Monga mtengo uliwonse wamaluwa, plamu ili ndi nthawi yake komanso zofunikira kuti mubzala.
Ndikofunika kuwalingalira, chifukwa kulakwitsa pang'ono kungakulepheretseni mtengo wokha komanso kukolola kwa nthawi yaitali.
M'nkhani ino timafotokoza zochitika zonse ndi ndondomeko za kubzala maula, ndikuuzeni momwe mungasankhire malo abwino ndikusamalira nyengo yonseyi.
Kukonzekera kukwera: zomwe muyenera kuziganizira?
Mitengo yachitsamba imachokera ku njira zobereketsera, chifukwa chodutsa mitundu yosiyana siyana. Pa izi sizidalira kokha kukoma kwa chipatso, komanso malo omwe ali oyenerera mtengo, kukula kwake, kukana chisanu ndi tizirombo zosiyanasiyana.
Choncho, gawo lofunika kwambiri lokonzekera ndilo kuphunzira mitundu yonse ya plums, kusankha komwe munakonda kwambiri ndipo n'koyenera nyengo yanu.
Kusankha malo abwino a plums
Gawo lachiwiri la kukonzekera kubzala maula ndi kusankha malo oyenera kuti akule. Makamaka, ayenera ganizirani kukula kwa kuwalaKaya mitengo kapena nyumba sizingathetse mthunzi.
Ngakhale poika munda, ndikofunika kulingalira mtunda wa pakati pa mitengo ndikudziŵa kukula kwake. Ngati maulawo agwera mumthunzi, zidzakula, masamba ake akhoza kutembenukira chikasu. Komanso, shading kwambiri imatha kuwonongeka kwa kukula kwa mbewu ndi kukula kwa zipatso.
Ndiponso plums samakonda mphepo, chifukwa amatha kuwomba maluwa ndikukuletsani kukolola. Choncho, mpumulo wa malo omwe mukupita kukadula maulawu uyenera kukhala wovuta kwambiri ndipo ukhale wotsetsereka.
Chifukwa cha ichi, mpweya wabwino ukuperekedwa chifukwa cha nkhuni - mpweya wozizira sungakhale woyenera, ndipo sudzakhala m'malo amodzi. Dera limenelo, komwe kuli maenje ambiri ndi yars, sikugwira ntchito.
Timasankha dothi
Nthaka yabwino kwambiri kwa plums loess loam ndi mchenga loam ali. Ndibwino kuti ngati pansi pa nthakayi muli zitsamba zokhala ndi mchenga wambirimbiri.
Mphungu imakhala ndi mizu yayikulu, yomwe siyiyenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi pansi, ngakhale maula ndi mtengo wokonda kwambiri chinyezi.
Choncho, mlingo woyenera wa madzi apansi ndi 1.5 -2 mamita. Ngati ali apamwamba - njira yabwino kwambiri ndi malo osungira omwe amakoka pafupi ndi munda. Adzachotsa madzi onse owonjezera.
Musaganize ngakhale za kubzala nthaka pa dothi, komanso malo omwe mchenga kapena dongo ndi mchenga anagona pamtunda wosachepera mita
N'kofunikanso kudziwa zimenezo mutatha kutsegula mitengo ya maula imayima dikirani zaka 4-5 musanagone malo atsopano pamalo omwewo. Ndipotu mitengo yapitayi yatulutsa kale zinthu zonse zofunika kuchokera m'nthaka, choncho zimakhala zovuta kuti mtengowo uzuke pamalo omwewo.
Malamulo okonzekera nthaka yobzala mbande
Musanabzala munda wamaluwa, nthaka imakumba bwino kuti ikhale ndi mpweya wokwanira.
Tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya feteleza ndi feteleza ku nthaka yochepetsetsa, yomwe idzachulukitsa chonde. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuti kukonzekera kuyenera kukonzedweratu, patatha zaka 2-3 mutayika munda wa zipatso.
Mpaka pano, mitengo ikuluikulu sayenera kukula pamtengowu, pambuyo pake padzakhala zakudya zochepa zomwe zatsala pang'ono kumera.
Kubzala mbande
Mitengo yambiri imakhala mitengo yautali kupita kumtunda. Choncho, talingalirani simukusowa kokha kumene kubzala mtengo, komanso kutali komweko kuchokera ku ziweto zina zam'munda.
Kuyika munda wa plamu
Mtunda wa pakati pa plums uyenera kukhala wotere kuti asawonane wina ndi mzake ndipo mosavuta sungathe kufika ndi nthambi imodzi mtengo wina. Izi sizidzangowalola kuti azitha kuwala kwa dzuwa, koma sizidzasokoneza kayendetsedwe ka m'munda ndi zokolola.
Kotero, ngati plums ndi sredneroslye, ndiye mtunda wa pakati pa mitengo ya mzere umodzi uyenera kukhala mamita awiri. Ngati mitengo ili ndi mphamvu, iyenera kuwonjezeka kufika mamita atatu. Mzere wazitali pakati pa zitsamba zamkati ayenera kukhala osachepera mamita 4, ndipo chifukwa cha mphamvu, mtunda uwu ukuwonjezeka kufika mamita 4.5.
Chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira pamene mukuika munda ndi kuti mitengo yambiri ya m'dera mwanu simungapeze mbewu zambiri, ngakhale mutakhala ndi nthaka nthawi zonse. Ndipotu, mitengo imasowa zakudya zokha komanso kuwala kwa dzuwa, komanso malo omwe ali ndi mizu yawo.
Malemba a plamu kubzala
Nthawi zambiri Mbewu imabzalidwa kasupe. Kumadera ambiri kumpoto, autumn adzachita. Komabe, kugwa kuli ndi chiopsezo chachikulu kuti mtengowo sungakhale ndi nthawi yozoloŵera nthaka yatsopano ndipo pa chifukwachi iwo adzawombera m'nyengo yozizira.
Kudzala msipu kumachitika kale pa tsiku la 5 mutatha nthaka yopula maula kwathunthu thawed kuchokera ku chisanu. Nthawi yomaliza yofika siitali nthawi yayitali, masiku khumi ndi awiri okha.
Ngati mubzala mtengo mtsogolo, zikhoza kuwonjezereka kapena kuwonongeka ndi kutentha ndi kutentha kwa madzi. Ndiponso, ngati sapling ikuikidwa pa tsiku linalake, idzakhala ndi nthawi yofalikira pamalo omwewo akukula ndipo siidzakhala mizu muzochitika zatsopano.
Kukonzekera dzenje lodzala
Dzenje amakumba posakhalitsa 2-3 masabata asanafike. Izi zimachitika kuti asanatengeke chisakanizo cha feteleza ndi feteleza pansi pake ndikuchilola kuti chikhazikitse chisanafike nthawi yobzala mbewu.
Pa chifukwa chomwecho, dzenje liyenera kukhala lozama, pafupifupi masentimita 60. Zake zake zikhale chimodzimodzi.
Mukakumba dzenje, ndibwino kuti mwamsanga muzikumba mtengo, womwe mudzamangirirepo mmera. Ziyenera kukumbukira kuti mtunda pakati pa mtengo ndi mtengo uyenera kukhala osachepera 15 cm. Chiwerengerocho chiyenera kukhala kumpoto kwa mmera.
Zofunikira zoyenera kukwera molunjika
Poyamba kubzala nyemba, ndi bwino kuganizira zofunika izi:
- Msosi wa mtengowo uyenera kukhala pamwamba pa nthaka pamwamba pa masentimita 2-5. Pambuyo pake, pamene nthaka ikuchepa, idzawongolera pang'ono pokha. Komabe, sikofunikira kuti tipeze maluwa pamwamba pa nthaka, chifukwa pali pangozi ya leaching ndi kuyanika kwa mizu.
- Ikani nyemba pokhapokha ndi nthaka, popanda kusakaniza kwa feteleza zosiyanasiyana. Pambuyo pozaza nyembazo, nkofunika kuyika pansi mozungulira bwino kwambiri kuti pasakhale mpweya pafupi ndi mizu (ikhoza kuyambitsa kuyanika kwa kavalo).
- Kuchokera m'nthaka, yomwe idakumbidwa kuchokera pansi pa dzenje, kamtengo kakang'ono kamapangidwa kuzungulira mtengowo, chomwe chidzathandiza kuti madzi asamamwe bwino.
Kutuluka mutatha
Kotero mwamsanga mutangobzala kupiritsaake ndikofunikira kuthirira. Komabe, ngakhale dothi litanyowa chipale chofewa chikasungunuka, kuthirira kumayenera kukhala kovomerezeka, kokha kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osachepera ndi kotheka.
Mtengo wokwanira wa madzi pamtengo uyenera kukhala ndi ndowa zitatu. Popeza maula amakonda chinyezi, pakatha masabata awiri kuthirira kungabwerezedwe. Komanso, nthaka yozungulira thunthu iyenera kukhala ndi mulat peat kapena humus, yomwe imathandiza kuti pakhale chinyezi chotalikira.
Zimakhalanso zosangalatsa kuwerengera za chisamaliro ndi kubzala kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya plums.
Malamulo aakulu a chisamaliro cha maula
Mtengo wamaluwa ndi munda wonse sizingakhale zofunikira kwambiri ndi kusamalidwa poyerekeza ndi mitengo ina ya zipatso. Komabe, kuti tipeze mbewu zowonjezereka ndi zowonjezera, ndizofunikira osati kungomeretsa mtengo wokha, komanso kukhazikitsa ndondomeko yoyenera yotetezera mtengo ku tizirombo zosiyanasiyana.
Kodi mungapewe bwanji kugonjetsedwa kwa matenda a maula ndi tizirombo nthawi?
Choyamba, muyenera kudziwa kuti matenda osiyanasiyana omwe munabzala pa chiwembu ndi otani ndipo ndi tizirombo ziti zomwe zingativulaze. Pochita mame a mtengo wa mame kuyendera kafukufuku wamaluwa nthawi zonse, kulingalira bwinobwino zomwe tizilombo timayang'ana pamitengo yanu.
Yophweka kwambiri njira zodalirika zothetsa nkhondo ndi tizirombo ndi matenda a fungal akudulira ndi kuwotcha nthambi zakuwonongeka. Kutentha kumafunikanso kugwa kwa masamba onse ndi zipatso zoonongeka. M'chaka, asanayambe kutentha kwambiri (mpaka madigiri 10 Celsius), tizilombo timene timayesa kukhazikika pamatope tiyenera kumangogwedezeka ndikuwonongedwa.
Inde, njira yothandiza kwambiri popewera matenda osiyanasiyana ndi kuwonongeka kwa mtengo ndi tizirombo ndi mankhwala ndi thandizo la mankhwala.
Ngati mtengo wanu unagwidwa ndi scythe kapena wonyenga, musanayambe kuphuka mtengowo usanafike mpaka 5 ° C, mtengowo uyenera kuchitidwa ndi nitrophene, ndi 3%. Choncho, mungathe kupha nkhupakupa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, zomwe zikadali nyengo yozizira.
M'chakapamene maula akudzaza, ake Njira Bordeaux acid 1% ndondomeko. Mankhwala a Bordeaux akhoza kuthandizidwa ndi 4% ya polycarbocin. Pankhaniyi, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuyenera kubwerezedwa ngakhale pambuyo pa maula.
Pofuna kulimbana ndi mbozi zomwe zimapatsira masamba a maula, pambuyo pa maluwa, mtengowo umakhala ndi mankhwala monga dendrobatsilin, entobakterin (1% ndende). Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ntchito ya plums ndi zokonzekerazi iyenera kuchitika pa kutentha kosachepera 15ºС.
Kuphika nsabwe za m'masamba akulimbana ndi mankhwala monga karbofos. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera zisakhale zoposa 0,2%.
Kulimbana ndi maula Choyamba, muyenera kupachika msampha wa pheromone pamtengo. Mukawona kuti agulugufegufe a njenjete agwera mmenemo, ndiye kuti muyenera kupachika mphete za pheromone pamtengo wonsewo. Ndiponso maula amachiritsidwa ndi 0,2% karbofos.
Kupanga korona ndi korona
Mukamagula nyemba, mphukira zake zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi zina: zina zimatha kupangidwa komanso zimachotsa mtsogoleri wamkulu pakukula, ena, mmalo mwake, ndi masentimita 10 okha kutali ndi thunthu.
Komanso, nthambi zambiri zosafunikira zimatha kukula pa mtengo wachitsulo, zomwe zimalepheretsa wina ndi mzake kukhala ndi mthunzi wawo. Kuti maula akhale okongola, chipatso chabwino chimabala ndipo osalenga mavuto pokolola chipatso, ndikofunikira mawonekedwe nthawi zonse iye korona.
Choyamba kudulira kudulira kumachitika mwachindunji mutabzala mmera pa malo osatha a kukula. Pachifukwa ichi, nthambi sizing'onozing'ono, ndizofunikira kusankha kwambiri komanso zowonjezereka, ndikupanga nthambi zingapo, nthambi 4-6
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, m'pofunika kusankha wotsogolera wamkulu ndikudulira kuti likhale lalitali kuposa nthambi zina zonse. Chigawo chilichonse chomwe chimapita pansi pa otsogolera chiyenera kukhala chachifupi kuposa chomwe chimapita pansipa. Ndiko kuti, Nthambi zoyitali kwambiri ziyenera kukhala pazitali kwambiri.
Posankha nthambi zomwe mukufuna kupita, chonde dziwani kuti ayenera kuchoka ku thunthu lalikulu pamakona osachepera madigiri 40, mwinamwake iwo adzachoka ku mbewu.
Mtunda wa pakati pa tiers uyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 40-60., malinga ndi kutalika kwa mtengo wokha. Komanso, chiwerengero cha nthambi ndi gawo lililonse, kuyambira pansi, chiyenera kuchepa.
Kudulira kotereku kudzapangidwira kukhalabe korona ndi kuchotsa mpikisano kuchokera ku oyendetsa wamkulu ndi nthambi zazikulu.
Komanso, nkofunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosiyana ya mtengo wa plamu, kudula nthambi za mtengo ndi mphukira zamphamvu ndi mphindi imodzi yokha, ngati ndiyomwe - nthambi za pachaka zimadulidwa ku gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwake, ndipo nthambi zomwe ziri ndi mphamvu zochepa timadula nthambi mu theka.
Izi zidzalola kuti ndikulimbikitseni ngakhale chiwerengero chazing'ono za impso.
Kudulira mitengo yambiri ya zipatso anatumizidwa kuchotsa nthambi zakuwonongeka ndi zowonongeka ndi nthambi ndi kupukuta korona (ngati kuli kofunikira). Pambuyo kudulira nthambizo zimatenthedwa.
Mitengo ya feteleza ya mtengo
Plum sakonda nthawi zambiri komanso zochuluka feteleza. Kuwonjezera apo poti mutabzala dothi liri losakaniza ndi feteleza organic, m'zaka zoyamba za kukula mtengo susowa kuchiritsidwa.
Kenako, ndifupipafupi zaka 2-3 kumapeto Nthaka kuzungulira mtengoyo imamera ndi humuskuphatikiza ndi superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulphate. Pa 1 m2 m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito hafu ya chidebe cha kompositi, 50 magalamu a superphosphate ndi magalamu 20 okha a sulphate ya potaziyamu.
Kumapeto kwa nyengo, mtengo umakhala wabwino ndi ammonium nitrate, zomwe zili zofunika pa 1m2 ndi 20 gm (ndizobwino kuti muzimwa madzi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka ngati madzi).
Musaiwale za kuthirira
Kusamba madzi kumakhala koyeneraPopeza madzi samangokhalira kudyetsa mtengo, amakhudzanso khalidwe la zipatso. Madzi oyamba ayenera kukhala 1.5-2 milungu isanayambe maluwa asanatuluke, ndipo adzabwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza nthawi itatha.
Nthawi youma chilimwe, kuthirira mtengo kumapeto kwa mwezi uliwonse wa chilimwe. Mu August ndi September, mtengo umafunikanso madzi okwanira, chifukwa chomwe chipatso cha mtengo chimasintha.
Ndikofunika kuganizira kuti kuthira madzi akuyenera nthawi zonse ndikugwirizana ndi nyengo ndi chinyezi. Popanda kutero, ukhoza kuyambitsa chipatso, kapena kuti chikasu cha masamba a mtengo wa plamu.
Kuphika maula m'nyengo yozizira
Koposa zonse, zopangira achinyamata ndi chaka chimodzi chakale mitengo ya plamu amaopa nyengo yozizira ndi chisanu. Choncho, ayenera kukhala okonzeka kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira.
Choyamba ofunika chabwino Dulani nthaka kuzungulira mtengokotero kuti ili ndi oxygen yokwanira kukhetsa.
Chachiwiri, korona ya mitengo yaying'ono, kuphatikizapo kuti amangidwa pamtengo wolimba, ayenera kumangirizidwa mu tsache limodzi - zidzakhala zosavuta kuti athe kulimbana ndi mphepo.
Ngati mwangobzala kumene mtengo kapena imakula pa iwe kuyambira pachiyambi cha masika, ndiye kuti kawirikawiri Analimbikitsa prikopat m'nyengo yozizira.
Thunthu la mtengo wokhwima kwambiri ndikulinso ndi chipale chofewa chophimbidwa ndi udzu. Ngati mtengo uli waukulu ndipo uli ndi nthambi zambiri zomwe zikuchoka kutali ndi thunthu pang'onopang'ono, ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi mitengo kuti zisagwe pansi pa chipale chofewa.
