Chipatala cha Colorado (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) ndi cha banja la kachilomboka, tsamba la kachilomboka. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa tizirombo toopsa kwambiri m'munda ndi ndiwo zamasamba, zomwe zimawononga kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Chifukwa cha mtundu wake wa mikwingwirima yakuda iwiri iliyonse ya elytra, kachilomboka kotchedwa Colorado mbatata kamakhala ndi dzina lake, lomwe kwenikweni limatanthauza mizere khumi mu Latin.
Zikuoneka ngati kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata
Anthu ambiri amadziwa zomwe kachilomboka kameneka kamapezeka ku Colorado kamangoyang'ana ngati - kowoneka bwino kwambiri, kamene kasupe kamene kali ndi mtundu wa lalanje. Kuphatikizana uku kumawonekera kwambiri m'munda wobiriwira. Mkazi ndi wamkulu kwambiri ndipo ndi wolemera kuposa amuna. Thupi la imago ndi lozungulira, m'litali limatha kufika 8 mpaka 15 mm, m'lifupi - pafupifupi 7 mm. Mimba ya malalanje ndi mawanga wakuda. Kapangidwe kakang'ono ka thupi la kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata kamakhala ndi mawonekedwe okhwima, pansi - pogona. Mapiko okhala ndi mapiko ali bwino kwambiri ndipo amalola tizilombo kuti tibwere maulendo ataliatali. Mutu wa kachilomboka ndi wochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi thupi, lomwe lili pafupi kwambiri ndipo limatembenuzidwa pang'ono, lopangidwa mofanana.
Chikumbuchi chimakhala ndi miyendo itatu ya miyendo. Miyendo yaing'ono ya kachilomboka ndi yofooka, ndi zobaya za tizilombo. Maso ali pambali, akuda, ali ndi maonekedwe a nyemba. Pamaso pali zitsulo, zomwe zili ndi zigawo khumi.
Mphutsi ya Colorado mbatata kachilomboka ndi pafupifupi 1.5 masentimita yaitali, ndi mutu wakuda wakuda. Thunthu la lava la bulawuni, lomwe limakhala lofiirira, limakhala ndi mizere iwiri ya madontho aang'ono pamdima.
Mazira a tizilombo timawoneka ndi lalanje, mtundu wake umakhala ndi mazira 60 ochepa.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata kakuwonongedwa, theka la mtundu wobiriwira wa chitsamba cha mbatata, zokolola zake zidzagwa ndi magawo atatu.
Kodi kachilomboka ka mbatata ya Colorado kachokera kuti
Chiyambi cha kachilomboka kotchedwa Colorado mbatata kamayamba ndi Mexico, kuchokera kumpoto chakum'maŵa kwake, kuchokera kumene inafalikira ku United States. Mu 1859, tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa tinayambitsa minda ya mbatata m'chigawo cha Colorado, kenaka idatchedwa kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata. Zimakhulupirira kuti tizilombo timabweretsa ku Ulaya m'ma 1870 ndi sitima zoyendayenda ku Atlantic. Chiberekerochi chinasinthidwa kuti chikhale ndi moyo ku France ndi England ndipo chimafalitsidwa ku mayiko onse a ku Ulaya.
M'zaka za m'ma 1940, pamene kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata kawonekera koyamba ku USSR, ogwira ntchito kumapulasitala ndi mabungwe a kugawidwa kwaokha akuyesera kupulumutsa nthaka, koma tizilombo tomwe tinayendayenda tinayenda mofulumira kudera lonse la dziko lalikulu. Mvula yoyenera, mbewu zazikulu za kachilomboka ndi mphutsi zake, ndipo zizindikiro zake zimakhudza kwambiri kuthetsa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. 
Poyesa kuyankha funso la kumene kachilomboka ka Colorado kamatulukako kameneka kanachokera ku Ukraine, akatswiri ambiri a sayansi ya zamoyo akuvomereza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa tinatuluka kwambiri ku Hungary ndiyeno ku Czechoslovakia pamphepo yotentha kwambiri, pamene mlengalenga munachititsa kuti kufalikira kwake kwakukulu komanso kofulumira.
Chomwe chimadyetsa kachilomboka kakang'ono ka colorado
Chilomboka cha Colorado mbatata ndi wosusuka, makamaka popeza m'minda imakula mokwanira zomwe zimadya - mbewu zosungunuka: mbatata, phwetekere, biringanya, tsabola wokoma; tizilombo timadya fodya, nightshade, nkhuni, henbane, physalis ndi petunia. Mphutsi ndi imago chakudya pa mphukira zazing'ono, maluwa ndi masamba a zomera, ndi m'dzinja nthawi - pa mbatata tubers. Kawirikawiri, kachilomboka kamakhala m'madera ochepa omwe amafesa, amadya gawo limodzi la mbeu, kenaka amapita kumalo ena, ndipo miyambo yomwe imakhudzidwa imakhala yowuma kenako imafa. Popeza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amafalitsa ndi kufalitsa mofulumira, ndipo masamba ndi zimayambira za zomera zimadyedwa ndi akuluakulu ndi mphutsi. Chiwonongeko cha Colorado mbatata kachilomboka ndi kwakukulu ndipo chikhoza kuwerengedwa mu mahekitala a minda yokonzedwa.
Mukudziwa? Akuluakulu a Colorado mbatata ya mbatata akhoza kugona pansi kwa zaka zitatu, kenako amatha kuwoneka pamwamba - ndi momwe amachitira ndi zaka zanjala.
Kubereka kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata
M'chaka, masiku atatu kapena asanu mutatha kuuluka kwa udzu wa Colorado pa nthaka, njira yoberekera ikuyamba, yomwe imatha mpaka m'dzinja. Mbalame zamphongo, akazi amaika mazira pa chiwerengero cha 20-70 zidutswa m'malo osungira kumbuyo kwa masamba kapena mu mphukira za mphukira. Pambuyo masiku 7-20, mphutsi imathamanga kuchoka ku dzira, yomwe imadutsamo pophunzira, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timawoneka. Mphutsi zomwe zangobwera kuchokera ku dzira zili ndi mamita 3 mm ndipo zimadyetsa kale masamba obiriwira. Moyo wa tizilombowu udzakambidwa mwatsatanetsatane mu ndime yotsatirayi. Chiberekero chimodzi chachikazi pa nyengo chimatha kuika mazira chikwi.
Zinthu zabwino kwambiri zobereka ndi kubweretsa chitukuko cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kutentha kwa 21 + +23 ° С ndi chinyezi pamlingo wa 70-80%. Pa kutentha pansipa +15 ° C kubereka sikuchitika.
Moyo wa chikumbu cha mbatata cha Colorado
Ngati kugwa kwachikazi kumakhala ndi nthawi yofota, kumapeto kwa nthawi yozizira, amaika mazira, omwe masabata awiri amatha. Chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino cha kukula kwa mphutsi za kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata ndi magulu anayi a zaka, omwe amatha kukhala ndi molt. Pa gawo loyambirira la zaka, tsitsi la imvi liri ndi tsitsi lonse, thupi lake lifika kutalika kwa 1.6-2.5 mm, ndipo limadyetsa thupi lachikondi la masamba aang'ono. Mu gawo lachiwiri la msinkhu, mphutsi ndi ya pubescent pang'ono ndi tsitsi, kutalika kwake ndi 2.5-4.5 mm, imadyetsa gawo lofewa la tsamba, ndikudya lisanayambe. Gawo lachitatu la mphutsi limadutsa mtundu wa njerwa, thupi lifika 5-9 mm. Gawo lachinayi la zaka ndilo kutalika kwa mphutsi ndi 10-15 mm, mtunduwo umachokera ku chikasu-lalanje ndi mtundu wa chikasu wofiira, panthawiyi tizilombo tizilombo timene timakhala tizilombo tomwe timakhala tambirimbiri tisanafike. 
Ndikofunikira! Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa minda yaulimi kumayambitsidwa ndi mphutsi za Colorado mbatata kachilomboka, komwe kumafuna zakudya zambiri kuti zitheke.
Chakudya cha mphutsi za kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata ndi kolimba kwambiri, ndipo pafupifupi masamba onse a chomera akuwonongedwa. Pakatha masabata awiri kapena atatu, mphutsi imasambira 10-15 masentimita m'nthaka yophunzitsira. Malingana ndi kutentha kwa dziko lapansi, larva pupates masiku 10-18. Mbewu pupa ndi lalanje kapena pinki, kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi 9 mm ndi m'lifupi ndi 6 mm, pambuyo pa maola ochepa mtundu wake umasintha kuti ukhale bulauni. Pakati pa miyezi ya m'dzinja, kachilomboka kamakhalabe m'nyengo yozizira, osakwera pamwamba. Ngati kusandulika kukhala anthu akuluakulu kumachitika m'nyengo ya chilimwe, chilimwe chimapita kumtunda.
M'masiku oyambirira 8-21 a moyo, imago imadyetsa, kusunga zakudya zomwe zingakhale zothandiza kwazomwe zimakhala zogwiritsira ntchito. Chiberekero chachikulu chimatha kuyenda mtunda wa makilomita makumi asanu kuchokera kumalo kumene mphutsi imathamanga kuchoka ku dzira. Kuphatikiza pa hibernation, nyongolotsi zimatha kuchepetsa ntchito nthawi yowuma kapena yotentha, kugona tulo tofa kwa masiku makumi atatu, kenako ntchito yake ikupitirira. Pakati pa moyo wa Colorado mbatata kachilomboka ndi zaka 2-3, pomwe zimakhala nthawi yayitali.
Kodi ndi kuti ndi motani momwe zimachitikira ku Colorado mbatata kachilomboka
Kumeneko kachilomboka ka mbatata ka Colorado kamakhala m'nyengo yozizira - funso ili limakondweretsa wamaluwa ambiri omwe akulimbana ndi tizilombo toopsatu. Pambuyo pa kachilomboka kakang'ono kakuwonekera kuchokera ku ziphuphu kumagwa, imakhalabe mpaka nyengo yozizira mpaka masika pa makulidwe a dziko lapansi. Mbalame zambiri m'dzinja zimayikidwa pansi pa nyengo yachisanu, ndipo zimatha kupulumuka mpaka 9 ° C. Nyengo yozizira yowonongeka imachitika m'nthaka mozama masentimita 15-30, mu nthaka ya mchenga kachilomboka kamatha kulowa mozama kuya theka la mita. Chiwerengero chochepa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chimatha kufa, koma, monga lamulo, tizilombo timalekerera bwino nyengo yachisanu, pokhala ndi nthawi yayitali. Nthaka ikamera mpaka 14 ° C ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya kuli pamwamba pa 15 ° C, nyamakazi imayamba kuwuka kuchokera ku hibernation ndipo pang'onopang'ono zimayendayenda padziko lonse kufunafuna chakudya.
Mukudziwa? Mkazi, yemwe anaika mazira, amakhalabe ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri, chifukwa samasunga kuchuluka kwa mafuta.
Chikumbu Chobodza Chobodza
Alipo m'chilengedwe kachilomboka ka mbatata (Leptinotarsa juncta), yomwe ndi yaing'ono kwambiri kuposa Colorado ndipo imasiyana ndi mtunduwo. Kutalika kwa kachilombo konyenga kawirikawiri sikapitirira 8mm, elytra imakhala yojambulidwa pophatikiza mikwingwirima yoyera, yakuda ndi yachikasu, miyendo imakhala yamdima, ndipo mimba ndi yofiirira. Chikumbu chabodza sichisokoneza ulimi, chifukwa chimakondera zomera zakutchire za nightshade - Caroline ndi zokoma, komanso Physalis. Chilombo chabodza sichidya mbatata ndipo sichigwiritsira ntchito nsonga zake zobereketsa, monga zikhalidwe zina zokoma za kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata.
