Nthawi zina, zikuwoneka kuti kumera munda wamphesa si chinthu chachikulu, chifukwa ndi chikhalidwe chosadzichepetsa.
Koma, ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi thanzi labwino la mphesa, muyenera kudziwa zina zomwe mukubzala ndikuzisamalira.
Mphesa za "Isabella" si zokoma zokha, koma zokongola kwambiri.
Nthawi zina amatha kubzala malowa, chifukwa, pamtunda wobiriwira wa masamba, wakuda buluu, pafupifupi wakuda, zipatso zimawoneka bwino.
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana
Pofotokoza za mitundu yosiyanasiyana tiyenera kuzikumbukira kuti "Isabella" ndi tebulo-zojambula zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, choncho zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga juzi ndi vinyo. Mafuta ochokera ku "Isabella" amakhala ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso otsutsa mabakiteriya, koma vinyo amaletsedwa m'mayiko ena a ku Ulaya. Malingana ndi kafukufuku wopangidwa, vinyo opangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa ali ndi kuchuluka kwa methanol, yomwe sivomerezedwa ndi miyezo ya EU.
Koma ndikuyenera kudziwa kuti pali mankhwala apamwamba a methanol omwe amamwa mowa kwambiri, choncho pali chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti vinyo wa Isabella waletsedwa ndi njira yopezera mpikisano wosafunikira ku France ndi mayiko ena. Ku Russia, vinyo wofiira wonyezimira kuchokera ku mitunduyi ndi wotchuka kwambiri.
Magulu a "Isabella" Zimakhala ndi sing'anga, kukula, zakuda, ndi zokhala ndi mtundu wa bluish, zipatso, zophimbidwa ndi patina woyera wandiweyani. Nyama, yotetezedwa ndi wandiweyani, wandiweyani khungu, imakhala pang'ono mucous ndipo imatchedwa sitiroberi kukoma. Nthawi ya kukula msinkhu ndi masiku 180 kuchokera pamene mphukira yapuma. Gululo palokha liri la kukula kwapakati, ndipo mitengo ya mpesa ndi yamphamvu.
Zomera "Isabella" ali pafupifupi 70 c / ha. Chizindikiro ichi chimasiyana malinga ndi nyengo ndi chisamaliro choyenera cha munda. Mwa kucha "Isabella" amatanthauza mitundu yochedwa. Mukhoza kukolola kumapeto kwa September.
Ubwino wa mitundu iyi ya mphesa
Ntchito yosadalirika ya mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi imapangitsa kuti chisanu chizizira, zomwe mosakayikira zimachepetsa chisamaliro cha munda wamphesa, chifukwa sichiteteza chitetezo chokwanira ngati kutaya kapena kukulunga ndi zipangizo zotentha nthawi ya chisanu. Kuwonjezera apo, izi zosiyanasiyana zimatsutsana kwambiri ndi matenda ambiri a fungal ndi tizirombo monga phylloxera.
Mphesa yamphesa yakale ikawonongeka kapena nthambi ya nthambi zazikulu kapena masamba amatha kupanga mphukira zazing'ono, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azikolola mbewu zonse nthawi zonse.
Amayankha bwino kuwonjezeka kwa dothi la nthaka, limasinthasintha bwino kumadera osiyanasiyana a dziko lapansi, koma wina sayenera kuiwala kuti kumpoto madera osiyanasiyana a mphesa sangakhale ndi nthawi yakuvunda musanafike nyengo yozizira.
Zowononga kalasi "Isabella"
Zina mwa zolephera za "Isabella" zikuphatikizapo kulekerera kulephera kwa chilala. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, mphamvu ya kukula ya mpesa imachepa ndipo masamba akugwa. Zotsalirazi ndizo patebulo-luso, kotero ntchito yake yayitali yachepetsedwa kuti isinthidwe mu timadziti kapena vinyo.
Zomwe zimabzala mphesa
Mphesa ndi chikhalidwe chosadzichepetsa. Ikhoza kumera pa nthaka iliyonse, ngakhale m'madera osauka. Koma ndithudi musanafike Ndi bwino kufufuza ndikupeza mtundu wamtundu wanu pa intaneti. Ngati dothi ndi dothi, ndikofunika kuti mpesa upange madzi abwino, ngati malowa ali ndi peti yambiri - muyenera kuwonjezera mchenga. Malo a mchenga ayenera kumangidwa bwino ndi manyowa kapena kompositi.
Chinthu chokha chimene mphesa ziribe ndi zabwino kwambiri mitsinje yamchere. Ndi bwino kusankha malo abwino kwambiri, abwino kuti chodzala akhale malo otsetsereka, oyang'ana kum'mwera kapena kum'mwera chakumadzulo. Ngati palibe kotheka kubzala, sankhani malo pafupi ndi khoma la nyumbayi, yomwe idzatentha dzuwa ndi mpesa nthawi yachisanu. Simungabzalitse tchire la mphesa kumalo komwe mphepo yozizira imayambira, ndipo madzi apansi ali pafupi.
Masiku 14 asanafike Zimalangizidwa kukumba mipesa bwino, kusakaniza nthaka ya asidi ndi laimu mu chiŵerengero cha 200g pa 1 mita imodzi.
Momwe mungasankhire nthawi yabwino yopita
Nthaŵi yobzala ikhoza kusankhidwa nthawi zonse masika ndi m'dzinja. Ngati mutasankha kuti kasupe ndi bwino, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyembekezera kuti dziko lapansi liume bwino ndikuwongolera. Kum'mwera ndikofika pa 15 May, ndipo kumpoto, patapita nthawi pang'ono, kumapeto kwa May.
Zomwe zinachitikira winegrowers amalangiza kubzala munda m'dzinja, chifukwa panthawiyi n'zosatheka kusankha bwino kubzala zakuthupi, komanso, mpesa, umene unabzala bwino nthawi yophukira nthawi, udzayamba kukula mwamsanga ndipo udzabala chipatso pamaso pa kasupe mbande. Ndipotu, m'nyengo yozizira, mizu yake idzakula kwambiri ndipo idzakula.
Kudyetsa nthawi yamadzinso kumadalira kuyandikira kwa kuyamba kwa chisanu choyamba m'deralo. Choncho, kutentha (kutentha) kumakhala kozizira (m'dzinja), malo adasankhidwa, dothi lakonzedwa, ndipo mukhoza kupitiriza kubzala mpesa.
Mtsamba umodzi wa mphesa udzafunikira kuchoka pafupifupi 80/80 / 80cm. Pansi pa dzenje ayenera kuthiridwa ndi masentimita 10, chifukwa chaichi, miyala yaing'ono, miyala kapena miyala yophwanyika idzakhala yoyenera kuti pasakhale chinyezi cha chinyezi muzu wa chitsamba.
Pakati penipeni pamapeto pake pakhala chithandizo kuchokera ku msomali kapena kukhwima. Timaphimba madzi osanjikizidwa ndi nthaka, kenako ndi feteleza (pafupifupi 3 ndowa za manyowa kapena kompositi, 300 g ya superphosphates, 100 g wa salitsi ya potaziyamu ndi phulusa lina). Chotsatiracho chimayambitsidwa bwino, ndipo dzenje la 1/3 likuphatikizidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa dziko lapansi. Pakati pa chithandizo timapanga mchenga wa nthaka ndikuyika sapling.
Pofuna kubzala bwino mphesa, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zitsamba zamodzi kapena ziwiri zakubadwa, ndi mizu yabwino komanso yakucha.
Asanafike kuchepetsani mizu yayikulu pansi pa mmera mpaka 15cm. Mizu yodwala ndi yoonongeka imachotsedwa. Ngati mizu ikukula bwino, ndiye gwiritsani ntchito kuyendayenda kumera kwa node zonse. Pamodzi ndi mizu yodulidwa ndikuthawa, imasiyapo mpaka 4 mwa masamba aakulu kwambiri. Nthawi yotsalayo musanadzalemo, kudula mmerawo kusungidwa m'madzi.
Atakhazikitsa chitsamba mmalo otsetserekera ndikofunikira kumangiriza ndi kuyendetsa bwino mizu. Pansi pansi timadzaza nthaka kotero kuti msinkhu wa kusinthana kwa mbeu kapena malo a nthambi ya mphukira ndi 3 cm kuposa mtunda wa nthaka. Mosamala prikapayem chitsamba, pang'onopang'ono compacting pansi. Limbikitsani bwino malo otsetsereka.
Manyowa nthaka kuzungulira mmera peat kapena humus. Malinga ndi dera lodzala mphesa pali zinthu zing'onozing'ono. Kumadera akum'mwera, mphesa zimagwedezeka kufika pamtunda wa masentimita 20 kuti zisaume. Kumtunda kwa kumpoto, ndibwino kuti sapling akumbe ngalande mpaka 50 masentimita kuti mizu ya mphesa ikhale yozama kwambiri m'nthaka ndipo isakhale yozizira.
Mtunda pakati pa mizere ya tchire uyenera kuwonetsedwa mpaka 2m, ndi mtunda pakati pa mbande zokha - 1.5m. Kutalika kwa mmera ku khoma ndi 50 cm, koma onetsetsani kuti madzi akuyenda kuchokera padenga sagwera pa tchire chobzala.
Ndi bwino kudzala munda wamphesa pamtunda umodzi, motero udzawoneka bwino kuchokera kumbali zonse. Ngati zinthu zonse zatha, ndiye kuti mphesa zanu zidzakhazikika ndipo zidzasangalala ndi mphukira zazing'ono. Ndipotu, nzeru zochepa kwambiri. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, masamba oyamba ayamba kale. Mphukira zambiri zimamangirizidwa ku chithandizo chokhazikika kapena ndi zikhomo.
Zinsinsi Zosamalira Wamphesa
Kuthirira
Mofanana ndi mbewu iliyonse yobala zipatso, mphesa zimafuna madzi okwanira pa nthawi yake ndi okwanira, makamaka ngati nyengo yayuma kwambiri. Koma, chinyezi chokwanira, nayonso, ndi chovulaza ndithu. Pakukolola kwa tsango, ndi kuthirira mopitirira muyeso, zipatso zidzaphulika ndipo, motero, zidzataya kukoma ndi maonekedwe awo.
Mukamwetsa Tiyeneranso kulingalira pa nthaka yomwe munda wamphesa wabzalidwa. Ngati dothi liri lolemera dongo, ndiye kuti liyenera kuthiridwa mochepa, koma ndi madzi okwanira mokwanira. Pa dothi lakuda mchenga, chinyezi sichitha kwa nthawi yaitali, kotero mumayenera kuthira mobwerezabwereza komanso mochepa.
Komanso musaiwale ganizirani nyengokumene munda wamphesa wabzalidwa. Pambuyo pake, nthawi zambiri ndi ulimi wambiri wothirira zimadalira kutentha ndi kutentha kwa mlengalenga, kuya kwa madzi pansi, mphesa mitundu (oyambirira kapena mochedwa) komanso nthawi yoyamba chisanu.
Pambuyo kukolola mpesa ndi kawirikawiri madzi. Kuthira kotsiriza kwa autumn, komwe kumachitika ndi madzi ochulukirapo, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti akwaniritse zigawo zakuya za chinyezi ndi chinyontho ndi kukonzekera mpesa kuti nyengo ifike bwino.
Kuti mukhale ndi chinyezi chabwino kwa mizu, zinyumba zopapatiza zingathe kukonzedwa kuti madzi asafalikire kuzungulira chitsamba. Pambuyo kuthirira, ndibwino kumasula nthaka kuzungulira mphesa, kuti mpweya wabwino ulowemo ndi kusungidwa kwa madzi kwa nthawi yaitali. Ndiwothandiza kwambiri kuphatikiza slurry fetereza ndi ulimi wothirira. Zochitika zoterezi zimathandiza kuti mtendere wa mphesa ukhale wabwino.
Dothi la mphesa la mulching
Kuthamanga kwa nthaka - Imeneyi ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri yopanga ulimi, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wamaluwa omwe amadziwa bwino komanso omwe amamwa vinyo. Kuchita kwake kumayendetsedwa ku zinthu zambiri, mwachitsanzo:
- kusunga chinyezi padziko lapansi kuzungulira chikhalidwe;
- kulimbikitsa zakudya za chitsamba champhesa;
- Kulepheretsa maonekedwe a chiwombankhanga panthaka, zomwe zimachepetsa kupeza kwa oxygen ku mizu;
- kuchotsa ndi kulepheretsa kukula kwa namsongole;
- chokhazikika cha dothi leaching kuzungulira mpesa pamtunda;
- kuteteza mizu ku kuzizira, panthawi ya chisanu, m'nyengo yozizira.
Monga chuma cha mulch, mungagwiritsire ntchito feteleza organic (manyowa, manyowa ndi kompositi), pine ndi spruce nthambi (chisanu chitetezo), utuchi, udzu, bango, kugwa masamba (kokha ngati alibe matenda ndi tizirombo), peat crumb ndi zina .
Mulch Zitha kuphatikizidwa (zopangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu) kapena zofanana. Ophunzira a vinyo nthawi zonse amayesa kuyendetsa bwalolo, chifukwa chigawo chapamwamba cha dziko lapansi chimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chilengedwe, chomwe chimakhala mvula, mphepo ndi kusintha kwa kutentha. Komabe, muyenera kudziwa kuti zipangizo zokhazokha, zomwe mulch amapangidwira, zingakhale ndi zotsatira pa dothi lapafupi.
Mwachitsanzo, kugwirana ndi udzu kapena utuchi, zomwe zili ndi chakudya chokwanira, zimapangitsa kuti nayitrojeni ikhale padziko lapansi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, makamaka kuchotsa chikhalidwe. Pachifukwa ichi, nkofunika kuti muwonjezere kuchuluka kwa feteleza a nayitrojeni, kapena kuti musamayambitse udzu kapena udzu pasadakhale.
M'nthaŵi ya chilimwe, mulch imasakanikirana ndi nthaka pamene imamasula mzere wa pafupi-mbiya, ndipo kugwa kumalowa mu nthaka yosanjikiza, yomwe imalimbikitsa madzi ndi zakudya zamtundu wa chikhalidwe. Kuphatikizira ndi koyenera kwa mitundu yonse ya dothi, kupatula kwa madzi oundana kwambiri, chifukwa ubwino umodzi wa phwando laulimili ndizomwe kusungidwa kwa chinyezi pansi.
Kwambiri zabwino kugwiritsa ntchito mulch pa nthaka ya mchenga ndi mchenga, komanso m'malo ouma kwambiri.
Kusamalira mphesa yoyenera
Kukwera munda wamphesa kumafunika nthawi yachisanu. "Isabella" ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chisanu, yomwe siimasowa chitetezo choonjezera, komabe, ndi bwino kutenthetsa mbande zazing'ono kuti zisamawombedwe. Ndiponsotu, palibe amene angatsimikizire kuti chisanu chidzakhala chotani m'nyengo yozizira. Njira zotsekemera zimasiyanasiyana: kukulumikiza mophweka ndi kukulunga kapena nsalu kuti mugwetsere kutalika kwa chitsamba ndi dziko lapansi.
Njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera munda wamphesa ndi kusokoneza singano, kutanthauza nthambi ya spruce - nthambi zapine kapena spruce. Kupyolera mu chitetezo choterechi chimayenda bwino, chifukwa cha njira zowonongeka ndi kukula kwa matenda sizikuwuka. Kuonjezera apo, nthambi zimasungira chipale chofewa, chomwe chimapanga malo abwino kwa nyengo yozizira.
Mafilimu Kusunga mpesa ndi kovuta kwambiri, chifukwa m'nyengo yachisanu, kutentha kumatuluka, pansi pa kutetezedwa kwa chinyezi kumawonjezereka, zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko ndi matenda a fungal kuthengo.
Musachedwe ndi malo ogona munda. Ngati ntchentche yoyamba ikuwoneka mosayembekezereka, pali ngozi yowonongeka ku chitsamba pamene ikugwedeza pansi. Chifukwa makungwa ozizira amakhala ofooka kwambiri.
Mphesa kudulira
Pofuna kudulira mphesa pogwiritsa ntchito mphesa yodula, yomwe imasiya masamba odulidwa. Zonsezi ziyenera kuyamba pamene masamba akukhazikitsidwa ndi shrubbery ndipo amapita kukagona, ngakhale alimi ambiri amayamba kudulira pakati pa September. Mkhalidwe waukulu ndikuti ntchito zonse zidzakwaniritsidwe nthawi yayitali isanayambe chisanu.
Choyamba odwala ndi ophwanyidwa owonongeka amachotsedwa. Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsambachi, sichiyenera kuwononga zowonjezereka, chifukwa mabala a mphesa samachiritsa. Poonjezera kuchuluka kwa masangowa, osapitirira 12 m'mphesa pa 1m2 ya dera lachikulire. Musaiwale kuchoka mphukira zina. Popeza si nthambi zonse zomwe zimatha kulekerera kwambiri frosts ndipo zingafunike kudulira masika.
Kodi feteleza wamphesa ndi chiyani?
Mpesa wamphesa nthawi ya masika imapanga mulching nthaka ndi mzere wothira kapena manyowa mpaka 3 cm wandiweyani. Popeza kawirikawiri mpesa ulibe magnesium, ndibwino kuti utulutse chitsamba ndi njira iyi: Sungunulani 250 g wa magnesium sulphate mu 10 malita a madzi.
Kupopera mbewu uku kubwerezedwa pambuyo pa masiku 14. Pa nyengo yonse yolima, pesa munda wamphesa kamodzi pamlungu ndi madzi amchere feteleza mpaka zipatso zipse.
Ndikondweretsanso kuwerenga za mphesa zabwino: malamulo odzala ndi kuwasamalira.
Kuteteza mphesa kuchokera ku tizirombo zakunja
Chitetezo ku tizirombo ndi matenda a m'munda wamphesa ndizofunikira kwambiri. Njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo yothetsera mpesa ndi kupopera mbewu Soda yamchere yothetsera (kwa 1 chidebe cha madzi - supuni 10 za mchere + supuni 5 za soda).
"Isabella" sagwirizana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda ambiri. Koma, komabe, pochulukitsa tizilombo pa chiwembu, munda wamphesa ukhoza kutenga kachilomboka. Pofuna kupewa, musanayambe kukula, ndizotheka kupopera madzi a Bordeaux kapena njira zowonjezera kapena zamkuwa zamkuwa.
Komanso njira yabwino yothetsera tizirombo ndi nkhungu - mankhwala a masamba ndi mankhwala a hydrated laimu. Pachifukwachi, 1 makilogalamu a laimu watsopano amadzipiritsika mu malita atatu a madzi ndipo, pokhapokha pamene kutsekedwa kwadutsa, mphamvu ya madzi imatha kufika pa malita 10. Dothi loyeretsa, pogwiritsa ntchito burashi kapena nimbus, limaphimba masamba onse.
Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhani yathu yatulutsa mbali zonse za kukula kwa mitundu "Isabella", ndipo mudzatha kudzitamandira chifukwa cha zabwino zanu viticulture.
