Mkaka ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali chomwe anthu akhala akudya nawo kuyambira kale. Waledzera ngati chakumwa chodziimira, komanso kuphatikizapo kupanga mbale zosiyanasiyana.
Ng'ombe ya mkaka ndi yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa azungu. Kodi chakumwa ichi ndi chothandiza ndi chiyani chomwe chiri ndi, tiyeni timvetse pamodzi.
Kalori ndi zakudya zabwino
Mphamvu ya 100 g (100 ml = 103 g) ya mankhwalawa ndi 60 kcal kapena 250 kJ. Mkaka umodzi wa mkaka mu makilogalamu uli pafupifupi 370 g wa ng'ombe kapena 700 g wa mbatata.
Pafupifupi, 100 g zakumwa zili:
- mapuloteni - 3.2 g;
- mafuta - 3.25 g;
- Zakudya - 5.2 g;
- madzi - 88 g;
- Nkhani yowuma - 12.5%.
Mukudziwa? Ku Russia wakale, kuti athetse kuyesa, chule linaponyedwa mumtsuko mkaka.
Zomwe zili mu mkaka wa ng'ombe
Mankhwalawa ndi ma caloric okhuta mkaka sizowonjezereka.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti kuchuluka kwa mchere, mavitamini komanso kuchuluka kwa mafuta kumadalira nthawi, momwe zimakhalira ndi ng'ombe, mndandanda ndi boma la thanzi, zaka komanso zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudza mkaka ndi mkaka.
Ngakhalenso pa lactation imodzi pachaka, nthawi yomwe ili pafupi masiku 300, maonekedwe, maonekedwe ndi kukoma kwa zakumwa amasintha katatu.
Monga zakudya zambiri, mkaka uli ndi mapuloteni, mafuta, chakudya, mavitamini ndi mchere. Timayang'anitsitsa bwinobwino mankhwala omwe amamwa mowa.
Pezani njira ndi njira zamakono za mkaka wa ng'ombe.
Magologololo
Amakhulupirira kuti mapuloteni ndiwo zinthu zamtengo wapatali kwambiri mu mkaka. Makamaka, zakumwazo zili ndi mapuloteni athunthu, kuphatikizapo 20 amino acid, kuphatikizapo 8 zofunika. 
Casein ndi mapuloteni ovuta omwe ubwino ndi kuvulaza munthu zimayambitsa zokambirana zambiri. Chimodzi mwa kafukufuku wapamwamba wa sayansi chikusonyeza kuti casein ikhoza kukhala yofanana ndi thupi la munthu mpaka lipitirira zaka 9-10. Kenaka nthenda yotchedwa rennin enzyme, yomwe imayambitsa zowonongeka, siipangidwanso.
Choncho, pofuna kuthyola mapuloteni, mimba imapanga ma hydrochloric acid ambiri. Casein amawerengera pafupifupi 81 peresenti ya mapuloteni onse mu mkaka.
Pezani chifukwa chake pali magazi mkaka wa ng'ombe.Chakumwacho chimakhalanso ndi mapuloteni a whey - albumin (0,4%) ndi globulin (0.15%). Izi ndi agologolo osavuta omwe alibe kukayikira. Amakhala ndi amino acid ndi sulfure zofunika. Thupi laumunthu limawakhudza ndi 96-98%.
Mapuloteni ena omwe ali mbali ya mkaka ndipo ndi ofunika kwa anthu ndi ma globules olemera. Mitundu yomwe imaphatikizapo kupanga ma lecithin-mapuloteni ovuta.
Mapuloteni mu mkaka: kanema
Mafuta a Mkaka
Mafuta a mkaka ali ndi mawonekedwe a mipira ndi mapaundi a 0.5-10 microns, omwe amaikidwa mu chipolopolo chokhala ndi maofesi osiyanasiyana. Mafuta ali ndi zidulo - oleic, palmitic, zophika, kaproic, capric, mafuta osalowerera, komanso zinthu zokhudzana ndi mafuta monga phospholipids, lecithin, kefalin, cholesterol, ergosterol.
Thupi la munthu limatenga mafuta a mkaka ndi 95%.
Ndikofunikira! Ngakhale kuti zamoyo ndi zosavomerezeka, pali lingaliro lakuti mafuta a mkaka, chifukwa cha mafuta okhudzana ndi mafuta, angapangitse mafuta ambiri m'thupi ndipo amawopsa kuti athe matenda a atherosclerosis ndi matenda a mtima.
Mkaka wamchere (lactose)
Mkaka wa Mkaka ndiwo wokhawokha umene umapangitsa mwana wakhanda kubadwa kupyolera mu chakudya. Chitsimikizo chopindulitsa cha lactose ndikuti ndi gwero la mphamvu ndipo amagwira nawo ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito kashiamu.
Lactose imaphwanya mavitamini a lactase. Mkaka wa Mkaka umachepa pang'onopang'ono ndi m'mimba ndi m'matumbo. Ndipo kulowa mu colon, kumayambitsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya opindulitsa omwe amabweretsa lactic acid ndi kulepheretsa chitukuko cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mkaka wa Mkaka umatengedwa ndi thupi la munthu ndi 99%.
Video: lactose yothandiza mu mkaka
Mavitamini
Mavitamini mu mkaka, ng'ombe zikupezeka:
- vitamini A (retinol) - 28 mg;
- Vitamini B1 (thiamine) - 0.04 mg;
- vitamini B2 (riboflavin) - 0.18 mg;
- Vitamini B12 (Cobalamin) - 0.44 mcg
- Vitamini D - 2 IU.
Pezani zomwe amadzi ozizira amachititsa ndi zomwe iwo ali.Thiamine amagwira nawo ntchito zamagetsi, zimayambitsa ubongo, kupanga mapangidwe a magazi.
Riboflavin ndilofunika kuti ntchito yodalirika ikhale yoyenera. Amachita nawo machitidwe a redox, kutembenuka kwa amino acid, kaphatikizidwe ka mavitamini osiyanasiyana.
Ntchito yaikulu ya cobalamin ndi kutenga nawo mbali popanga maselo ofiira a m'magazi ndi mitsempha ya mitsempha, komanso pochita maselo.
Ubwino wa vitamini D ndiwothandiza kwambiri. Popanda izo, mphamvu ya metabolism, momwe phosphorus ndi calcium zimagwirira ntchito, ntchito ya mitsempha ya mitsempha sizingatheke.
Ndikofunikira! Ngakhale kuti mkaka umapindulitsa kwambiri kwa anthu, sayenera kudyedwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kusagwirizana kwa lactose, matenda a m'mimba, chiwindi, kapangidwe.
Mineral substances
Mkaka wonse uli ndi mchere pafupifupi 50.
Chofunika kwambiri mwa iwo ndi:
- calcium - 100-140 mg;
- magnesiamu - 10 mg;
- potaziyamu - 135-170 mg;
- phosphorus - 74-130 mg;
- sodium, 30-77 mg;
- klorini - 90-120 mg.
Kalisiamu mukumwa imayamikidwa bwino ndi njira yopatsa munthu ndipo imakhala ndi phosphorous. Mphamvu yake imadalira zakudya, mtundu, lactation gawo, nthawi ya chaka. M'nyengo yozizira, ndizochepa kuposa nyengo yozizira.
Phosphorous amakhala wodalirika komanso wosadalira pang'ono pazinthu zakunja. Choncho, m'zaka zachisanu nyengo yake ingathe kuchepetsedwa. Koma mtundu wa nyama, ubwino wa chakudya chake ndi lactation zimakhudza kwambiri zomwe zili.
Pezani zomwe zimathandiza ndi kukonzekera mkaka ndi sinamoni, mkaka ndi adyo, mkaka ndi propolis.Mkakazi wa mkaka wa ng'ombe sizing'ono, koma izi ndi zofunika kwambiri kuti apange chitetezo cha ana, kukula kwake ndi chitukuko.
Mlingo wa potaziyamu ndi sodium umasiyana malinga ndi thupi la nyama, komanso amasiyana pang'ono nthawi zosiyanasiyana.
Pang'ono pokha mukumwa muli zochitika: chitsulo, mkuwa, zinki, manganese, cobalt, ayodini, silicon, selenium, ndi zina zotero.
Mavitamini a mkaka wa zinyama zina
Mkaka wa khola ndiwo mitundu yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa zinyama zina. Mkaka wa mbuzi ndi wochepa kwambiri womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mitundu ina imagwiritsa ntchito ngamila, nkhosa ndi imodzi yoperekedwa ndi lamas. 
Malingana ndi mtundu wa zakudya zokhudzana ndi nyama komanso kupanga mkaka mosiyana kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti aliyense ali ndi mafuta, mapuloteni, chakudya, mavitamini ndi mchere. Pansipa mudzapeza chiwerengero cha madzi omwe amapezeka m'mimba ya mammary ya nyama zakutchire.
| Mkaka wamtundu | Mapuloteni,% | Mafuta% | Zakudya (lactose),% | Madzi% | Nkhani Yowuma,% | Zamchere min |
| Mbuzi | 3-3,3 | 3,6-6 | 4,4-4,9 | 86,3-88,9 | 13,7 | calcium - 143; phosphorus - 89; potaziyamu - 145; sodium - 47 |
| Mare | 2,1-2,2 | 0,8-1,9 | 5,8-6,7 | 89,7-89,9 | 10,1 | calcium - 89; phosphorus - 54; potaziyamu - 64 |
| Ngamira | 3,5-4 | 3-4,5 | 4,9-5,7 | 86,4-86,5 | 13,6 | |
| Wokondedwa | 10-10,9 | 17,1-22,5 | 2,5-3,3 | 63.3-67,7 | 34,4-36,7 | |
| Nkhosa | 5,9 | 6,7 | 4,8 | 18,4 | calcium - 178; phosphorus - 158; potaziyamu - 198; sodium - 26 |
Mukudziwa? Amwenye, Afirika, Amwenye a ku America ndi anthu okhala kumwera kwakumwera kwa Asia alibe jini yomwe imayambitsa mavitamini a lactose. Choncho, mkaka umangotengedwa ndi ana osakwana zaka zisanu. Akulu samamwa chifukwa cha kusagwirizana.Motero, mkaka ndi zakumwa zotchuka, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi nthambi yaikulu zamakampani. Chakumwa ndi chofunika kwambiri kwa anthu, chifukwa chiri ndi zinthu zingapo zofunika, makamaka mapuloteni, mafuta a mkaka, shuga la mkaka, mavitamini, macro- ndi microelements. Komabe, simungathe kumwa zonsezo. Anthu ena amatsutsana ndi zakumwa izi.
