathandizira kulimbana ndi matenda a fungal pakhungu.
Matenda chifukwa cha kusowa kwa feteleza ndi kufufuza zinthu
Nthawi zina mawonetseredwe akunja a matenda omera ndizisonyezero za kusowa kwa zofunikira zofunika m'nthaka.
Ndikofunikira! Pang'ono pang'ono mphika umene Chimandarini umakula, mofulumira nthaka yatha.
Choncho, ngati masamba akale amayamba kuvekedwa ndi madontho a chikasu, ndiye kuti atembenukira chikasu ndi mdima, chomeracho sichitha nayitrogeni. Ngati, pambali pa tsamba lopweteka, tsambalo liuma, n'kupeza hue wofiira, mandarin imafuna phosphorous yowonjezera. Ngati pakati pa mitsempha ya masamba inayamba kuoneka ngati mapepala ndi mapepala, yonjezerani mlingo wa potaziyamu. Ponena za kusowa kwachitsulo, komanso zinc ndi manganese, akunena gridi la mitsempha yobiriwira pamamasamba otha. Ngati ovary ayamba kugwa, nthendayi imakhala yosokonezeka. Zimabwera chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa manganese ndi boron. Komabe, kuchulukanso kwa zinthu zonsezi kumakhudza kwambiri mbewu. Amayamba kufa pamphepete mwa masamba.
Chimandarini - chomera chomera, chothetsera matenda osiyanasiyana. Amayambitsa matendawa makamaka ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zingakhudze ngati gawo la mbeu, ndi mtengo wonse. 
Ngati m'kupita kwa nthaŵi mungazindikire zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa ndi kutenga zoyenera, Chimandarini chingapulumutsidwe. Koma pali matenda omwe sangathe kuchiritsidwa. Komanso, ambiri a iwo ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana. Ndipo kuphuka, masamba achikasu ndi akugwa akhoza kungoyankhula za chisamaliro chosayenera cha chomeracho. Choncho, chithandizo ndi chisamaliro cha Chimandarini chiyenera kuyandikira mozama.
