Kutsegula kwa zipatso za chilimwe nyengo imayamba ndi chitumbuwa chokoma kwambiri.
Zimakhulupirira kuti chitumbuwa chokoma ndi chomera choda kwambiri chomwe chimakula kumadera akum'mwera.
Nthawi imapita, ndipo sayansi siimaima.
Chifukwa cha ntchito yopanda ntchito ya obereketsa, ubwino uwu wakumwera wakhala utakhazikitsidwa m'malo athu.
Tidzakuphunzitsani momwe mungapezere chikhalidwe cholemekezeka chotere m'munda mwanu.
Tsatanetsatane wa mitundu ya chitumbuwa chokoma
Mtengo uliwonse, komanso zipatso, ndizofunikira kusankha nyengo ya kukula, ulimi wothirira ndi nthaka yofunikira. Izi ndizo zokhudzana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mitengo yaing'ono, kukula kwake, chitukuko, komanso chofunika kwambiri, fruiting.
Mitundu iliyonse yamatcheri okoma amakhala ndi maonekedwe awo ndipo amadziwika ndi kukoma kwa zipatso, nyengo yakucha ndi kukula kwake. Ife tikufotokoza mitundu yotchuka komanso yodziwika bwino mtengo wozizwitsa uwu.
Chokoma chokoma choyambirira - zosiyana kwambiri, zomwe zimabzala kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe ndipo zimakhala zobala. Mtengo wa zamoyozi ndi wotsalira komanso wolimba, zomwe zimasiyana ndizo kukhalapo kwa masamba akuluakulu. Mitundu imeneyi imalekerera moniliasis ndi khansa ya mwala wa mbewu. Amayambira kuti apereke mbewu kuchokera zaka 4-5 pambuyo pa kubwerera.
Zosiyanasiyana Valery Chkalov oyambirira ndizovomerezeka zosiyanasiyana za chitumbuwa chokoma, kukhala ndi mtengo wolimba kwambiri wokhala ndi korona mu mawonekedwe a piramidi, yomwe imasintha mawonekedwe ake ndipo imakhala ikufalikira mu ukalamba. Mitundu imeneyi imalekerera matenda ambiri, koma sichikonda kutentha kwapakati, chifukwa nyengo yozizira imakhala yochepa kwambiri.
Mkazi wokhalamo - mtundu wa sing'anga kuchapa yamatcheri okoma, omwe ali a mitundu yozizira-yolimba ndi yosalala. Zipatso zake zimapsa mpaka pakati pa June.
Zipatso zazikulu - Zakudya zamatcheri zotchedwa late, zomwe zimapsa kumapeto kwa June ndipo zimakhala zolekerera kwambiri kutentha. Mitengo yambiri yamtengo wapatali yosakaniza yosungidwa bwino. Chinthu chosiyana ndi zipatso zazikulu zamtengo wapatali zamtengo wapatali.
Zimakhalanso zosangalatsa kuwerenga za mitundu yochedwa yakucha yamatcheri
Zipatso
Mabulosi a Cherry - Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zipatso zothandiza kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi mavitamini osiyanasiyana komanso zosiyana siyana. Mabulosiwa ndi nyumba yosungiramo carotene, nicotinic acid, coumarin ndi oxycoumarin, vitamini C, B1, B6, K, E, PP, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese, mkuwa, phosphorous ndi ayodini komanso zinthu zina zambiri zamtengo wapatali. Lili ndi salicylic acid, fiber ndi mankhwala - amygdalin, omwe amathandiza mimba kuti ipeze.
Mitundu yonse yamatcheri okoma amasiyana pakati pawo mu kukula kwa mabulosi, mtundu wake ndi kukoma. Ife tikufotokoza zipatso za mitundu yofala kwambiri.
Mafamu a Zipatso Zapamwamba gawo limodzi, osati lalikulu, pafupifupi 6-8 g, amasiyana mu mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mtima ndi mzere wamphamvu kwambiri. Gawo la mabulosiwa ndi lofiira kwambiri. Zipatso zazomerazi sizimasokoneza mvula. Mitengo yonse imakhala ndi lokoma lakumwa komanso imakhala yovuta, yowutsa mudyo, yochepa thupi.
Zipatso zozungulira zosiyana siyana Valery Chkalov Iwo amasiyana ndi kukula kwakukulu, komwe kumafikira mpaka 7-9 g. Pamwamba pa mabulosi onse pali dontho lakuda ndi knoll pamtsinje. Zipatso zili ndi mdima wofiira, pafupifupi mtundu wakuda wa zipatso, madzi ndi zamkati.
Maluwa a chikasu, omwe amadziwika okha Ziri zazikulu (8-7g), zimakhala ndi kukoma kokoma kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri omwe ali ndi mtima ndi zokwera pamwamba pa chipatso ndi kuvutika maganizo pamunsi; mabulosiwa ali ndi tinthu tating'ono tomwe timakhala ndi msoko wazing'ono. Zipatsozi zimakhala ndi mchere wambiri, wamawangamawanga, okoma mtima omwe ali ndi mtundu wokoma. Madzi zipatso zopanda mtundu. Tsinde la zipatsozo ndilopakati, lomwe limakhala losiyana ndi zipatso.
Mkulu kwambiri, wambirimbiri, zipatso zofiira zakuda Zipatso zazikulu zosiyanasiyana za chitumbuwa chokoma. Mitengo ya zipatso imachokera ku 10 mpaka 18.2 g wolemera. Zipatsozi zimakhala ndi dothi pazitsulo komanso m'mwamba, pamapeto pake, komanso pamtunda wosasinthasintha komanso pamtunda wosadziwika. Zipatso zimakhala ndi zokoma ndi zowawa, zamoyo, zowutsa mudyo, zomwe zimakhala zosiyana ndi mwalawo.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri chosonyeza mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa chitumbuwa ndi nthawi yakucha ya mitundu yambiri ya zipatso. Pokhala ndi chidziwitso china cha mitundu ya mitundu ya chitumbuwa chokoma, munthu akhoza kupeza kukolola kopitirira kwa zipatso zokoma ndi zathanzi, zomwe zidzapitilizidwa kusonkhanitsidwa kwa miyezi yambiri, mmunda wa munda wake.
Kutulutsa
Yamatcheri okoma ndi okwanira mtengo wofuna zipatsoMitundu yomwe, malinga ndi nthawi yakucha, ingagawidwe magulu angapo. Mu gulu loyambalo tingatchedwe kuti yamatcheri a nthawi yoyamba yakucha, m'gulu lachiwiri - mawu okhwimitsa kucha, komanso mu gulu lachitatu - kutsiriza mofulumira.
Poyamba mitundu ya chitumbuwa chokoma Phatikizani mitundu: Valery Chkalov, Lasunya, Poyambirira, Ruby Oyambirira, Vyznannya, Melitopol Oyambirira, Nyumba, Melitopol Wofiira, Nthano za Fairy, Era, Chance, Electra. Mitunduyi imapsa kumapeto kwa May ndi kucha mpaka kumayambiriro kwa June.
Kuti nthawi yakucha yakucha Mitundu ya yamatcheri imaphatikizapo: Dachnitsa, Vinka, Dilemma, June Oyambirira, Zabut, Dniprovka, Izyumnaya, Mirage, Rival, Prostor, Tavrichanka, Talisman, Totem, Epic. Mid-nyengo mitundu yokoma yamatcheri yakucha m'makati mwa June.
Kuti yamatcheri oyambirira Muphatikizepo: Zochitika Zazikulu, Zozizwitsa, Zokongola, Anshlag, Ubwenzi, Spark, Zodiac, Cosmic, Favorite Turovtseva, Large-fruited, Meotida, Melitopol wakuda, Orion, Olemekezeka, Temporion, Romance, Wodabwitsa. Onse amachedwa yamatcheri yakucha kupsa mpaka pakati kapena kumapeto kwa July.
Mtengo
Chipatso cha Cherry Mtengo - awa ndi mitengo yitaliatali, yomwe ili ya mtundu wa pinki yamatcheri. Mtengo wokha umakula ndi korona wokongola kwambiri ndipo umakhala ndi makungwa ofiira bwino, omwe ali ndi masamba obiriwira otentha kwambiri. Cherry maluwa Mtundu woyera kuyambira paulendo. Mitengo yamakiti nthawi zambiri imakhala mitengo yaitali ndipo moyo wake umatha zaka 100 kapena 300.
Chitsamba cha Cherry nthawi zambiri chimakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, monga chithokomiro, tizilombo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi matenda monga cocomicosis, cholerosis, moniliosis.
Zakudya zamtengo wapatali zimatchedwa kuti mitengo yomwe imaletsa chisanu bwino, ndipo nyengo yowonjezera imakhala yotentha m'nyengo yozizira imayambitsa kuzizira kwa mbewu m'nyengo yozizira. Mtengo wa Cherry uli ndi rhizome yozama, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapereka mphukira. Tsabola yamtengo wapatali imafuna dera lalikulu la chakudya. Sichimalola kuti madzi a pansi, asamayandikire mizu, ndipo amasankha dothi lokhazikika.
Ndizo mtengo wowala, zomwe mumthunzi zimapereka zokolola zoipa ndipo zimakoka kwambiri. Kawirikawiri, yamatcheri amalekerera kutentha kosalala, ndipo mtengo wokha sufuna malo ogona.
Pereka
Mtengo wa chitumbuwa ndi wa mitengo yokhazikika, yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri kubereka zipatso pa mtanda pollination. Kuti izi zitheke, m'munda mwabzala angapo nthawi imodzi maluwa mitundu yamatcheri okoma. Ndibwino kuti muthe
Zokolola za mtengo zimayamba pa 4-5 chaka chisanachitike kubzala kwa mbande zazing'ono. Fruiting yamatcheri makamaka amadalira njira yoberekera ya mtengo uwu.
Yamatcheri okoma kufalitsidwa ndi kufesa, ndi mitundu yolima - kukulumikiza. Mitengo yomwe imapezeka ndi kuchulukitsa mbewu imayamba kubereka zipatso patapita zaka zingapo. Iwo inoculate yamatcheri nthawi zambiri pa antipka yamatcheri ndi zakutchire mbande. Zosamba zamagulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
Mtengo womangirizidwa ku yamatcheri umabala nthawi yocheperapo kusiyana ndi mtengo wa chitumbuwa womwe unkalumikizidwa pa mbande za chitumbuwa.
Kusiyanitsa kosavuta kwachitsulo kungatheke, kumene yamatcheri osiyanasiyana, nthawi zokolola zosiyana, amawonjezeredwa ku mtengo umodzi wa zipatso.
Maluso
Kuti mtengo wa mtengo Mchere wotchedwa cherries ukhoza kutchulidwa ndi zipatso zabwino za zipatso, zomwe zimasankhidwa bwino, zimapereka zipatso kwa miyezi ingapo. Lokoma chitumbuwa zipatso zimatulutsidwa kwambiri, ndipo zimasungidwa bwino.
Cherry ndi mtengo womwe ukukula mofulumira, womwe uli ndi fruiting wabwino pachaka ndi zokolola zabwino, zomwe zidzangobwezera mwamsanga mtengo wa kubzala munda ndipo zidzakhala ngati gwero la ndalama zabwino.
Kuipa
Monga mitengo yonse ya zipatso, chitumbuwa chokoma chimakhala ndi zovuta zake, podziwa zomwe mungapewe mavuto ambiri okhudzana ndi chisamaliro ndi kulima mtengo wa zipatso uwu.
Kuti kupanda ungwiro kwa mtengo Mphamvu zake zikhoza kutchulidwa - mtengo umakula kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri umakhala wovuta kukolola, kotero muyenera kulingalira posankha mmera wa mtengo wamtengo ndi kudulira nthawi zonse.
Mtengo wa chitumbuwa sungakonde mvula ndi mvula yambiri - izi zimayambitsa mizu yovunda, kuphulika kwa zipatso ndi kuzizira kwa mbewu m'nyengo yozizira. Tsabola yamtengo wapatali ndi chomera chochepa kwambiri, chomwe chimakondedwa kwambiri ndi mitundu yonse ya tizirombo ndi matenda.
Mbali yosamalira zosiyanasiyana
Podziwa zinthu za yamatcheri okoma ndi kuwasamalira bwino, wina amatha kukula mtengo wokongola kwambiri. Ichi chodabwitsa chikhalidwe kumafuna kukhala osamala komanso osamalaMwa njira iyi yekha adzalandira minda yamaluwa ndi zokolola zabwino chaka chilichonse.
Kudulira
Mtengo wa Cherry wosiyana ndi kukula kwake mofulumira, msinkhu wake ukhoza kufika mamita 15. Panthawi yomweyi, mtengo wokhazikika nthambi ndi popanda kudulira zipatso mphukira ndi kusinthidwa kwa korona periphery. Ndipo pamtunda uwu, chipatsocho sichizitetezedwa ku mbalame ndi ntchentche za chitumbuwa.
Motero, kupanga korona, mtengo wa pachaka kudulidwa masika 40 masentimita pamwamba pa kumtengowo dera pa katatu kapena nyongolosi ya impso. Chotsani mphukira zonse zomwe zimatuluka, kusiya apical imodzi ndi ziwiri - pamlingo womwewo kumbali zonse za thunthu.
Pakatha miyezi ingapo, mphukira imamangidwa pa madigiri 45 pa sitima, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi, pamene nthambi zazing'ono zimakula ndikukula mpaka masentimita 45, woyendetsa wamkulu amadulidwa mu mphete, ndipo kudula mafuta m'munda putty.
Mu zaka zitatu zotsatira Kuti apange mawonekedwe ofanana, mitengo imadulidwa kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, yamatcheri ndi otsekemera korona pamtengo amachoka pamunsi mphukira zonse zimakhala kumbali. Pomwe pali masamba 4-6 pa nthambi zazing'ono, zomwe sizichita nawo mapangidwe a korona, zimapangidwira kuti zisiye kukula.
Mu zokolola zochepa yamatcheri, ofanana ndi mawotchi, amadula mizu yake. Izi zimachepetsa kukula kwa chikhalidwe ndipo zimayambitsa kupanga mphukira zatsopano. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti mitengo yakale imafuna kubwezeretsa imodzi mwa nthambi za chigoba.
Malo oterewa amapangidwa ndi kumangiriza nthambi yowonjezera kuchokera kumbali kupita ku malo a nthambi yakaleyo; nthambi yakaleyo imadulidwa kumapeto kwa dzinja ndi mphete, mutatha kudula mdulidwe ndi munda bale.
Koma dziwani kuti Kudula mitengo kumatha kuwononga kwambiri mtengondipo ngakhale kuwononga izo. Choncho, kwa oyamba kumene, wamaluwa amalimbikitsidwa kumayambiriro kasupe, pamaso pa masamba akuphulika, kuti azichita zoyenera kudulira zouma ndi zouma nthambi, komanso kupatulira korona.
Feteleza
Popanda kuvala pamwamba kukolola kwa mtengo uliwonse wa zipatso ndi mtengo wa chitumbuwa umachepetsanso. Kupereka kwa zakudya m'nthaka kuyenera kubwezeretsedwa nthawi zonse. Thandizo lachonde, kupanga feteleza osiyanasiyana.
Anakumana wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kupanga chitumbuwa organic fertilizer, ikhoza kukhala kompositi, superphosphate ndi sulfate ya potaziyamu. Kuvala uku kumachitika mu kugwa, kamodzi pa zaka zitatu. M'chaka, akulangizidwa kudyetsa mitengo ya ammonium nitrate ndi nayitrogeni, izi zimapangitsa kuonjezera zokolola za mtengo.
Zambiri kukonza fruiting, musanayambe kufalikira, mtengo umapulitsidwa ndi njira yothetsera madzi ndi uchi mofanana - supuni imodzi ya uchi imaphatikizidwira 10 malita a madzi.
Kuthirira
Si chinsinsi kwa aliyense kuti kuvala kwina kwakukulu kumapangitsa zotsatira zowonjezereka kuphatikizapo ulimi wothirira. Nthawi zonse ndi wochuluka, koma moyenera, kuthirira yamatcheri kupereka chakudya chokhazikika ndi chitukuko cha mbewuyi.
Ngati dothi lauma pa nthawi yakucha, kuthirira kuyenera kuyimitsidwa, chifukwa chinyezi chochuluka chingathandize kuperekera kwa chitumbuwa chokoma.
Musanayambe masamba oyambirira, iwo amapereka madzi okwanira oyambirira a yamatcheri, yachiwiri - kutha kwa maluwa masiku 15-20, lachitatu - musanakolole masiku 15-20, koma osati nthawi yakucha, yomaliza - kugwa masamba.
Zima
Yamatcheri okoma kwambiri thermophilic chomeraamene kukonzekera kwa nyengo yozizira kumayamba m'chilimwe. Choncho, pofuna kupeŵa kuzizira kwa mbeu, nayitrogeni feteleza amaimitsidwa kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, ndipo kutsekemera kwa fetashi feteleza m'malo mwake kumawonjezeka.
Pulezidenti wa phosphate umene unayambika mu September umakonzedwanso kuti ukhale wozizira. Izi zimathandiza kuti mtengo usatetezedwe kutentha kwa mpweya.
Pa cholinga chomwechi, kuyambira chilimwe, kuthirira mitengo ya zipatso kumayimitsidwa. Ayeneranso kuteteza mtengo ku matenda osiyanasiyana, monga izi, motero, amachepetsa kwambiri chisanu kukana.
Matenda, tizirombo
Yamatcheri amangoti azikonda tizirombo zosiyanasiyana ndi matenda. Choncho, kumafunikira chisamaliro chapadera ndi chisamaliro.
Choopsa kwambiri mtengo yamatcheri amabweretsa nsabwe za m'masamba, yomwe imapezeka pamwamba pa mphukira mu May. Pofuna kupeŵa kubereka kwake, mtengo umapulitsidwa ndi Aktofit, njira yothetsera madzi sopo ndi fodya, komanso kukonza mankhwala Konfidor kapena Bi-58. Kukonzekera kotereku kumachitika musanayambe kukolola zipatso masiku 20.
Pakati ndi mochedwa kukonda chitumbuwa cha chitumbuwa chitumbuwa ntchentche. Chitetezo chodalirika pa tizilombo ichi ndi Karate, Decis, Confidor kapena Arrivo. Jays ndi Starlings ndi okonda yamatcheri oyambirira. Nsomba yotetezera yokha ndiyoyikidwa pa nthambi kapena mitengo ya mabulosi yomwe idabzalidwa pafupi imatha kuteteza zipatso zokoma za mtengo kuchokera ku nkhonya za nthenga.
Yamatcheri okoma komanso amadziwika kwambiri ndi matenda a fungal. Kuchokera kwa iwo, chomera chidzapulumutsa mankhwala ndi mankhwala Topaz, Strobe, Horus kapena Bordeaux osakaniza.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti yamatcheri amakonda kutenthedwa, choncho siwotentha, dzuwa ndi malo otseguka kumtunda wa kum'mwera kapena kum'mwera chakumadzulo ndi nthaka yosasunthika, yomwe imadetsedwa bwino, chifukwa chikhalidwechi sichikonda nthaka yamchenga.
Mbali za kubzala mitundu
Nthawi yobwera
Mitengo ya Cherry imabzalidwa musanayambe masamba kumayambiriro kwa masikapamene kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa 0 ° C. Pitani pansi pa kukwera iwo akukonzekerabe m'dzinja mwa kuwonjezera feteleza wothira nthaka. Gombe limagwedeza pafupifupi 1m kupingasa ndi 70 cm chakuya. Kuwona zonse zoganizira zosamalira yamatcheri, mwamsanga mungathe kupeza zokolola zabwino za chikhalidwe chokongola chakumwera.
