Peyala - kwambiri chokoma ndi yowutsa mudyo zipatso, zomwe zikuyamba kubwera kumalo athu.
Chomerachi chimakhala chosangalatsa kwambiri chifukwa cha nyengo ndi nyengo, kotero mitundu yotchuka kwambiri imakula ku Caucasus ndi Central Asia.
Tidziwa mapeyala omwe kamodzi adakula m'minda ya agogo athu.
Kukoma kwa mapeyala amenewa ndi tart ndi tart.
Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwapa, obereketsa akwanitsa kupanga mitundu yambiri yamitundu ya mapeyala, yomwe imatha kukula ndi kubereka zipatso pakati pa lamba wa pakati.
Kodi ubwino ndi zovuta za mitundu ya gulu la pakati ndi chiyani?
Mitundu yopangidwa mwadongosolo imasiyanasiyana mu kukula kwakukulu komanso kukoma kwake. Komabe, pakati pa mitundu yambiri ya mitundu ayenera kumvetsera nthawi yopatsa zipatso.
Mitundu ya mapeyala oyambilira
Zipatso za mitundu iyi zimapulumuka kokha pakati pa theka lachiwiri la September. Komabe, ubwino wawo ndi wakuti awo Zipatso zingasungidwe kwa nthawi yaitali kwambiri. Makamaka, ngati muyika mapeyala mu malo amdima komanso okwera mpweya wabwino, m'malo mwawo ndi pepala kapena udzu, mudzatha kudya zipatso zatsopano kuposa mwezi umodzi.
Zina mwa mitundu iyi ndi izi:
Peyala "Marble": mafotokozedwe osiyanasiyana
Mitunduyi imakhala yoyambirira yophukira, yomwe imapezeka poyendayenda M'nyengo yozizira Michurin ndi Forest Beauty.
Mtengo uli ndi mphamvu ya thunthu kukula. Crohn-crown crown, ali ndi mphukira zochepa koma amadziwika ndi nthambi zowonongeka ndi zakuda. Peyala "Marble" ndi yochuluka kwambiri, kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 160-170 g.
Komanso, chipatsocho chili ndi malo ophwanyika komanso mawonekedwe a nthawi zonse. Zimasiyanitsa khungu lakuda. Mtundu waukulu wa zipatso zakupsa uli wobiriwira-wachikasu ndi marble "wofiira" (kuchokera pati ndi dzina la zosiyanasiyana). Kukoma kwa chipatsocho ndi chosakhwima ndi chokoma, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ili ndi fungo lamtengo wapatali ndi lowala.
Kuti zoyenera Izi zosiyanasiyana zikuphatikizapo:
- chisanu hardiness;
- chokolola chachikulu;
- khalidwe la zipatso;
- kukana nkhanambo.
Kuipa Mapeyala "Marble" ndi awa:
- kuchepa kwa chilala, pambuyo pake zokolola zikhoza kuchepa, zipatso zimagwa zosapsa.
Kufotokozera peyala "Elegant Efimova"
Zimagwiritsanso ntchito mitundu yoyambirira yophukira. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana inapezeka chifukwa cha kudutsa kwa Petra Tonkaetka ndi Pet Klapp.
Mtengo umakula kwambiri, ndi kukula mofulumira kwambiri. Crohn - pyramidal, ili ndi kuchulukitsitsa.
Zipatso zili ndi mawonekedwe oyenera a peyala omwe amawoneka bwino. ndi yosalala pamwamba. Polemera kufika 90-120 g, ndiko kuti, ali ndi kukula kwake.
Zophika zikatha, mapeyala amenewa ali ndi chikasu chobiriwira komanso chofiira pafupifupi pafupifupi nkhope yonse ya chipatso.
Chomera cha peyala choyera, chimakhala cholimba kwambiri, koma pa nthawi yomweyi ndi kukoma mtima kokoma kwambiri. Kusiyana ndi juiciness ndi semi-mafuta..
Zofunikira za zosiyanasiyana:
- chisanu hardiness;
- zokolola (mpaka 30t / ha);
- khalidwe lapamwamba la malonda la chipatso;
- moyo wa alumali - mpaka masabata 2-3.
Zowopsya za zosiyanasiyana ndikuti chipatso chiyenera kuchotsedwa pamtengo popanda kuyembekezera kukomoka kwawo, kwinakwake kumayambiriro kwa September. Kudya mapeyala kungakhale koyenera kupitirira sabata kamodzi, ndikuyimira pulogalamu yosungira kukoma kwawo.
Zosiyanasiyana Zamitundu Yambiri "Wokondedwa Yakovlev"
Mitundu yambiri ya mapepala a autumn inapezeka podutsa peyala Mwana wamkazi wa Blancow ndi Bergamot Esperana (Belgium). Mtengowu uli ndi thumba lamphamvu komanso lofulumira mofulumira komanso korona, lomwe lili ndi masamba ambiri.
"Favorite Yakovlev" amadziwika ndi mochedwa maluwa, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuthekera kuwonongeka kwa chisanu. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zipatso zazikulu zofiirazofanana ndi gawo lalikulu.
Zipatso zolemera ndi pafupifupi 100 g. Mtundu umakhala wobiriwira-chikasu ndi "tani" pang'ono. Kukoma kwa peyala ndi kokoma, popanda khalidwe astringency, ali ofanana ndi quince (makamaka, ali ndi quince kukoma). Mnofu uli wandiweyani komanso wambiri wambiri, uli ndi mthunzi wamthunzi. Mafuta kumayambiriro kwa September, kusungidwa mpaka November.
Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana "Pet Yakovlev":
- chisanu hardiness;
- zokolola (mtengo wa zaka 7 ukhoza kubzala mbewu ya makilogalamu 20, chiwerengero chapamwamba ndi pafupifupi 200 c / ha).
Zovuta za M'kalasi:
- kukula kwakukulu kwa mitengo, zomwe zimafuna malo akulu kubzala mbande;
- zowawa zamkati ndi maselo a miyala;
- kuthekera kwa kugonjetsa nkhanambo.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenganso za mapeto a mapeyala.
Peyala "Bere Moskovskaya"
Mitundu ina ya mapeyala inagwa chifukwa cha kusankha mapeyala "Olga" ndi mungu wa mitundu itatu: "Forest Beauty", "Favorite Klapp" ndi "Kashkarnok".
Kusiyana korona, yomwe ili ndi digiri ya masamba okongola. Mphamvu ya kukula kwa mtengo wa Bere Moskovskaya ndiyomweyi. Kuchuluka kwa kulemera chipatso chiri pafupifupi 110 g.
Maonekedwe a chipatso ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mapeyala, ali ndi ma tubercles. Kusiyana khungu lochepa. Kujambula chikasu ndi chivundikiro chofiira ngati "blush".
Zipatso zodyedwa kale zili kumayambiriro kwa September, zikhoza kusungidwa m'firiji kwa mwezi wonse. Mosamala kwambiri muyenera kutanthauza kusonkhanitsa zipatso, chifukwa pa mtengo iwo ali mofulumira kwambiri akhoza kukhala limodzi.
Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana ndi izi:
- chopereka;
- zosiyana nyengo yozizira hardiness;
- chipatso kukana nkhanambo ndi kuvunda;
- kukana bulauni malo;
- khalidwe lazinthu.
Kuipa kwa mapeyala "Bere Moskovskaya":
- Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito - mwezi umodzi wokha;
- Zokoma za zipatso zingakhudzidwe ndi nyengo youma ndi yotentha.
Peyala "Otradnenskaya"
Mitundu yambiri yamtengo wapatali inapezeka chifukwa cha mapangidwe opangira "Theme" ndi "Forest Beauty". Mtengo suli wamtali - pansi payeso. Korona amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi masamba wandiweyani.
Zipatso Izi zosiyanasiyana ndi zazikulu, kufika kulemera kwa 130 g. Mu mawonekedwe, iwo amawombera kumbali zonse, akung'amba pang'ono. Khungu lawo ndi losalala ndipo silikuda kwambiri. Kujambulajambula kumakhala kofiira kwambiri, kofiira ndi kofiira.
The zamkati mu chipatso cha peyala Orodnenskaya chikasu-woyera mtundu, palibe wosiyana juiciness, kuchulukitsa ndi ambiri. Kulawa mapeyala ndi okoma ndi owawasa. Kusiyanitsa pakululu wautali moyo - mpaka miyezi itatu, malinga ndi zoyendetsa. Yokolola chiwerengero ndi pafupifupi makilogalamu 30-40 kuchokera pamtengo umodzi.
Zina mwa ubwino wa zosiyanasiyanazi ziyenera kudziwika monga:
- chisanu hardiness;
- nthawi zonse fruiting;
- kudzikuza;
- kukana matenda osiyanasiyana;
- kukana nyengo zovuta;
- kukhetsa kofooka.
Poganizira zofunikira za zosiyanasiyana, ndizosatheka kutchula zolephera
Mitundu ya chilimwe: kufotokoza
Choyimira cha mitundu iyi ndi chakuti amafulumira mofulumira (kumapeto kwa chilimwe), koma zipatso sizimasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali (pafupi theka limodzi ndi theka / masabata awiri). Mitundu yotchuka yotchedwa chilimwe yobzala pakatikati:
Peyala "Bessemyanka"
Mitengo yamitundu yambiri yokolola m'nyengo yam'chilimwe, yomwe imadziwikiratu pakatikati. Mitengo ndi yautali, korona - lonse-pyramidal ndi masamba ochepa. Zipatso chiwerengero chopanda madzi Ndimalemera 70-80 g.
Zipatso zojambula - mapeyala ofanana ndi ma tubercles. Khungu ndi lovuta. Zipatso zili ndi mtundu wachikasu wobiriwira popanda chivundikiro choonekera. Zipatso za zipatso za mtundu wachikasu. Kulawa - zokoma ndi zokoma.
Kusiyanitsa kulemera, kapangidwe kameneka kawirikawiri ndi granular. Mukhoza kutenga zipatso zokoma za mtengo kumapeto kwa mwezi wa August, koma kuthekera kuwapulumutsa mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa September ndizochepa, chifukwa masiku ano sali ndi masiku khumi okha. Zipatso zouka zingathe kugwa paokha.
Zina mwa ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana muyenera kumvetsera:
- zokolola zapamwamba (chiwerengero chapamwamba chofanana ndi 270 makilogalamu pamtengo);
- kukoma kwa zipatso;
- yovuta hardiness
Komabe, "Bessemyanka" ili ndi zovuta zina:
- kuthekera kwa kugunda nkhanambo;
- liwiro la zipatso kucha ndi moyo wamfupi wazitali;
- kukula kwa chipatso.
Peyala "Lada"
Zoterezi zimatha kutchedwa oyambirira chilimwe. Iye ndi zotsatira za kudutsa mitundu "Olga" ndi "Forest Beauty". Mtengo uli ndi usinkhu wautali, korona wa sing'anga wambiri ndi pyramidal kapena mapangidwe a mapiri ndi medium hardiness.
Zipatso lalikulu kwambiri -100-110 g mulemera. Pangani khungu pang'ono ndi khungu lofewa komanso lofewa. Mtundu waukulu wa peyala ndi wachikasu, ndi wofiira "wofiira" wofiira. Mtundu wa zamkati ndi woyera-wachikasu, wokhala ndi maonekedwe abwino.
Chipatsocho ndi chokoma kulawa, popanda juiciness. Mukhale ndi fungo lokhazika mtima pansi. Ngakhale kuperekedwa kwa mapeyala komanso kutha kusunga miyezi iwiri, ali ndi mphamvu zochepa zonyamulira.
Ubwino wa mitundu monga:
- chonchi;
- chisanu hardiness;
- zokolola (50 kg ku mtengo umodzi);
- nthawi zonse fruiting;
- Kulimbana ndi matenda ndi nyengo zovuta.
Zowonongeka zikuphatikizapo ubwino woyendetsa bwino zipatso.
Peyala "Duchess": kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana
Dessert mapeyala otchuka kwambiri, omwe amadziwika kuti "Williams". Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani komanso m'minda yamaluwa. Mtengo wa zosiyanasiyanazi ndi wa sing'anga-kakulidwe, uli ndi thupi lokhazikika kwambiri piramidi ya korona ndi masamba wandiweyani.
Zimasiyana mochedwa maluwa komanso kuchepa kwa nyengo. Kuchuluka kwa kulemera chipatso cha izi zosiyanasiyana ndi pafupifupi 170 g. Fomu - yoboola mapeyala, oblong ndi ma tubercles. Tsabola ndi zonunkhira ndi zofiira, zoonda.
Mtunduwo ndi wobiriwira, zipatso zakupsa zimakhala zonyezimira. Mtundu wa zamkati ndi woyera-woyera. Kukoma kwa chipatso ndi chosangalatsa kwambiri, chokoma ndi chokoma ndi fungo labwino la nutmeg.
Kuti zoyenera Mitunduyi ikuphatikizapo zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- zochepa zofunika pa nthaka;
- chopereka;
- chonchi;
- khalidwe la zipatso.
Kuti chiwonongeko mitundu ikuphatikizapo:
- otsika yozizira hardiness;
- kulekerera kwa chilala;
- chizoloŵezi chogonjetsa nsabwe za m'masamba ndi kuyamwa.
Peyala "Wokondedwa Clapp"
Chilimwe peyala zosiyanasiyana, zopezeka poswana "Forest Beauty". Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafamu akuluakulu ogulitsa mafakitale, komanso pazinthu zaumwini. Imakhala ndi korona wambiri komanso thunthu lokula mofulumira.
Zipatso pa mitengo yaying'ono ya izi zosiyanasiyana zimasiyana mu kukula kwakukulu, ndi msinkhu wa mtengo, amakhala ochepa (pafupifupi 100-120 g). Mu mawonekedwe - ovoid ovoid. Mtundu wa khungu losalala ndi losalala la chipatso chokoma ndi la chikasu, ndi carmine "yofiira". Mtundu wa zamkati ndi woyera.
Chipatsocho ndi chokoma ndi chowawa kulawa, chodziwika ndi juiciness ndi kukoma mtima. Zipatso zikamera m'nyengo ya kumapeto kwa July mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa August, zimafuna chidwi kwambiri, chifukwa zimatha kutaya kukoma kwawo chifukwa cha msanga kwambiri kapena kuchepetsa nthawi.
Ubwino Zosiyanazi ndizoti:
- zabwino yozizira hardiness;
- pafupifupi mtundu uliwonse wa nthaka ndi woyenera kwa iwo;
- zabwino fruiting
Zoipa ndi izi:
- Zipatso zimatha posachedwa;
- maulendo ang'onoang'ono moyo wa zipatso zabwino;
- chizoloŵezi chogonjetsa nkhanambo.
Zima za mitundu yozizira
Mitundu yotereyo imapsa kumapeto kwa mwezi wa Oktoba ndipo imasiyana nthawi yaitali yosungirako - miyezi itatu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mitundu yozizira imasiyana ndi juiciness ndi astringency ya kukoma.
Peyala "May Tsiku"
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi chifukwa chodula peyala "Mwana wa Dawn" ndi "MOSVIR Yotsiriza". Peyala yozizira imeneyi ili ndi thunthu lakumwamba kwake ndi korona wong'onong'ono, yomwe ili ndi mtundu wopapatiza wa pyramidal.
Zipatso mtengo wotero kufika pamtunda wa 140-220 g.
Fomu - yoyenera peyala. Khungu ndi losalala, limakhala lopaka, likuda. Kutaya chipatso ndi pamene mtundu wawo umasanduka wobiriwira ndi pang'ono. Pambuyo pake, iwo adzakhala achikasu kwambiri ndipo chivundikiro chofiira chidzawonekera. Thupi la chipatso ndi zonona.
Kapangidwe kawo ndi kowopsya, pang'ono granulated. Amasiyana ndi juiciness ndi kukoma-wowawasa kukoma.
Maluso Mitunduyi ndi iyi:
- nthawi yosungiramo zipatso zabwino zimatha masiku 220-250;
- matenda;
- chokolola chachikulu;
- kukana mtengo kwa chisanu.
Mitengo ya peyala "May Day":
- kulawa - astringency.
Kodi ndi chiyani makamaka chodzala mapeyala kwa gulu lapakati?
Mitengo ya mapeyala amenewa yabzalidwa m'chaka. Chifukwa cha nthambi yofooka ya rhizome, sapling imafuna chisamaliro chapadera ndi cha nthawi yaitali.
M'nyengo yozizira, m'pofunika kuyendetsa mtengo wawung'ono mwa mawonekedwe pang'ono kuti athe kusuntha nyengo yachisanu pansi pa chisanu.
Nkofunika kuti musatsike pansi komanso kuti musayambe kupotoza khosi la mbeu, chifukwa izi zingachititse kuti makungwawo avunda.
Kodi kusamalira peyala mbande?
Kuthirira mbande
Kuthirira mbewu ndi zambiri, pafupifupi ndowa 2-3 za mmera umodzi. Madzi ambiri sangathe kudyetsa kokha, komanso kuthandizira kuthetsa mpweya umene umapangidwa panthawi yobzala. Kusunga chinyezi kwautali, mutatha kuthirira nthaka nthawi zambiri imakhala ikugwedezeka utuchi kapena humus.
Peyala mtengo kudulira
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka, chomeracho sichifuna chisamaliro chapadera mwa kudulira, koma pambuyo pake chiyenera kusamala mwakuya phindu la pachaka, chifukwa zingayambitse korona wosavuta.
Ngati atadulidwa nthawi, nthambi zimayang'ana, zomwe zidzakhudza kwambiri kapangidwe kake ka mtengo. Kamodzi kwa zaka ziwiri ndi ziwiri ziyenera kudula kukonzanso kuwalakotero zimakhala zolimbikitsa kukula kwa zomera.
Kodi manyowa a peyala?
Ambiri zofunikira kwa mapeyala feteleza ndi potaziyamu, organic ndi phosphorous. Manyowa ayenera kukhala zaka 4 zilizonse, kutsanulira njira yowonongeka mu dzenje lapadera lomwe linakumba ponseponse pa mizu ya mtengo.
Njira yothirira feteleza iyenera kukhala ndi makilogalamu 20 a humus (ingasinthidwe ndi peat osakaniza), yomwe muyenera kuwonjezera pa mapaundi a superphosphate, kashidi pang'ono ya kloride ndi pafupifupi kilogalamu ya laimu. Asanayambe maluwa, njira yothetsera nayitrogeni imalowa m'nthaka.
Kodi mungateteze bwanji mitengo ku tizirombo?
Kulima ndi kusamalira mapeyala nthawi zambiri amayenera kukwera ndi nkhanambo. Ndikofunika kumenyana nawo pamagulu angapo.
Choyamba, masamba akugwa pamtengo ayenera kuwotchedwa. Kaŵirikaŵiri amayamba mankhwala awo mankhwala ndi yankho la urea kapena ammonium nitrate.
Wodzikonda nkhuni ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi yankho la urea la 5% mwamsanga pambuyo pa chikasu cha masamba. Kuchiza mtengo kumaphatikizapo kupopera mbewu ndi Bordeaux kusakaniza (musanayambe kufotokozera masambawo pamtengo, mutengapo mtengo ndi 2 nthawi zambiri pambuyo pake ndi milungu iwiri).
