Tonsefe tikudziwa kuti chitumbuwa chokoma ndi mabulosi ofiira ofiira ofiira kapena amdima.
Komabe, pali mitundu yodabwitsa kwambiri. Izi zimaphatikizapo yamatcheri, omwe zipatso zake zimakhala ndi chikasu.
Pa nthawi yomweyo, zimakhala zokoma komanso zokongola chifukwa cha mtundu wawo wodabwitsa.
Tiyeni tifufuze mitundu, kubzala ndi malamulo kuti azisamalira yamatcheri achikasu.
Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha cherry yachikasu ndizokolola zawo zabwino ndi zipatso za zipatso. Chifukwa cha ichi, lero iwo akhala okonda mpikisano kwa zipatso zofiira zakuda. Wotchuka kwambiri m'dziko lathu ndi mitundu iwiri yamatcheri. Za iwo lero zidzakambidwa.
Mitundu yamakono yamatcheri "Drogana Yellow"
Chiyambi cha zosiyanasiyanazi sichidziwika, koma chinafika ku Russia kuchokera ku Germany. Anamutchula dzina lake kulemekeza wofalitsa wa Saxon dzina lake Drogan. Zimatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yakale yamatcheri okoma.
Komanso, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imapezeka padziko lonse lapansi - Drogan Yellow yamatcheri amapezeka ku Belarus, ku Central Asia, ndi kumpoto kwa Caucasus dera la Russia. Zonsezi zikuwonetsa kusinthika kwakukulu kwa zosiyanasiyana ndi mfundo yakuti mwina sakonda wamaluwa.
Kufotokozera za zipatso za zosiyanasiyana "Drogana Yellow"
Ndi kukula kwake Zipatso ndizokulu kwambiri. Kawirikawiri, kulemera kwawo ndi 6.5 gm, kuchuluka kwake ndi magalamu 8. Maonekedwe a zipatsowa ndi owongoka mtima, okongola kwambiri, omwe amapereka machitidwe abwino kwambiri a chipatso. Pamwamba pa chitumbuwacho, mzerewu ndi wakuya kwambiri. Mtundu wa khungu ndi wachikasu, pamwamba pake ndi lofewa kwambiri.
Thupi la chipatso liri ndi mtundu wachikasu. Mwa dongosolo, ndi lalikulu kwambiri, lili ndi madzi okwanira okwanira. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti mu zosiyanasiyanazi madzi ndi osabala, osasintha. Mphuno ya chipatso ndi yokoma kwambiri ndipo imadziwika kwambiri ndi akatswiri olemera (4.3 mfundo pa 5). Zakudya za vitamini C mu 100 magalamu a zamkati ndi 6.6 mg.
Mwala wa Drogan Yellow lokoma chitumbuwa uli ndi kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe oblongwa ovoid. Mtundu wa fupa ndi beige wopepuka. Komabe, ndi bwino kwambiri kulekanitsidwa ndi nsonga za mwanayo.
Kusankhidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya chitumbuwa chokoma "Drogana Yellow" chilengedwe chonse. Zimatchulidwa kuti pokonzekera zipatso za compotes zimapindulitsa kwambiri. Komanso, zimayenera kupanga kupanikizana ndi kuyanika. Osatonthozedwa chifukwa chozizizira, chifukwa cha khungu lofewa, amangowamba kutuluka pambuyo pang'onopang'ono.
Zosiyana za mtengo
Mitundu yambiri ya chitumbuwa chokoma mtengo monga wamkulu amafikira kukula kwakukulu. Korona wake ndi wandiweyani, wochuluka kapena wozungulira piramidi.
Umaso uli wandiweyani. Ngakhale kuti mtengo uli ndi munda wambiri, ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti zokololazo zikhale zosiyana. Zipatso zimakhala ngati mbali ya mtengo ngati maluwa. Komabe, mbali yaying'ono ya chipatso imapangidwanso pamaziko a mphukira pachaka.
Mitengo ya mtengo imabwera mochedwa, komanso kucha kwa chipatso. Cherry yakucha nthawi zambiri imapezeka kumapeto kwa June. Kutulutsa zipatso panthawi imodzi.
Maluwa oyambirira akhoza kuwonedwa kale patatha zaka 4-5 mutabzala mmera pamalo osatha. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mtengo umabala zipatso pafupifupi zaka 25.
Pereka mitundu yambiri pamwamba ndi nthawi zonse. Kawirikawiri, zipatso zokwana matani 8-9 amakololedwa pa hekitala ya m'munda wamatchire okoma okoma. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti m'zaka zabwino zokwana matani 22 zimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku hekita imodzi. Sindimachoka pamtunda ndekha, chifukwa ndibwino kwambiri ku mtengo.
Mphukira yaying'ono ya mtengo ndi, ngakhale pang'ono pang'ono patina ya imvi. Iwo amadziwika ndi kuwala kofiira kofiira kwa khungwa, komwe pamphukira kumapanga timatengo tomwe timapanga. Pa mphukira mphutsi zing'onozing'ono zozungulira zowonjezereka ndi masamba omwe amawoneka bwino. Cherry maluwa maluwa, omwe amakhala ndi 2-3 maluwa.
Maluwawo ndi ofiira kukula kwake, corolla ndi woboola pakati. Nkhuku ndizozungulira, zoyera, zakukhudzirana. Tiyenera kudziŵa kuti kukula kwa masamba a zosiyanazi ndi kwakukulu, mawonekedwe awo ndi otupa-oval, mtundu ndi wobiriwira.
Ubwino wa mitundu yambiri yachikasu yamatcheri
Choyamba, khalidwe labwino kwambiri la Drogana Yellow cherry zosiyanasiyana ndi zokolola zazikulu ndi mawonekedwe abwino a chipatso. Kuonjezera apo, makhalidwe awo abwino amachititsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu komanso mawonekedwe.
Komanso, zosiyanasiyana zimagonjetsedwa ndi kutentha kwakukulu, ndipo izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazomwe zimabereka komanso nkhuni. Sitikukayikira kuti kufalikira kwake konse ngakhale kumpoto kuli kotheka chifukwa cha maluwa ochedwa, omwe amathetsa kuthekera kwa kuphulika kwa maluwa. Zikondwerero kulekerera kwa chilala ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka matenda opatsirana ndi fungal.
Kupanda zosiyanasiyana
Zipatso zili ndi zotsika kwambiri. Iye sangathe kudzipangira mungu wake, choncho ayenera kudzala mitundu yambiri yamatcheri m'munda wake. Nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ngati ntchentche. Mvula yamkuntho imatha kuyambitsa zipatso ndikupangitsa matenda monga imvi zipatso zowola.
Zimakhalanso zosangalatsa kuwerenga za kugwa kwadulira kwa chitumbuwa chokoma.
Mitundu yamakono yamtengo wapatali
Wina wotchuka kwambiri zosiyanasiyana zachikasu zotchedwa cherries, omwe makolo ake ndi Leningradskaya Krasnaya ndi Zolotoya Loshitskaya cherries. Zokolola ndi khalidwe labwino kwambiri la chipatsocho zinapezedwa chifukwa cha mpweya wapadera womwe unapezeka poyenda mbewuyo mothandizidwa ndi neutroni mwamsanga.
Mitundu yambiri yambiri idapangidwa mu Central Black Earth dera la Russia.
Zipatso za mitundu yosiyana "Nyumba Yomanga"
Zipatso za zosiyanasiyanazi ndi zazikulu kwambiri. Zolemera zawo zowonjezera zimasiyana m'madera 5.5 magalamu. Machenga ambiri a mabulosi akutentha ndi 2.1 centimita. Maonekedwe a chipatsocho ndi ozungulira, omwe amadziwika ndi chimbudzi chachikulu. Pamunsi mwa zipatso mulibe kuvutika maganizo. Mimba ya m'mimba ndi yochepa.
Tsinde ndilolitali, panthawi ya kukhwima kosasunthika kungathe kudzichotsa mosavuta kunthambi. Chophimba ndi mtundu waukulu wa chipatso ndi chikasu. Palibe zigawo zochepa, khungu ndi losalala.
Mnofu ndi wachikasu. Maonekedwe ake ndi gristly komanso yowutsa mudyo. Madzi alibe mtundu. Mabala a kukoma ndi okoma ndi owawa, owerengedwa ndi tasters ndi mfundo 4.7. Ali ndi vitamini C wambiri, omwe mu 100 magalamu a chipatso muli pafupifupi 10.6 mg.
Mwala mu chipatso uli ndi mawonekedwe ovoid, poyerekezera ndi kulemera kwathunthu kwa zipatsozo ndi zazikulu (8.5% za mimba ya chipatso). Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyanazi ndikuti fupa limakhala losiyana kwambiri ndi zamkati mwa chipatso.
Cholinga cha zipatso za chitumbuwa chokoma cha tebulo ili. Chokwanira ndi choyenera zonse zogwiritsiridwa ntchito mwatsopano, ndi pokonza pa kupanikizana ndi compotes.
Tsabola yamtengo wapatali imatha kufika kukula kwakukulu mu nthawi yachonde. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti dMtengo ukukula mofulumira kwambiri, ngakhale zokolola zoyamba zimapereka chaka chimodzi chokha mutabzala. Korona wa mtengo uli ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Kutalika kwake ndilipakati. Mbali yapadera ya mtengo ndi nthambi zake.
Mosiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Drogana Yellow cherries, iyi zosiyanasiyana zimatanthawuza oyambirira. Choncho, mtengo umayamba kufalikira kale, ndipo nthawi yowoneka bwino ya zipatso imayamba. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ili ndi zokolola zambiri. Mtengo suyenera bwino kubzala m'minda yamakampani, ndikulimbikitsanso kubzala m'minda yam'munda (yomwe imatha kumvetsetsanso ngakhale pazinthu zosiyanasiyana).
Mphukira ya mtengo ndi yolunjika, bulauni-bulauni mtundu. Zimakhala zofiirira, koma zili ndi masamba abwino kwambiri. Masambawo ndi aakulu, monga Drogan Yellow zosiyanasiyana, koma ali ndi kuwala kobiriwira. Pa mphukira ndi nambala yokwanira ya masamba amapangidwa, omwe amasiyana mozungulira-conical mawonekedwe.
Inflorescences ili ndi maluwa atatu omwe ali aakulu kukula. Mtundu wa maluwa ndi woyera.
Ubwino wa mitundu yambiri ya chitumbuwa
Mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa zosiyanasiyana ndikuti wodzipha ndipo safuna kubzala mbewu pafupi ndi khomo.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, chimodzi mtengo ukhoza kubereka zokolola kwambiri. Mafuta achikasu okongola ndi okongola kwambiri, amalekerera chilala ndi nyengo yamvula yambiri popanda mavuto. Ngakhale kuti chitumbuwa chokoma "Nyumba Yoyenda" chimatanthauza mitundu yoyambirira, palibe zilonda pa maluwa ake kumapeto kwa chisanu.
Komanso, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ili ndi kukana kwa chisanu. Kawirikawiri amakhudzidwa ndi matenda oyambitsa matenda a yamatcheri ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, monga ntchentche ntchentche. Choncho, zosiyanasiyana zimapindulitsa kwambiri kubzala pa chiwembu.
Mitundu yamafuta "Nyumba"
Mtengo waukulu wa chitumbuwa chokoma ndi wosala mwamsanga umapereka mavuto ambiri kwa wamaluwa, chifukwa kumafuna kuyang'anitsitsa kukula kwa mphukira ndi kudulira nthawi zonse. Korona wonyezimira amatenga malo ambiri, kotero kubzala mitengo yambiri pa siteti imodzi sizingatheke.
Komanso, mtengo ukuyamba mochedwa kubereka zipatso, ngakhale patapita nthawi ndikupanga mbewu zambiri.
Yamatcheri a mandimu: Zofunikira kuti mubzala bwino ndikusankha malo abwino
Tsabola yamtengo wapatali ndi mtengo wokongola kwambiri m'lingaliro lofunikira kwambiri Sankhani malo osungirako malo. Popanda kutero, inu mumakhala ndi chiopsezo mmalo mwa lalikulu ndi lobala zipatso, kuti mupeze zipatso zazing'ono ndi zosabala zipatso za mtengo.
Kubzala yamatcheri - kasupe kapena autumn?
Mitengo ya mitengo yamaluwa nthawi zambiri imabzalidwa nthawi yamasika ndi yophukira. Komabe, ngati tikukamba za zotsekemera zotsekemera, ndibwino kuti mukhale masika. Chifukwa chake chimadalira kuti nthawi yophukira kubzala mwana ndi wopanda mphamvu mmera akhoza kuwombera. Mulimonsemo, mphukira zake zing'onozing'ono zidzasokonekera.
Ngakhale mutagula mtengo wa chitumbuwa chotsekemera, ndi bwino kukumba mumng'oma, ndikusiya masamba okha pamwamba. Komanso m'nyengo yozizira, yikani kwambiri ndi chipale chofewa (ngati palibe chipale chofewa, ndipo kutentha kumatsika mofulumira - kuphimba ndi udzu, peat kapena chophimba chakale). Choncho, sapling popanda vuto idzawongolera ndipo mudzatha kulima bwino pamapeto.
Kudzala kwa nyengo kumayambika kuyamba ndi kutentha kwa chisanu, pamene nthaka ili yoyenera kukonza. Nthawiyi ndi yothandiza kwambiri kukula kwa yamatcheri okoma. Pambuyo pake mutabzala mtengo sungathe kukula bwino, chifukwa mwamsanga mutabzala kutentha kudzayamba kukula.
Palibe chifukwa chokhalitsa mitengo ija yomwe masamba adatuluka kale.
Kusankha malo ndi dothi la yamatcheri okoma
Ndikofunika kuti mudziwe zimenezo Cherry yamakono sakonda mphepo yozizira ndi yamkuntho. Choncho, pofika pamtunda muyenera kusankha malo omwe sangathe kuwombedwa ndi mphepo. Pa nthawi yomweyi, malo otsetsereka ayenera kukhala kumwera kwa nyumbayi komanso osaphimbidwa ndi mitengo ina, popeza chitumbuwacho chikufuna dzuwa.
Pa nkhani za nthaka yabwino, chitumbuwa chimakhala ndi zokonda. Choyamba, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mtengowu umatsutsana kwambiri chifukwa cha mvula yambiri komanso yowuma, komanso kuuma kwa nthaka. Choncho, dothi ndi nthaka ya mphanga sizothandiza. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndi malo amodzi.
Ndiponso nthaka iyenera kusamalidwa bwino - kukumba ndi madzi. Koma ndi bwino kuganizira kuti madzi apansi ayenera kukhala akuya pafupifupi 1.5 mamita. Apo ayi, mizu idzasambitsidwa nthawi zonse ndipo ikhoza kuvunda. Ngati palibe malo abwino, pangani dongosolo la madzi pa tsamba lomwe lidzasunga mlingo woyenera wa madzi.
Kubzala chitumbuwa chokoma "Priusadebnaya Yellow"
Kwa kubzala, mungasankhe zonse zaka ndi mbeu zabwino, zomwe ziyenera kukhala pa mizu yake - ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa bwino ndi kukhala ndi nthambi zambiri.
Samalani ngati mmerawo uphatikizidwa (malo ophatikizidwa adzaonekera bwino), kapena akukula kuchokera ku mwala. Sankhani njira yoyamba, chifukwa chachiwiri chimakhala chobiriwira chitumbuwa sichidzakula.
Mtunda pakati pa mbande m'munda uyenera kukhala mamita 3-3.5. Pakati pa mizera - 5. Dzenje kukumba kuzungulira 60-70 centimita. Mitengo yapamwamba yopanga nthaka imaphatikizidwa ndi organic ndi mineral feteleza (humus, superphosphate ndi saltpeter) ndi miyala mkati mwa dzenje. Iyenera kutsanulira dera lina la nthaka yosakhala ndi feteleza ndipo mukhoza kudzala mtengo.
Pambuyo podzaza nthaka, nthaka imakhala yothira madzi ndi kuthirira. Nkofunika kuti khosi lazu la chitumbuwacho likhale pamwamba pa pafupifupi masentimita asanu.
Kusamalira yamatcheri achikasu
Kodi mungamwe madzi ndi manyowa bwanji?
Mitengo yamakiti imakakamiza kwambiri madzi ambiri, choncho kuthirira kumakhala nthawi zonse nthawi yonse yokula. Maulendo ovomerezeka - kamodzi pa mwezi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pamwezi wouma, maulendowa amawonjezeka kamodzi pa sabata.
Ali wamng'ono Mmera umamera mu May ndi July, koma ndi msinkhu, kuti asunge mphamvu za mtengo, chakudya chowonjezera chimachitika kumapeto kwa dzinja. Manyowa opangidwa ndi feteleza - slurry. M'chaka chiri chabwino kwambiri kudyetsa yamatcheri ndi carbamide, ndi yophukira - kubweretsa phulusa m'nthaka.
Kuteteza mitengo ya chitumbuwa ku chisanu, tizirombo ndi matenda
Iyi ndi ndondomeko yowononga nthawi, yomwe ili ndi zotsatira zabwino pa kukula kwa mtengo ndi zokolola. Pofuna kuteteza yamatcheri kuchokera kozizira m'nyengo yozizira, thunthu lake likulumikizidwa ndi chipale chofewa (koma ndikofunikira kuti nthaka ya pafupi-wellbore isakumbidwe).
Pofuna kuteteza mtengo ku makoswe, tebulo lake limamangiriridwa ndi nthambi za spruce, kapena atakulungidwa ndi denga. Mukadzala mmera mu dzenje, mtengo umakumbidwa mkati, umene m'nyengo yozizira imathandizira mtengo wa chitumbuwa, kuwuletsa kuti usagwe.
Mtengo umatetezedwa ku tizirombo tina ndi matenda ndi kupopera mankhwala mwapadera. Zosankha zimasankhidwa payekha, makamaka kwa mtundu wa matenda otheka ndi mitundu ya yamatcheri okoma.
Cherry nthambi ikudulira
Ndikofunika kutchera mphukira za mtengo wachinyamata kuti zipatso zazikulu zikhale pa iwo. Kuwonjezera apo, kudulira kumathandiza kupanga bwino korona, chifukwa umachotsa nthambi zotsutsana ndi zomwe zimakula mpaka mkati mwa korona.
Mu mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa chitumbuwa ndikofunikira Chotsani nthambi zonse zowuma ndi zowonongekandipo, ngati kuli kotheka, ngakhale nthambi. Izi zidzathandiza kuti fruiting muzaka zapamwamba za mtengo.
