Mu maloto anu, mwinamwake munaposa kamodzi munalowa mu munda wa zipatso, womwe ungakhoze kutambasulidwa ku kanyumba kanu. Ndipo ngati malowo si abwino kumunda, mungakonde bwanji?
Malo amtundu uliwonse adzakhala wopanda ungwiro popanda chitumbuwa. Kukongola kumeneku kudzakondweretsa inu ndi maluwa ake mu kasupe, ndipo mu chilimwe zidzakudabwitsani ndi zipatso zowutsa mudyo.
Ambiri adzanena kuti n'kosatheka kukula bwino chitumbuwa chokoma ku dera la Moscow. M'nkhaniyi, tikuwonetsa - si. Chinsinsi chachikulu ndi kusankha mitundu yoyenera yamatcheri chifukwa chodzala. Komabe, ndikofunika kuganizira nyengo ndi nyengo zomwe zingatheke kuti zichitike.
Mkhalidwe wa chikhalidwe m'madera a Moscow
Posankha chitumbuwa, timalimbikitsa kupereka chidwi chapadera m'nyengo yozizira kukana ndi chisanu kukana wa zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana. Ndikofunika kufotokoza kuti izi ndi ziwiri zofanana, koma osati zofanana.
Pansi pa nyengo yoziziritsa yolimba yozizira imatanthawuza kukhoza kwa mtengo kapena chomera kukana zachilengedwe zosawononga zachilengedwe: chisanu, icing, ndi zina zotero.
Koma kwa dera lathu, kutentha kwachisanu kwa mtengo kumafunikanso, ndiko kuti, mphamvu yeniyeni ya chomera kuti imalimbane ndi kutentha kwakukulu, chifukwa m'nyengo yozizira ikhoza kugwa mpaka -35 ndi kuchepa.
Mfundo ina yofunikira ndiyo kuthekera kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. kukana matenda ndi matenda: choyamba coccomycosis ndi moniliasis. Izi ndizofala kwambiri matenda a yamatcheri mumzinda wa Moscow.
Ndizosatheka kulimbana ndi matenda popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, choncho ndibwino kuti nthawi yomweyo musankhe mitundu yamatcheri omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi matenda oterewa. Mwachidule za matendawa.
Coccomycosis ndi Moniliasis. Ngati mtengo uli ndi bowa la coccomycosis, masamba ake oyambirira amatembenukira chikasu n'kukhala wakuda ndipo amafulumira kugwa. Pamene moniliosis, si masamba amene amavutika, koma zipatso. Amaphimbidwa ndi chibwebwe choyera, ngati pachimake, ndikuyamba kuvunda - zipatso zoterezi sizingadye.
Tsopano tiyeni tiyankhule za mitundu yamatcheri, omwe amasinthidwa kuti akhale ndi kukula mu dera la Moscow.
Cherry zosiyanasiyana "Apukhtinskaya"
Mtengo za mtundu umenewu otsika, ndi 2.5-3m wamtali wokha, amakula ngati shrub, ali ndi nthambi zingapo za m'munsi. Zipatso zili mdima wofiira, ndi zazikulu komanso zimafanana ndi mtima. Zimakoma zokoma ndi zowawa, koma zimachoka pambuyo pake.
Ndikumapeto kwa nyengo, maluwa ake amayamba kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, ndipo zipatso zimapsa kumapeto kwa August. Mtengo umakhala wozizira kwambiri ndipo umasokoneza coccomycosis. Pambuyo pake maluwa ndi mtundu wa inshuwalansi ku kasupe wa chisanu, zipatso zokolola.
Fruiting ikuyamba m'chaka chachiwiri mutabzala ndi samoploden zosiyanasiyana. Zipatso za Cherry zili ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimalimbikitsa kupangika kwa magazi ndikusunga mlingo wa chitsulo ndi hemoglobin.
Koma, komanso, pali zovuta zosiyanasiyana. Pambuyo pake maluwa ndi ovuta komanso opindulitsa, chifukwa zosiyanasiyana sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito pollination. Kukoma kochedwa kungayambitse kugwa kwa zipatso, ngati autumn imabwera kwambiri mwamphamvu.
Timafotokozanso momveka bwino za kubzala yamatcheri. Popeza chitumbuwa ndi chomera chamwala, chimakonda kutentha ndi dzuwa, choncho malowa ayenera kusankhidwa kumtunda kwakum'mwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo kwa malowa ndipo madzi osadetsedwa sayenera kukhala oposa 2.5m padziko lapansi. Mbande ndi bwino kusankha zaka ziwiri, ndi mizu yomwe inakhazikika, ndikufika pamtunda mu September.
M'pofunikanso kutchula mbali za chisamaliro cha chitumbuwa choterocho. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa odzichepetsa kwambiri yamatcheri, opanda pafupifupi mavuto. Manyowa ayenera kukhala makamaka pakabzala: organic (manyowa, kompositi) ndi mineral (superphosphates ndi potashi). Ndiye m'pofunika kudzaza nthaka zaka zitatu.
Ndikofunika kuthirira madzi yamatcheri mutangobzala, ndiyeno amakhala ndi mvula yokwanira. Pokhapokha pakagwa chilala chowonjezera kuthirira. Kudulira kuyenera kuyambira mwamsanga mutabzala, kusiya masamba 4 mpaka 5 okha kuti apange korona, pamtunda wa masentimita 40 kuchokera muzu wa mizu, pambuyo pake kudulira kumapangidwa nthawi iliyonse yophukira kuti korona siili wandiweyani ndipo pali zokolola zabwino.
About zosiyanasiyana "Lyubskaya"
Imodzi mwa mitundu yakale kwambiri ya chitumbuwa, yomwe imakula m'dera lalikulu la Russia, kuphunzira kwake mwakhama kunayamba m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri mphambu makumi awiri.
Mtengo waukulu wamtali ukufika mamita 2.5-3, omwe sichifuna zipangizo zina zokolola.
Korona wa yamatcheri ikufalikira, koma osati wandiweyani, ndipo izi zimafuna khama lochepa pamene mukudulira. Makungwawa ali ndi mthunzi wofiirira ndi wosweka, ndipo nthambi za mawonekedwe a zokhoma zimachokera ku makungwa pa ngodya ya madigiri pafupifupi 45. Mu mtundu, zipatsozo zimakhala zofiira, ndipo mtundu umakhala wodalirika ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi ndi kutentha.
Mnofu ndi wokoma ndi wowawasa, koma zowonjezereka zimakhala zowawa, zomwe ambiri samazikonda, choncho amakonda kupatsa chipatso chokonzekera: vinyo, compotes kapena kupanikizana.
Zopindulitsa kwambiri za izi zosiyanasiyana: zokolola zazikulu, mitengo imayamba kubala chipatso kale pamsinkhu wa zaka 2-3, ndipo ndi zaka zapakati pa 8 ndi 9 iwo amatha kukwanira. Zipatso zimanyamula bwino ndipo sizimataya.
Chinthu china - ichi samoplodnaya chitumbuwa, zomwe zikutanthawuza kuti zikhoza kubzalidwa popanda zofunikira za anzako. Zokolola zokolola ndi kuchedwa maluwa zimakopa chidwi cha wamaluwa a dera la Moscow ku "Lyubskaya" kukongola.
Komabe, sizimapanga popanda zoperekera zosamalitsa zamatcheri. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka makungwa, mtengo umawotchedwa pa chisanu choopsa chomwe chiyenera kutetezedwa. Amachepetsanso mphamvu ya chitumbuwa popewera matenda opatsirana.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti Lubskaya chitumbuwa sizomwe zimapulumuka m'munda, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi moyo ndipo zimabereka zipatso zoposa 18 zakubadwa ndipo zokhazokha zingakhale zotheka kuwonjezera moyo kwa zaka 20-25.
Onetsetsani mwatsatanetsatane zenizeni za kubzala ndi kusamalira. Mukamabzala, kumbukirani kuti chitumbuwacho chimakhala chovuta kwambiri panthaka - onetsetsani kuti dothi lanu m'munda mwanu silikhala losavuta, ngati simukuyenera kulima.
Yonjezerani zambiri za feteleza, koma musawonjezere fetereza zambiri - sakonda zimenezo.
Kuthirira kumakhala koyenera - madzi sayenera kuphulika pafupi ndi mizu. Cherry mwachizolowezi safuna kudulira, komabe, kupatsidwa kwabwino kozizira kwambiri, mizu yake iyenera kuphimbidwa m'nyengo yozizira.
Tsopano za zosiyanasiyana "Achinyamata"
Mitundu imeneyi inakhazikitsidwa mu 1996 podutsa mitundu iwiri iwiri: Lyubskaya ndi Vladimirskaya.
Zina mwazosiyana za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi izi: chitumbuwa chingakhale ndi mtengo ndi mawonekedwe a chitsamba; mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yautali wamtali, kutalika kwake kwa mtengo wamkulu sikungapola mamita 2.5, ndipo nthawi ya kucha (zipatso zipsa kumapeto kwa July).
Masambawo ndi obiriwira omwe ali ndi mdima wodetsedwa. Zipatso za mdima wofiira ndi yowutsa mudyo zamkati, zokoma kwambiri pa kukoma. Chodabwitsa kwambiri, chitumbuwa ichi ndi chabwino kudya mwatsopano - padzakhala phindu lina.
Zina mwa mphamvu za mitundu zingathe kudziwika zokolola zazikulu (pachaka), kukana yozizira frosts, mwachilungamo mkulu msinkhu wa kukana fungal matenda, undemanding kusamalira.
Koma zofooka zake zimawonetsedwa mokwanira yozizira-kukana kwa maluwa ndi sing'anga zotsutsa matenda a fungal. Ndikoyenera kumvetsera mawu omalizira, monga nthawi ya chilimwe yotentha ndi yamvula, n'zotheka kuti matendawa amayamba.
Kuphatikizidwa kwa malingaliro onse omwe akufotokozedwa kumaphatikizapo ziganizo pamene mubzala ndi kusamalira zomera. Mukasankha kudzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitumbuwa cha Molodyozhnaya, sankhani malo a dzuwa pamwamba pa phiri kuti mpweya wozizira usawonongeke mizu. Pachifukwa ichi, nthaka ya mchenga yokhala ndi mchenga ndi madzi abwino komanso mpweya wabwino. Dzikoli liyenera kukhala losaloĊµerera (osati lachilendo).
Musaiwale kuti pofuna kupewa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, m'pofunika kuti tipeze mitengo yachisanu, makamaka achinyamata, ndipo simuyenera kutengeka ndi madzi okwanira. Kudulira kumachitika kawiri pachaka, mu kasupe ndi m'dzinja: choyamba, kupanga korona, kenako kuti uzimitsa nthambi zakale.
Cherry zosiyanasiyana "Turgenevka"
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imalengedwa ndi masoka achilengedwe kuchokera ku Zhukovskaya zosiyanasiyana ndipo makamaka otchuka ku Moscow dera.
Mmera wamkulu umafikira mamita 3, ndipo mawonekedwe a korona amafanana ndi piramidi yopotozedwa. Zipatso zimayamba kuphuka kumapeto kwa mwezi wa July, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti aziphuka bwinobwino komanso kuti asaphuke.
Bordeaux zipatso zimakhala zofanana ndi mtima, zamkati ndi zowutsa mudyo komanso zokoma kwambiri. Ngati chilimwe chili ndi dzuwa ndipo ndi okwanira chinyezi, acidity sichimveka bwino.
Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana ndi: zokolola zambiri, kukana coccomycosis, zipatso zazikulu zomwe zimalekerera kayendedwe, ndi kulekerera ku chisanu.
Zowononga ndizo: Kusalolera kulekerera maluwa a maluwa ndi impso, zomwe zingakhudze kwambiri mbewu. Mtengo uli ndi malo ochepetsetsa, choncho m'pofunika kudzala mitundu yozungulira mungu, mwachitsanzo, Lyubskaya kapena Molodezhnaya.
Ziyenera kuzindikiranso zinthu monga kubzala ndi kusamalira yamatcheri:
- Musati muzengereza mtengo kumtunda, kuti ziwonjezere mkhalidwe pamene kutentha kumatsika, zomwe zingayambitse zokolola zochepa;
- Tcherani khutu la mtengo kwa nthawi yozizira - zidzakuthandizani kuti khungu likhale lopanda kanthu kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda;
- Panthawi ya fruiting, yamatcheri amafunika kuthirira, chifukwa zipatsozo zimatenga madzi ndi zakudya zambiri;
- Maonekedwe a korona amafunika kuyang'anitsitsa kutchera m'munsi mwa nthambi, chifukwa amatha kupanga chivundikiro chobiriwira ndipo salola kuti zipatso zizimangirire.
Talemba mndandanda wa mitundu yambiri ya yamatcheri omwe amakula mu dera la Moscow, komabe, nkofunikira kutsata malamulo onse a kulima m'deralo.
Basic malamulo kwa kukula yamatcheri mu Moscow dera
- Kuti mutenge bwino chitumbuwa, sankhani malo omwe dzuwa lidzakhale, pamwamba pake, madzi apansi adzakhala pamtunda wosaposa mamita 2.5, ndipo nthaka idzakhala yopanda ndale.
- Ndikofunika kuthirira madzi a chitumbuwa nthawi izi: mu kugwa, pamene masamba agwa, maluwa asanayambe maluwa.
- Kuyamitsa nthaka ayenera kukhala kamodzi pazaka zitatu zilizonse - izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku feteleza, ndipo mchere umayenera kubwereranso chaka chilichonse.
- Yambani kudulira mutangoyamba kubzala, ndiye mutha kuchichita katatu pa chaka kuti mupange korona ndikupewa kuchuluka kwa nthambi.
- Onetsetsani kuti ngakhale mutasankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chisanu ndi yozizira, yikani mitengo m'nyengo yozizira ndikuyeretsani makungwa pa mtunda wa masentimita 50 kuchokera pansi. Izi zidzateteza chisanu, kuteteza motsutsana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo.
