Manyowa a potashi ndi mtundu wa feteleza wa mchere womwe wapangidwa kuti ukhale wofunikira pa zomera za potaziyamu. Monga lamulo, iwo amawoneka ngati ma salt osungunuka m'madzi, nthawi zina ndi kuwonjezera kwa mankhwala ena omwe ali ndi potaziyamu mu mitundu yomwe imalola kuti mbewuyo idye.
Mtengo wa fetashi feteleza
Mtengo wa feteleza wa potashi umatsimikiziridwa ndi kufunika kwa potaziyamu kwa zakudya zamchere za zomera. Phosphorous ndi nitrojeni, mankhwalawa ndi ofunika kwambiri m'ntchito zofunikira za zamoyo, koma ngati ziwiri zoyambirira zikuyimira monga gawo limodzi la mankhwala, ndiye kuti potaziyamu imapezeka mu selo yopanda madzi ndi puloteni.
Potaziyamu imayambitsa mphamvu ya kagayidwe ka maselo m'maselo a zomera, normalizes madzi okwanira, omwe amalola oimira zomera kuti athe kupirira bwino kusowa kwa chinyezi, pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zomwe zili m'nthaka. Ngati chomeracho chimauma mofulumira ndipo chimatha panthawi yamvula, izi zikhoza kusonyeza kuti alibe potassium m'maselo ake.
Komanso, potaziyamu imachititsa kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya michere ikhale yogwira ntchito, imathandizira kupanga mapuloteni, omwe ndi ofunikira kuwonjezera mtundu wobiriwira, komanso njira zina zamagetsi zamitengo, makamaka nitrogen ndi carbon metabolism.
Motero, kuthira feteleza ndi nitrogen feteleza za zomera zosasowa potaziyamu kumapanga mapangidwe a ammonia osagwiritsidwa ntchito m'matumbo, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala kuti ntchito yowonongeka imasokonezeka.
Zomwe zimachitika ndi kaboni: kusowa kwa potaziyamu kumateteza kutembenuka kwa monosaccharides kukhala polysaccharides. Pachifukwa ichi, potaziyamu ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri kuti munthu asungunuke shuga mu beets, shuga mu mbatata, ndi zina zotero.
Kuphatikiza apo, shuga wochuluka mu maselo amatsogolera ku mfundo yakuti chomera chimakhala cholimbana ndi nyengo yovuta. Zinthu zonunkhira m'mitengo zimapangidwanso ndi potassium.
Potaziyamu ikufunikanso kuchepetsa kukula kwa zamoyo kuti zikhale ndi matenda monga powdery mildew ndi dzimbiri, komanso zowola zosiyanasiyana. Kuwonjezera apo, izi zimapangitsa kuti chomera chikhale cholimba kwambiri. 
Potsirizira pake, potaziyamu imayamba kuchepetsa kukula mofulumira kwambiri ndi kuphuka msanga kwa zipatso za zomera, zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri, popeza zipatso zoterozo zili ndi phosphoric acid.
Mukudziwa? Pazitsamba zonse zomwe zili mu phulusa, zomera zambiri zimadya potaziyamu. Otsogola mu gawo ili ndi tirigu, akutsatiridwa ndi mbatata, beet ndi masamba ena. Mazira azuzu mbewu, mpendadzuwa ndi fodya zili ndi 6% ya potaziyamu, mu kabichi, tirigu ndi mizu masamba okha - pafupifupi 0,5%.Ambiri a potaziyamu omwe amadya ndi zomera amasonkhanitsa mu mphukira zake zazing'ono. Mu mizu (tubers) ndi mbewu, komanso m'magulu akuluakulu, potaziyamu ndizochepa. Ngati chomeracho sichikhala ndi potaziyamu, chiwerengero chake chimagawidwa ndi ziwalo zina zomwe zimagwiritsanso ntchito mankhwalawa.
Choncho, potaziyamu imathandiza zomera kuti zizigwiritsa ntchito bwino chinyezi, zimapangitsa kuti thupi liziyenda bwino, limapangitse kukula kwa mizu, kumapangitsa mtundu, mtundu ndi zonunkhira za zipatso, kumawonjezera mapulaneti awo, zimapangitsa kuti zomera zisagonjetsedwe ndi chisanu, chilala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. 
Pankhaniyi, zonsezi, zomwe zimapatsa potaziyamu, zimakhala zofunika makamaka pakukula nyengo, komanso mu gawo la zipatso zopanga zipatso.
Choncho, mtengo wa fetereza feteleza umaphatikizapo kuti amatha kupereka chomeracho ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito yake yofunikira. Komabe, kuti zotsatira za feteleza fetashi zikhale zogwira mtima, ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi phosphorous ndi nitrojeni feteleza, chifukwa pokhapokha pokhapokha zakudya zoyenera za chikhalidwe zimatsimikiziridwa.
Zida za feteleza za potashi
Pofuna kuti zomera zikhale ndi potaziyamu, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito salitsi ya potaziyamu, yomwe poyamba ili ndi zinthu zakale zokha. Komabe, zomera zimatha kudya mankhwalawa pokhapokha mu njira yothetsera madzi, kotero mitundu yonse ya potashi feteleza ikhoza kupasuka bwino m'madzi. Malowa amachititsa kuti ayambe kutuluka mofulumira kwambiri atatha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kumtunda.
Manyowa a potaziyamu amachita mosiyana pa dothi losiyana, lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi chidziwitso cha mankhwala awo ndipo ayeneradi kuganiziridwa mu zamakono zaulimi.
Mwachitsanzo, potaziyamu chloride imalimbikitsidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito komwe kuli mvula yambiri, ndipo dothi liri losavuta. Pa nthaka youma, komanso mu greenhouses, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu sulphate.
Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ya potashi mu kugwa kulimbikitsidwa kwa dothi lokhala ndi dothi lokhala ndi zinthu zambiri.
Nthaka yotereyo salola kuti fetereza ikhale yoipa, choncho, kuti lipititse patsogolo, ndi bwino kuikamo nthawi yomweyo pafupi ndi mizu.
Dothi lolimba limapereka chikasu chovala ndi potashi feteleza. Serozem imafuna potaziyamu pang'ono, popeza ili ndi kuchuluka kokwanira.
Nthawi yoyenera yogwiritsira ntchito fetereza feteleza imadalira osati nthaka yokha, komanso mtundu wa feteleza.
Choncho, mankhwala a chlorini okhala ndi potashi ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa kugwa, chifukwa panthawiyi dziko lapansi liri ndi chinyezi chochuluka, ndipo zinthu zomwe zimapanga feteleza zimalowa m'nthaka mofulumira. Chlorini, yomwe siidathandiza kwambiri zomera, imatsukidwa bwino m'nthaka m'nyengo ino ya nyengo, mosiyana ndi potaziyamu, yomwe imasungidwa mmenemo.
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa feteleza feteleza m'kati mwa masika kungakhudze kwambiri zomera zomwe zimasokoneza chinthuchi, pamene, potengera potassium sulphate ndi feteleza yomwe ingagwiritsidwe bwino nthawi iliyonse panthawi yopuma.
Ndikofunikira! Potaziyamu feteleza ndi bwino kugwiritsidwa ntchito kangapo pangТono ting'onoting'ono tingapo pokhapokha kamodzi. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, muyenera kudziŵa kuti potaziyamu imagwira bwino pammera ngati feteleza imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku nthaka yozizira m'nyengo yozizira.
Polankhula za katundu wa fetashi feteleza, sikutheka kukhala panthawi yomweyi ngati kupitirira malire. Amaluwa ambiri akamapanga feteleza potashi, amanyalanyaza zomwe akupanga, molakwika kukhulupirira kuti palibe mankhwala ambiri.
Ndipotu potaziyamu ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti izi zitheke, koma ngati zili zochuluka, phindu limakhala lovulaza.
Potaziyamu imapitirirabe kumayambitsa kusamvana kwa zakudya komanso, motero, kuwonongeka kwa chitetezo cha mbeu: imayamba kupuma, yowuma, kutsanulira masamba ndi kufuna. Zoopsa kwambiri ndi potaziyamu wambiri chifukwa cha kusowa kwa nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous.
Choncho, kusankha kwa mtundu, nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito ndi mlingo wa feteleza wa potashi poyerekeza ndi mtundu wina wa mbewu uyenera kuchitidwa ndi chisamaliro chapadera komanso molingana ndi malangizo okonzekera. Kuwonjezera apo, nkofunika kukumbukira kuti zomera zathanzi kwambiri ziyenera kudyetsedwa.
Mukudziwa? Pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza mumsanganizo, potaziyamu iyenera kupitirira kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni, ndi yophukira feteleza - mosiyana. Phosphorous pompano sizingasinthe.
Chomwe chimayambitsa kusowa kwa potaziyamu
Kusowa kwa potaziyamu m'maselo a zomera kumachepetsera phindu lopindulitsa lomwe gawoli limapereka. Mchitidwe wa photosynthesis ndi waulesi, motero, chomeracho sichikulitsa mtundu wobiriwira. Chotsatira chake, ntchito yobereka imachepa: Zomera sizinapangidwe, zipatso zochepa zimapangidwa, kukula kwake kuli kochepa kwambiri kuposa nthawi zonse.
Chomeracho chokha chimakhala chotheka kuti chichiza matenda otukuka ndi matenda a fungal, chilala chimawonjezeka ndipo chimakhala cholimba kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira. Mbewu za zomera zotere zimakula bwino ndipo nthawi zambiri zimadwala.
Kusowa kwa potaziyamu kukhoza kuweruzidwa ndi zizindikiro zina zakunja, koma zimakhala zowoneka momveka bwino pamene mlingo wa chinthu mu maselo umachepetsanso katatu. 
Mukudziwa? Chiwonongeko cha m'madera - chizindikiro choyamba cha njala ya potaziyamu. Masamba (makamaka m'munsimu, chifukwa, monga ananenedwa, opanda potaziyamu, chomeracho "chimakankhira" kwa mphukira zazing'ono) zimakhala zofiirira pamphepete, ngati kuti mbewuyo yatenthedwa. Mpweya wotayika ukhoza kuwonedwa pa mbale yokha.
Potaziyamu Akufuna Chikhalidwe
Ngakhale kuti potaziyamu ndi yofunikira kwa zomera zonse, kufunikira kwa chigawochi ndi chosiyana. Kuposa ena, potaziyamu amafunika:
- Zomera ndi kabichi (makamaka kolifulawa), nkhaka, rhubarb, kaloti, mbatata, nyemba, eggplant, tsabola, tomato, maungu, ndi mavwende ena;
- kuchokera zipatso mbewu - apulo, peyala, maula, chitumbuwa, rasipiberi, mabulosi akuda, mphesa, zipatso;
- za maluwa - calla, hydrangea, humanrium, streptocarpus, browna, gerbera, spathiphyllum;
- kuchokera ku tirigu - balere, buckwheat, fulakesi.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa feteleza wa potashi kwa mitundu iyi ya mbewu ili ndi makhalidwe ake enieni.
Choncho, mbewu zambiri za masamba sizigwirizana kwambiri ndi chlorine, choncho, ndi bwino kudzaza kusowa kwa potaziyamu potaziyamu sulfate, komanso feteleza feteleza, Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pazitsamba, popeza sodium imayambitsa kabichi ku mizu kuchokera masamba.
Potash feteleza kwa tomato Ndibwino kuti tigwiritsidwe ntchito panthawi yomweyo. Zomerazi zimafunikira potaziyamu osati mochulukirapo monga kukula kwa zipatso ndi khalidwe lawo. Ndiko kusowa kwa potaziyamu komwe kumatanthauzira masamba osapsa a phwetekere pachimake, nthawizina kufika ku theka la chipatso kapena kufalikira m'deralo m'malo osagawanika.
Koma processing ya tomato abwino potashi feteleza kungachititse kuwonjezeka chitukuko cha wobiriwira mchenga, zomwe zidzakhudza kuchuluka ndi khalidwe la mbewu. Kawirikawiri, phosphorous yoposa potaziyamu ndi yabwino kwambiri kuti tomato ikule bwino.
Kupanda potaziyamu kwa nkhaka amatsogolera ku chiwonongeko cha chipatso (iwo amakhala ofanana ndi mapeyala), zikwapu zimatulutsidwa, masamba amasintha mtundu kukhala wakuda. Dyetsani chikhalidwechi chingakhale potaziyamu sulfate kapena phulusa. Potaziyamu magnesia kwa nkhaka amalimbikitsidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito monga mizu yopambana pa nthawi ya maluwa (10 g pa 10 l madzi) kuphatikiza ndi superphosphate.
Mphesa amafunika kudyetsa feteleza potash pachaka, zabwino kwambiri izi ndi phulusa. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito youma kapena kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi.
Mitundu ya feteleza ya potashi
Monga tanena kale, pali mitundu yambiri ya fetashi feteleza. Ndi nthawi yoti mudziwe zambiri za iwo.
Kuchokera pakuwona mankhwala, potashi zowonjezera zimagawanika kukhala kloride ndi sulphate, malingana ndi njira yopangira - yaiwisi ndi yowonjezera.
Mtundu uliwonse wa fetereza uli ndi mphamvu ndi zofooka zake, komanso zida za ntchito (chikhalidwe, dothi, nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito).
Potaziyamu chloride
Potaziyamu chloride - Feteleza wochuluka wa potashi. Ndi makhiristo a pinki, omwe amatha kuyamwa madzi mwakuya ndikusungunuka ndi zosungirako zosayenera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi lisasungunuke. 
Pulogalamu ya potaziyamu ya kloride imakhala yochepa kawiri klorini kusiyana ndi yomwe imapezeka mu sylvinite, yomwe mankhwalawa amapangidwa.
Komabe, ziyenera kumveka kuti feteleza monga potassium chloride ili ndi pafupifupi 40% ya chlorine, kotero izi siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mbewu za chlorophobic. Makamaka, izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa gulu la masamba: tomato, nkhaka, mbatata, nyemba, komanso nyumba zapakhomo.
Komabe, mwachitsanzo, udzu winawake ndi sipinachi zimazindikira kudya koteroko ndi chiyamiko chachikulu.
Mofanana ndi feteleza zina zotchedwa chlorini, potassium chloride imayambika m'dzinja, chifukwa mu chonchi muno chlorine imatsukidwa (imatuluka) kuchokera ku nthaka mofulumira.
Chosowa chachikulu cha feteleza ndizokwanira kukulitsa mchere m'nthaka ndi kuwonjezera acidity.
Mitengo ya potaziyamu chloride yodziwika momwe ntchito yake ikulima: fetereza imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yayitali musanabzalidwe, palibe chifukwa cholepheretsa kuwonjezera. Nthaka yolimba imalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu uwu wa fetereza ya potashi.
Potaziyamu sulfate (potaziyamu sulphate)
Potaziyamu sulphate - zing'onozing'ono zazikulu zamtambo, zosungunuka bwino m'madzi. Mosiyana ndi potassium chloride, iwo samatenga chinyontho ndipo samatseka. 
Potaziyamu sulphate mumapangidwe ake, kuphatikizapo, potassium ndi sulfure, imakhalanso ndi magnesium ndi calcium, yomwe imathandiza kwambiri zomera.
Sulfure, imalepheretsa kusungunuka kwa nitrates ndikukula motetezeka. Chifukwa cha ichi, potaziyamu sulfate ndibwino kuti manyowa azitsuka.
Potaziyamu sulphate ndi feteleza popanda chlorine, choncho ndi yabwino kwambiri kudzaza potaziyamu m'zinthu zonyansa zokhudzana ndi izi, komanso, Angagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi iliyonse komanso pafupifupi dothi lililonse.
Kupatulapo dothi losavuta, lomwe potaziyamu sulphate imatsutsana mofanana ndi potassium chloride, popeza zonsezi zimadzaza dziko ndi asidi.
Ndikofunikira! Potaziyamu sulphate sangagwiritsidwe ntchito kuphatikiza ndi laimu mchere zowonjezerapo.
Potaziyamu mchere
Potaziyamu, kapena potaziyamu, mchere Ndisakaniza potaziyamu kloride ndi sylvinite yamtengo wapatali kapena Kaini. Mpweya wa potaziyamu muzowonjezerazi ndi 40%. Chlorine potassium mchere ndi pakati pa potaziyamu chloride ndi sylvinite.
Zikuonekeratu kuti ma chlorini oterewa amachititsa potashi salts ngakhale zosayenera kuti feteleza zomera zithetse vutoli kuposa potassium chloride.
Mofanana ndi mavitamini ena owonjezera a klorini, potashi amchere amayamba mu nthawi yophukira yomwe imalowa pansi. M'chaka, fetereza imeneyi ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kokha ngati nthaka ikudzaza ndi chinyezi - izi zidzalola chlorini kutsuka, ndi potaziyamu - kuti zikhale pansi. M'nyengo yotentha, feteleza sangagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Sodium yomwe ili mumchere wa potaziyamu imadziwika bwino. shuga beet ndi mizu mbewu chakudya, pambali pake, zomera izi si chlorophobic. Mbewu za zipatso zimayankhira bwino pamadzi odzola a potaziyamu.
Ndikofunikira! Poyerekeza ndi potassium chloride, mlingo wamchere wa potaziyamu uyenera kuwonjezeka nthawi imodzi ndi theka. Ndi zakudya zina, feteleza izi ziyenera kusakanizidwa nthawi yomweyo musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito.
Potaziyamu nitrate
Potaziyamu nitrate lili ndi nayitrojeni mumapangidwe ake, omwe amachititsa feteleza kukhala zovuta zochititsa chidwi kukula ndi kukula bwino kwa zomera. Mofanana ndi potassium chloride, fetereza imeneyi iyenera kusungidwa pamalo ouma, mwinamwake imakhala yovuta ndipo imakhala yosayenera kuigwiritsa ntchito. 
Kawirikawiri amabweretsa kasupe, panthawi yomweyo ndikudzala, koma mazu a chilimwe amavomereza.
Mphamvu ya potaziyamu nitrate imadalira molingana ndi pH mlingo m'nthaka: nthaka ya alkali imatenga potassium, dothi la acidic silitenga nayitrogeni. Choncho, fetereza imayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthaka yopanda ndale.
Potaziyamu carbonate (potaziyamu carbonate)
Potaziyamu carbonate, potaziyamu carbonate, kapena potashi - Mtundu wina wa fetereza wopanda potori.
Chosavuta chachikulu chake chikuwonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo pang'ono ndi pang'ono chinyontho chimapangidwira mwamsanga, chimachepetsa ndi kutayika. Chifukwa chaichi, potashi sichitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza.
Pofuna kusintha zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi thupi, nthawi zina laimu limapangidwanso, komabe potassium carbonate sikuti nthawi zonse imakhala ndi malo oyenera kuti asinthe mchere wozungulira nthaka. Nyengo za chilimwe musanagwiritse ntchito nthawi zambiri zimasakaniza potash ndi peat muzofanana, zomwe zimachepetsanso kuti feteleza sichidziwikiratu.
Ndi kuchuluka kwa kutsekemera kwa potassium carbonate sikusiyana ndi kloride ya potaziyamu.
Zina mwa ubwino wa feteleza ziyenera kukhala zotheka kuzigwiritsa ntchito pa dothi losavuta.
Kalimagneziya (potaziyamu magnesium sulphate)
Kalimagnezia Komanso mulibe chlorine ndipo ndi yabwino kwambiri kwa feteleza mbatata, tomato ndi masamba ena. Kuphatikiza pa makhalidwe awa, mankhwalawa ali ndi magnesium, chifukwa cholimbikitsidwa kugwiritsira ntchito mchenga ndi mchenga, makamaka omwe akusowa potassium ndi magnesium.
Ubwino wa feteleza uyeneranso kuphatikizapo zochepa zowonongeka ndi zabwino zoperewera.
Wood phulusa
Chomera cha potaziyamu chopezeka padziko lonse ndi chonse phulusa. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ku dothi lonse, ngakhale zili ndi zosungira zina.
Choncho, dothi lokhala ndi carbonates, komanso dothi la alangizi sali bwino kwambiri kuti feteleza ndi phulusa. Зато она прекрасно дополнит состав тяжелого и подзолистого грунта, понизив его кислотность за счет извести, входящей в состав древесной золы.
Mukudziwa? Mu phulusa la mitengo yowonongeka, potaziyamu ndi 2-3 nthawi yaikulu kuposa mapulusa a conifers; mumphuno la mitengo yakale, zakudya zimakhala zochepa kwambiri kuposa ana.
Phulusa la nkhuni silikhala ndi chlorine. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga mumakonda komanso nthawi iliyonse imene mukufuna.Monga chowonjezera, phulusa limasakanizidwa ndi nthaka ya mbande. Mu yankho la phulusa, mukhoza kulimbitsa mbewu. Phulusa likhoza kuthiridwa pansi pa zomera mu mawonekedwe owuma kapena kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi kuti ulimi wothirira.
Ndikofunikira! Osakaniza phulusa ndi manyowa, zitosi za mbalame, feteleza feteleza ndi superphosphate.Manyowa a Potash ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa mbewu zaulimi. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta potaziyamu muli feteleza, sizingatheke kuwononga munda ndi munda kusiyana ndi kusowa kwa izi.
Chisamaliro chachikulu chiyenera kutengedwa ndi mitundu ina ya feteleza ya potashi yomwe ili ndi chlorine, popeza zomera zambiri zimazindikira kuti kulipo kwake m'nthaka kwambiri.
