Aliyense amene amalima zomera amadziwa kuti popanda kuvala, sipadzakhala mbewu, palibe mbewu zokadya, kapena mbewu zokongola. Zomera sizimakhala ndi zakudya zokwanira m'nthaka, kuwonjezera apo, si dothi lonse liri ndi thanzi, choncho mothandizidwa ndi mbeu za fetereza zimayenera kuthandizidwa. Nkhaniyi iyankhula za superphosphate ntchito yake ndi katundu.
Ntchito ya phosphorous mu chitukuko cha zomera: momwe mungadziwire kuti phosphorous ilibe
Udindo wa feteleza wa phosphate kwa zomera sungathe kuwonetsedwa motere: Chifukwa cha izi, mizu ya zomera imapangidwa ndi kulimbikitsidwa, makhalidwe a kukoma mtima akuwonjezeka, fruiting ikuwonjezeka ndi zotsatira zokhudzana ndi zowonongeka m'mitengo ya mbeu zimachepetsedwa. Mbewu ikakhala ndi phosphorous mokwanira, imagwiritsa ntchito chinyezi pang'ono, kuchuluka kwa shuga wothandiza kumawonjezeka m'thupi, zomera zimakula, maluwa amakhala ochuluka komanso obala. Ndi phosphorous yokwanira, fruiting yogwira, kuchapa mwamsanga, zokolola zambiri zimatsimikiziridwa. Chifukwa cha phosphorus, kukana kwa zomera ndi matenda, kusintha nyengo, komanso kukoma kwa zipatso kumawonjezeka.
Phosphorus kwa zomera - Ndizowonjezera, zimapangitsa kuti mbewuyo isinthe kuchokera ku nthawi yokula, pambuyo pa fruiting, kuyambitsa njira zonse zofunika pamoyo. Kulephera kwa phosphorous kumachepetsa njira za mapuloteni kaphatikizidwe komanso kumawonjezera mlingo wa nitrates m'matumba. Kuperewera kwa chiwerengero choyenera cha zinthu kumachepetsa kukula, kukula kwake kwa mbeu kumasintha mtundu. Chifukwa chosowa phosphorous, chomeracho chimakhala chowopsa kwambiri kwa matenda a fungal ndi mavairasi.
Kodi superphosphate n'chiyani?
Taonani zomwe feteleza za phosphate. Izi ndizomwe zimapangidwira bwino monga mtundu wa ufa kapena granules, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka mbewu zowonjezera ndi zakudya zonse zofunika. Zomwe feteleza zimapangidwa zimagawidwa m'magulu: zosavuta, ziwiri, granulated ndi ammoniated. Superphosphate ili ndi phosphorous, nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, magnesium, calcium ndi sulufule.
Kodi ndichifukwa ninji mumagwiritsa ntchito superphosphate
Phosphorous, imodzi mwazigawo zogwira ntchito, imakhudzidwa mu magawo onse ofunika a zomera, mu njira zamagetsi mu zinyama zamasamba, mu photosynthesis, poteteza chitetezo cha mthupi ndi kudyetsa maselo a zomera. M'nthaka, ngakhale m'thupi labwino kwambiri, palibe phosphorous yoposa 1%, ngakhale mankhwala ochepa ndi mfundoyi, choncho ndizofunikira kwambiri kudzaza vutoli mothandizidwa ndi mchere superphosphate. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa feteleza ya superphosphate kumakhala kovomerezeka ngati muwona kuti chitsamba chodetsedwa chakhala chakuda, chasanduka buluu kapena dzimbiri. Izi ndi zizindikiro za kusowa kwa phosphorous, kawirikawiri izi zimawonetseredwa mu mbande.
Ndikofunikira! Panthawi yovuta, pangakhale kutentha kwa kutentha, pamene mizu ya mizu imatha kuyamwa phosphorous m'nthaka. Mbande zimadyetsedwa ndi phosphorus, ndipo njira za kukula ndi chitukuko zimabwezeretsedwa.
Mitundu ya superphosphates
Superphosphate ili ndi mitundu yambiri, mankhwala ena amapangidwa ndi magnesium, boron, molybdenum ndi zinthu zina. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mwa izo zidzayang'anitsitsa.
Mukudziwa? Phosphorous ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa zomera, nyama, anthu ndi dziko lapansi lonse. Zomwe zili m'kati mwa chiwerengero cha dziko lapansi ndi 0.09%, zomwe zili m'madzi a m'nyanja ndi 0.07 mg pa lita imodzi. Phosphorus ilipo mchere wokwana 190, mu ziwalo za nyama ndi anthu, m'zinthu zonse ndi zipatso za zomera, mu mankhwala a DNA.
Zosavuta
Manyowa a superphosphate osavuta, kapena monophosphate, ndi mafuta otupa omwe ali ndi phosphorous mpaka 20 peresenti. Phulusa sichimangidwe. Komabe, poyerekeza ndi mitundu yapamwamba kwambiri yopanda ntchito. Chifukwa cha mtengo wotsika, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi alimi komanso ulimi wamakampani. Manyowawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozama kukumba m'chaka ndi kumapeto kwa 50 g pa mita imodzi, kuphatikiza ndi potashi ndi feteleza feteleza. Mukamabzala mitengo ya zipatso mumapanga 500 g patsiku, pamtengo wapatali wa mtengo wochuluka - kuyambira 40 mpaka 70 g. Kwa mbewu za masamba, mlingo wa ntchito ndi 20 g pa mita imodzi.
Pachiwiri
Double superphosphate imasiyanitsidwa ndi zomwe zimakhala ndi calcium phosphate kwambiri m'madzi. Manyowawa ali ndi 50% phosphorous, 6% sulfure ndi 2% nayitrogeni. Zowonjezerazo ndi granulated, palibe gypsum mu zomwe zili. Tiyeni tigwiritse ntchito pa mitundu yonse ya nthaka ndi zikhalidwe zonse. Feteleza imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumayambiriro kwa masika kapena autumn. Pogwiritsira ntchito makinawa, mutha kusintha mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa mbeu, kuchepetsa nyengo yakucha ya zipatso ndi zipatso. Mu ulimi wa mafakitale, kawiri superphosphate imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonjezera mapuloteni m'mbewu, ndi mu mafuta mbewu - kuwonjezera mafuta. Feteleza imagwiritsidwa ntchito patsiku ndi kumapeto pasanapite nthawi, kuti phosphorous isanagulitsidwe mu nthaka musanadzalemo kapena mbeu. Mbewu zomwe zimachepetsedwa ndi kufooka zimalimbikitsidwa kuthirira madzi ndi njira ya madzi ya double superphosphate. Gwiritsani ntchito makonzedwe ameneŵa ku mbewu zonse ndi mitundu yonse ya nthaka.
Zosakaniza
Granulated phosphate imapangidwa mwakhama, ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ikhale yogwiritsira ntchito granules, ikuwongolera kapangidwe ka ufa. Mlingo wa phosphorous mu granular superphosphate ndi 50%, zomwe zili ndi calcium sulfate ndi 30%. Cruciferous zomera makamaka bwino kuyankha granulated superphosphate. Superfosphate yowonongeka imasungidwa bwino, chifukwa iyo imatha kuswa, ndipo ikagwiritsidwa ntchito, iyo imasokoneza bwino. Ubwino winanso: sungakhazikitsidwe bwino pa nthaka, yomwe ndi yamtengo wapatali pa dothi la acidic ndi kuchuluka kwa aluminiyamu ndi chitsulo. Mu nthaka yosavomerezeka feteleza zimathandiza, kuphatikiza ndi choko, kuwonjezera mphamvu zake. Nthaŵi zambiri, granular superphosphate imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazilombo zazikulu zaulimi.
Ammonized
Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimaphatikizapo ammoniated superphosphate ndi chakuti mulibe gypsum, yomwe imasungunuka bwino m'madzi. Maonekedwe a ammoniated fetereza, kuphatikizapo phosphorous (32%), nayitrogeni (10%) ndi calcium (14%), ali ndi 12% ya sulfure, mpaka 55% ya potaziyamu sulphate. Iyi superphosphate ndi yamtengo wapatali kwa mbewu zamchere ndi cruciferous, zomwe zimafunikira kwambiri sulfur. Manyowawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ngati kuli kotheka, kuonetsetsa zizindikiro zamchere ndi alkali m'nthaka. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapangidwa ndi ammonicheni ndi chakuti sichimangiriza dothi, chifukwa asidi amayimitsidwa ndi ammonia. Mphamvu ya fetelezayi ndi 10% kuposa zamagulu ena.
Kugwirizana ndi feteleza ena
Zomwe zimakhala bwino kuti mutembenuzire superphosphate mu mawonekedwe omwe amapezeka kwa zomera ndi zizindikiro za acid acid za 6.2-7.5 pH ndi kutentha kosachepera 15 degrees Celsius. Pofuna kutsimikizira kuti izi zimakhala bwino komanso kuti phosphorous ilipo pamtunda, nthaka imawonongeka. Superphosphate imagwirizana kwambiri ndi laimu, phulusa ndi ufa wa dolomite.
Chenjerani! Sungunulani nthaka pasadakhale: mwezi umodzi isanafike kuwonjezeredwa kwa superphosphate.
Kuwonjezera phosphorous digestibility kuphatikizapo organic feteleza: humus, manyowa ndi mbalame zitosi.
Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito superphosphate
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa superphosphate kwa zomera kumalimbikitsidwa mwa njira yolowera mu nthaka pamene mukumba mu kugwa kapena pofesa mbewu. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati kuvala pamwamba pamene mukukula mbewu za m'munda, mitengo ya zipatso ndi zitsamba.
Mlingo woyenera wa zomera zamasamba:
- kumayambiriro kwa masika kapena autumn, pamene akumba, amawonjezera kuchokera 40 mpaka 50 g pa mita imodzi;
- mukamabzala mbande - 3 g mu dzenje lililonse;
- monga kuvala kwouma pamtunda mita - 15-20 g;
- kwa mitengo ya zipatso - kuyambira 40 mpaka 60 g pa mita imodzi yazungulira tsinde.
Zosangalatsa Kutulukira kwa phosphorus kumatchedwa Hennig Brand - katswiri wa zamaphunziro ku Hamburg. Mu 1669, wogulitsa malonda, pofuna kuyembekezera ndalama zake, anayesa kupeza mwala wa filosofi mothandizidwa ndi mayesero a alchemical. Mmalo mwake, iye anapeza chinthu chowala mu mdima.
Momwe mungapangire superphosphate
Kuchokera kwa superphosphate kumakonzedwa ndi alimi ambiri odziwa zomera. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri kuchita, chifukwa gypsum, yomwe ilipo mu mitundu ina ya feteleza, safuna kusungunuka m'madzi popanda madzi.
Pochita ndondomekoyi bwino, ndi bwino kuti titsatire izi:
- Tengani kapangidwe ka granular ndi madzi otentha (100 g pa lita imodzi).
- Onetsetsani bwino ndipo wiritsani kwa mphindi makumi atatu.
- Kuti asasiyane ndi dothi, kukanika kupyolera mu dothi lakuda.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, onetsetsani kuti 100 g ya chimbudzicho chidzalowetsa 20 g ya mankhwala owuma, mita imodzi ya dothi ikhoza kuchiritsidwa ndi hood. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa superphosphate kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa zomera, kumalimbitsa mbali za mlengalenga ndi mizu, kumalimbikitsa maluwa okongola ndipo, motero, kuchuluka kwa fruiting, kumawonjezera kukana kwa zomera ku matenda. Manyowa munda wanu ndi munda wanu wa zipatso, ndipo mbewu zomwe mukukula zidzayankha ndi zokolola zabwino.
