Kukula mphesa yabwino mwachilungamo molimba mtima nyengo ya Ulaya, simukusowa kukhala wamkulu mu viticulture.
Ntchitoyi si yovuta monga ikuwonekera.
Ndicho chifukwa chake sivuta kukula zosiyana monga "Zabava".
Ngati mwasankha kubzala mphesayi, tsatirani ndondomeko zotsatirazi.
Kufotokozera za mphesa "Zabava"
Zosiyanasiyana "Zabava" - mphesa yamphesa, yomwe inalembedwa ndi V.V. Zagorulko pamene akudutsa mitundu "Laura" ndi "Kodryanka". Dzina lachiwiri la izi ndi "Laura Black".
Tulutsa mwamsangakwa masiku 100 - 110. Maluwa amakula bwino, amawombera bwino. Mapangidwe a tsamba zosiyanasiyana "Kusangalatsa" adatengedwa kuchokera kumalo okonzedweratu osiyanasiyana "Laura". Masangowa ndi akuluakulu, osakanikirana, masentimita 700 - 800 g, mawonekedwe a cyilindric conical.
Zipatsozo zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri, zolemera kufika 10 g, mawonekedwewo ndi elliptical, oblong. Tsamba la mtundu wa buluu wakuda, ndi phula, sizimamveka pamwayi. Nyama ndi yowutsa mudyo, yamadzimadzi, okoma kwa kukoma.
Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga, Zabava amatsuka kutentha mpaka -23 ° C. Zosiyana sizimakhudzidwa ndi imvi yovunda ndi oidium, koma imakhudzidwa ndi mildew. Ali ndi zovala zabwino kwambiri za malonda ndipo amasunga mwangwiro kayendedwe.
Maluso:
- kukoma kokoma
- zokolola zazikulu
- zabwino chisanu kukana
- osati kuonongeka ndi nkhungu zakuda ndi oidium
- mawonedwe okongola
- imalola kulephera
Kuipa:
- kuwonongeka ndi mildew
Pazochitika za kubzala mitundu
Zitsamba zosiyanasiyana "Zabava" zimakhazikika mu nthaka iliyonse, mosasamala za momwe zimakhalira komanso digiri ya kubereka, koma ndibwino kuti, kukula mu nthaka yakuda. Chifukwa cha kukana chisanu zophuka okonzeka kukafika kumapeto ndi m'dzinja.
Mukamabzala, nkofunika kuwerengera mtunda wa pakati pa tchire mtsogolo kuti sichichepera 2.5 mamita, ngati chitsamba cholimba sichilola kuti zofooka zisinthe.
Pamene kugula mphesa mbande ayenera kusamala kwambiri mizu. Ayenera kukhala otupa, otanuka, ndi ofunika kwambiri, osadetsedwa. Ngati mizu ya mmerayo ikukhazikika, palibe chomwe chidzapulumutse.
Mphukira zobiriwira ziyenera kukhazikika, popanda kuwonongeka chifukwa cha matenda kapena munthu. Kutalika kwa chaka chimodzi chokha sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa masentimita 15.
Musanadzalemo, mizu imafunika kudula pang'ono mpaka masentimita 10 mpaka 15, komanso kuchepetsako mphukira, ndikusiya 4 pang'onopang'ono. Zoonadi kutero onani mtundu wa mizu padulidwa. Ngati ziri zoyera, zonse ziri bwino, ndipo ngati ziri zofiirira, ndiye mmera ukhoza kutayidwa.
Zowonjezera kukula monga Heteroauxin, Appin, Cornevin sizidzasokoneza mizu. Pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse muyenera kukumba dzenje 0.8x0.8x0.8 m. Mbali ya pamwamba ya nthaka kuchokera ku dzenje iyenera kugawidwa pansi ndi kusakanikirana ndi humus.
Kenaka, kusakaniza kumeneku kumatsanuliridwa mu dzenje, mpweya wa masentimita 40 uyenera kupangidwira. Sapling iyenera kuikidwa pamtunda uwu ndikutsekedwa ndi nthaka, yomwe ili pansi. Ndikofunika kudzaza sapling kuti masentimita 10 a dzenje akhalebe. Mutabzala kale, mmerawo umayenera kuthiriridwa ndi ndowa ziwiri kapena zitatu za madzi. Pambuyo pa chinyezi chonse, dothi liyenera kumasulidwa kuti lipite bwino kwa oxygen ku mizu.
Pamapeto pake Nthaka imayendetsedwa.
Zimakhalanso zosangalatsa kuwerenga malamulo a chisamaliro cha autumnal mphesa.
Malangizo pa kusamalira zosiyanasiyana "Zabava"
- Kuthirira
Mphesa zosiyanasiyana "Zabava", monga chomera champhamvu, amafunikira madzi ambiri kwa chitukuko choyenera ndi fruiting. Choncho, kwa nyengo yonse yokula, tchire akulu amafunika kuthiriridwa 4-5 nthawi ndi masabata awiri ndi kuwerengera kwa 3-4 ndowa za madzi pa 1 sq.m.
Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, pamene subzero kutentha sichiwonedwanso, kuthirira mphesa kwa nthawi yoyamba. Kenaka, maluwa asanakhale maluwa 2 kuthirira kwina kumachitidwa.
Masangowa atakhazikitsidwa kale, ndipo zipatso zake zimakhala zofiira 5-6 mm, nthawi yothirira madzi inadza.
Musanayambe kuphimba tchire m'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kuchita madzi otsitsimula ulimi wothirirazomwe zimapereka mizu ndi madzi m'nyengo yonse yozizira. Mtengo wa madzi otsiriza umayenera kuwonjezeka mpaka 6 ndowa za madzi pa 1 sq.m.
- Mulching
Kuti madzu owuma a mphesa asamavutike chifukwa cha kusowa kwa madzi, nthaka yozungulira nyemba iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi mulch. Komanso mulching ndi yofunikira kuteteza kutentha m'nthakakomanso amalepheretsa kukula kwa namsongole.
Monga mfundo zofunika mungagwiritse ntchito udzu, utuchi, udzu, komanso zipangizo zopangira - pepala, makatoni. Kutalika kwake kwa mulch kuyenera kufikira masentimita asanu, kotero kuti ndondomekoyi imamveka.
- Kutha
Mitundu yosiyana "Zabava" imakhala yopanda chisanu, choncho sikofunikira kuti pogona pakhale mvula m'nyengo yozizira. Koma m'madera otentha otentha, kumene nyengo yachisanu imakhala yovuta kwambiri, ndizofunikira kuti muteteze mphesa. Kuti achite izi, chitsamba chilichonse cha mpesa chiyenera kumangirizidwa ndi nsalu zingapo, kuyala pansi ndi kutetezedwa pamwamba.
Ndibwino kuti uikepo zinthu pansi pa mpesa, mwachitsanzo, plywood yoonda, polyethylene, mpweya wambiri wakuda pepala kuti mphukira zisakhudze nthaka yokha, mwinamwake njira yovunda idzayamba.
Kenaka pamwamba pa tchire, taika chiwerengero chofunikira cha arcs zitsulo zomwe zimafunikira kuyendetsa galimoto pansi. Pa ma arcs muyenera kutambasula filimu ya pulasitiki, yomwe imateteza tchire ku zoopsa za chisanu. Mbali iyi, filimu iyi iyenera kukhazikitsidwa, mwachitsanzo, ndi dziko lapansi kapena njerwa, ndipo mapeto ayenera kukhala otseguka musanayambe chisanu. Koma nthawi yothetsa mapeto afunikanso kutsegula.
- Kudulira
Chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu kwa masango, mpesa ukhoza kuwonjezeka, zomwe zidzatengera zotsatira zoopsa. Choncho, muyenera normalize katundu pa tchire.
Zabwino konse kudula mphukira zofookazomwe zidzangopititsa patsogolo chitukuko champhamvu. Nthambi zadula zimafunika pamtunda wa 6 - 8. Kotero katundu pa chitsamba adzakhala osaposa 45 mabowo.
Nthambi zimakhala bwino mu kasupe pamene tchire sichilowa mu gawo la chitukuko chokhala ndi zamasamba. Pofuna kudulira sapling, mphukira ya chaka chimodzi iyenera kufupikitsidwa chaka chilichonse, kusiya maso ambiri. Kodi ndi nthambi zotani zoyenda, ayenera kukhala osachepera 4x, popeza ndi omwe adzabala chipatso.
- Feteleza
Monga mukudziwira, pogwiritsa ntchito nthaka, idatha. Choncho, muyenera nthawi zonse kupanga organic ndi mchere feteleza, kuti zipatso zomera zomera kupereka nthawi zonse yokolola.
Ngati mumalima mphesa m'munda mwanu, komanso makamaka "Zabava", ndiye kuti mukufunika kuti nthawi zonse mumere nthaka.
Manyowa amchere ayenera kupanga chaka ndi chaka, komanso organic - kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri ndi zitatu. Yabwino feteleza ndi humus, peat, manyowa, nkhuku manyowa.
Koma za feteleza zamchere, mphesa zimafunika nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi zinki.
Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ikafika nthawi yoti amasule tchire, chitetezo cha superphosphate, ammonium nitrate ndi potashi mchere chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku nthaka (20 g ya superphosphate, 10 g ya ammonium nitrate ndi 5 g wa potaziyamu mchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito 10 malita a madzi).
Mphesa isanayambe kuphuka, muyenera kupanga njira yomweyo. Asanakolole nayitrogeni, yomwe imapangitsa mphamvu kukula, sikoyenera kupereka.
Asanaphimbe tchire m'nyengo yozizira, potaziyamu imafunikira makamaka mphesa, zomwe zingathandize tchire m'nyengo yozizira. Kuti mupange molondola, muyenera kukumba zitsulo zozungulira 40 cm kuzungulira chitsamba chilichonse. Zitsambazi ziyenera kufotokozera bwalo ndi mpweya wa 50 cm kuzungulira chitsamba.
Ndikofunika kuti kuvala kumaphatikizana ndi ulimi wothirira. Choncho feteleza zimalowa m'nthaka.
- Chitetezo
Mwamwayi, zosiyanasiyana "Zabava" zingathe yoonongeka kwambiri ndi mildew, onetsetsani kuteteza tchire ku matendawa.
Dzina lina la matendawa ndi downy mildew. Amapezeka ndi mildew kudzera mawanga achikasu pamasamba ndipo amatha kupha ngakhale zipatso. Choncho, kulimbana ndi matendawa n'kofunika.
Monga momwe mungafunikire kulamulira chotsani nthambi zosweka ndi zoonongeka, mipesa sayenera kugwira pansi, ndipo tchire liyenera kuchitidwa ndi njira ziwiri za Bordeaux madzi: pamene mphukira imatha kufika masentimita 15, tchire liyenera kuthandizidwa ndi yankho la 0.75%, ndi yankho la 1%, tchire liyenera kukonzedwa pamaso pa maluwa, mutatha maluwa komanso zipatso zisanafike.
Komanso polimbana ndi mildew zidzakhala zowopsa kwambiri. Ngati fumbi lina lidayamba kuoneka pamasamba, mphesa zimakhudzidwa ndi oidium. Sulfure (1.5%), komanso fungicides, imathandizira oidium.
