Nkhuku zowonjezera cholinga chopeza mazira ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yofala kwambiri ya ntchito mu ulimi. Mazira amapezeka pa chakudya chathu tsiku ndi tsiku monga mazira ophimbidwa, omelets, zakudya zamabotolo, ndi zina. Kwa omwe amabzala nkhuku, nkofunika kudziwa nthawi yomwe mbalame zimayambira, komanso zomwe zimakhudza mazira ndi mazira ndondomeko.
Nkhuku zikayamba kuyenda
Mazira-kuika ndi njira ya thupi yomwe imasonyeza kukula kwa nkhuku. Nkhuku zakutchire zimatha kuchokera ku miyezi 6. Kukula kwa mitundu ya dzira kwachititsa kuti nkhuku ziyambike, zomwe zimayamba kuyenda kuchokera pa miyezi 4-5:
- Zolemba - 4,5;
- Loman Brown - 5.5;
- Kwambiri - 4;
- Tetra - 4;
- Minorca - 5.
Dzidziwitse nokha ndi dzira yabwino ndi mitundu ya nkhuku za nkhuku.
Nyama za mazira zimathamanga kuchokera miyezi 5-6. Mbalamezi sizitengera zolemba za dzira, koma zimakulira chifukwa cha nyama ndi mazira oyenerera.
Chaka chonse, nkhuku ndi nkhuku zimanyamula mazira 170-200. Kuika mitundu ya nyama kumayamba miyezi 7-8, kotero sizingapindule chifukwa cha mazira. Chiwerengero cha mazira a nkhuku zomwe zimakhala ndi nyama sizingaposa 120. Pamene anyamata akukula, scallops zawo ndizochepa, pinki yofiira. Nkhuku ikakonzeka kunyamula mazira, mtundu wa scallop umakhala wofiira ndipo umawonjezeka kukula.
Mukudziwa? Oimira a Minorca akuyamba kusesa poyamba, kuyeretsa mzera. Mbali iyi inkawonekera ndi obereketsa.
Chomwe chimakhudza kupanga mazira
Kumayambiriro kwa kuika mazira kumakhudza makhalidwe a mtunduwu, komanso:
- kuda;
- kukhalapo kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- matenda;
- zakudya
Zonsezi zimatha kuchepetsa kuyambika kwa dzira. Zizindikiro za mbalame zimakhala pafupi ndi nyama yowonongeka, phokoso la phokoso, kozizira yozizira. Mazira akugwiritsira ntchito pafupifupi 40% mphamvu zomwe zasandulika m'thupi kuchokera ku chakudya.
Pezani zomwe mungachite ngati nkhuku zikutha mofulumira.
Pamaso pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda, mphamvu ndi zofunikira za thupi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo zosanjikiza zimasowa mphamvu yokha dzira. 
Nkhuku za mazira ndi zazikulu kuposa nkhuku zazikulu Pakati pa miyezi 4 mpaka 6 mu nkhuku ndi mapangidwe a kubereka. Panthawiyi, amafunikira chakudya chokwanira komanso calcium yokwanira kuti athe kukhazikitsa dzira. Kulephera kwa calcium kumapangitsa thupi kuchepetsa kuyamba kwake pamapeto pake.
Mukudziwa? Mbalame sizifulumira mumdima. Mitundu ina imathamangira kwambiri ozizira microclimate, kotero kuti kachitidwe ka khola amafunikira nkhuni yotentha. Ngakhalenso nkhuku yakhazikika bwino mu oviduct sichidzathyola nkhuku ngati izo zikuwona kuti zinthu sizikuyenera.
Kodi nkhuku zimatha bwanji masiku angapo?
Nkhuku za mitundu ya mazira zimatha kunyamula mazira 300 pa chaka, choncho zimatengedwa pafupifupi tsiku ndi tsiku. Oimira nyama ndi mazira amatha kuthamanga tsiku lonse, ndipo nyama - kamodzi mu masiku 2-3. Ponena za kupanga mafakitale, mazira akukula kwambiri, monga momwe zinthu zomwe zimakhudzira zokolola zimayang'anitsitsa mosamala.
Nkhuku ya mtundu uliwonse imabadwa ndi mazira ambiri, omwe amalola kuti ipitirire mu moyo wake wonse. Dzira la mbalamelo ndiloling'ono, limakhala ndi masiku 1-2 kuti likhale ndi dzira limodzi, malingana ndi mtunduwo. 
Kodi nkhuku ndi zaka zingati?
Pali mazira pafupifupi 4,000 mu thupi, zomwe zidzakhala zokwanira kwa zaka 11. Koma makamaka nkhuku zimakhala zaka 2 mpaka zisanu. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mazira imachepa ndi zaka, ndipo nyama imakhala yolimba. Choncho, alimi akukonzekera kubwezeretsa ziweto zosapitirira zaka 3-4.
Zizindikiro za mtundu uliwonse:
- Dzira lapamwamba lopanga nkhuku za mitundu ya dzira - Legorn, Tetra, Minorca, imagwera chaka choyamba cha moyo. M'chaka chachiwiri, zokolola zimachepetsa ndi 15% ndipo zikupitirirabe m'zaka zotsatira.
- Nkhuku mtundu wa mazira - Oryol, Plymouth, Rhode Island, amakhala opindulitsa kwambiri m'chaka chachiwiri ndikusunga zokolola zomwezo mpaka zaka zitatu kapena zinayi. Pa nthawi yomweyi, akuluakulu amanyamula mathala akuluakulu kuposa achinyamata.
Ndikofunikira! Osachepera 1 nthawi pa sabata, zigawo zimafunikira phala la seramu, chifukwa thupi la mbalame silingathe kupanga amino acid omwe ali m'mazira. Mapuloteni awo a kaphatikizidwe amadza ndi seramu.
Kukuta nkhuku
Nthawi zambiri, kukanidwa ndi vuto poyambitsa alimi a nkhuku popanda chidziwitso. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuyang'ana mbalamezi. Chomera chabwino chikhoza kuoneka mu chisa pafupifupi tsiku ndi tsiku komanso pafupi nthawi yomweyo. Nthaŵi zina, mbalameyi ikufunafuna chakudya mwakhama. Mukhoza kulemba nkhuku zoterezi ndi kuvala paw. Mbalame yothamangira mwamphamvu, chisa ndi catkins ndizowala, zodzaza. Ngati mbalame sizikuthira, nthengayo iyenera kukhala yoyera ndipo nkhuku yokha imakhala yobiriwira, popeza kuti kulemera kwake kumakhala kovuta kunyamula mazira. 
Alimi akukudziŵa bwino nkhuku amasiyanitsa zigawo zotsatirazi za malo abwino:
- mawonekedwe;
- tsitsi.
Kusiyana kulikonse mu maonekedwe a nkhuku ndi chizindikiro cha vuto:
- Nthenga zakuda zingasonyeze matenda.
- Mng'alu wokhotakhota ndi zotheka.
- Kupopera nyengo kumayambiriro kwa autumn. Kutentha nkhuku nthawi zina ndi zizindikiro za avitaminosis, kupezeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kutopa, ndi matenda a m'mimba.
Pamutu pa zabwino bwino ali ndi chisa chowala cha mawonekedwe olondola, kutentha kwa kukhudza. Mimba ya mbalameyo ndi yotanuka, yofewa. Kumbuyo kumakhala kosalala, miyendo molunjika.
Nyenyeziyo isakhale yowopsya kapena yochuluka kwambiri. Mtunda pakati pa mafupa a pubic ukhale wofanana ndi zala 4. Kuyika bwino kumagwira ntchito mwamphamvu.
Ndikofunikira! Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa Smith, Wilson ndi Brown (1954), kutentha kwa mpweya mu nkhuku nkhu ndipamwamba kuposa +26° С kumachepetsa kupanga mazira. Kufikira kupeza madzi kumathandizanso kuchepetsa zokolola pafupifupi 50% (maphunziro a Quisenbury, 1915).
Mmene mungakulitsire kupanga dzira
Pansi pa chilengedwe, nkhuku zimathamanga mu nyengo yofunda, ndi zakudya zambiri komanso zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, zifukwa zingapo zingapangitse dzira kupanga:
- kuwonjezereka kwa masana m'nyengo yozizira mothandizidwa ndi kuunikira kwina kwa nkhuku coop - izi zimakhudza oimira mtundu uliwonse
- Mitundu ikuluikulu imafunika kutentha nkhuku popanda ndodo, ndipo nkhuku yotentha nkhuku imayenera kuyika nkhuku kuchokera ku mayiko ofunda kuti dzira likhale lolimba;
- Kuwonjezera kwa yisiti ku phala m'nyengo yozizira kudzawonjezera mphamvu ya chakudya.
Werengani za momwe mungapangire nkhuku kupanga nkhuku m'nyengo yozizira komanso mavitamini omwe nkhuku zimafunikira kukolola bwino.
Mavitamini, mchere wamchere ndi mavitamini mu zakudya zimakhudza kwambiri mazira. Kuonjezera apo, panthawi ya dzira yowonongeka kwambiri, wosanjikiza amafunikira zakudya zambiri zowonjezera kawiri.
Nkhokwe zabwino ndi zokhazikika ku nkhuku ndi zomwe zimakhudza zinthu zambiri zapakhomo - zakudya, moyo, nkhawa. Kusintha kwao kwabwinoko, mutha kukwaniritsa zokolola zambiri.
Ndemanga
