Mwa mitundu yambiri ya chitumbuwa chokoma "Buluu la Bryansk" limakhala malo apadera.
Zosiyanasiyanazi zinawoneka osati kale kwambiri mu Register Register ya Russia, koma chifukwa cha kukoma kwa zipatso ndi mawonekedwe awo, amapezeka pa malo ambiri a amateur wamaluwa masiku ano.
Tidzakudziwitsani zambiri za momwe zimakhalira komanso m'mene mungamere ndi kusamalira mtengo.
Kufotokozera kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitumbuwa cha Bryansk Pink - zosiyana
Zomerazi zinapezedwa chifukwa cha kuyesa kwa asayansi a Lyupin Research Institute, pakati pawo ndi otchuka otchuka monga A.I. Astakhov ndi M.V. Kanshin. Kwa kubzala mitundu "Bryansk Pink" amagwiritsidwa ntchito mbande za chitumbuwa "Muscat Black", wotchedwa ndi dzina lina - "Negritenok". Kuyambira mu 1993, mitundu yambiri ya Bryansk Pink yalandira malo ake makamaka ku Central Region.
Makhalidwe a mtundu wa Bryansk Pink lokoma yamatcheri
Zipatso za zosiyanasiyana mu mawonekedwe okhwima amafika kukula kwapakati. Kulemera kwake kumakhala pakati pa 4 mpaka 5.5 magalamu. Kutalika kwa zipatso kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita awiri, m'lifupi - 2.1. Maonekedwewo ndi okoma ndi nsonga yofanana, yomwe imaoneka yokongola kwambiri. Iwo amadziwika ndi phula lamasinkhulidwe kakang'ono, tsinde lomwe liri laling'ono m'litali ndi makulidwe. Mtundu wapatali wa khungu la chipatso ndi pinki, pali mtundu wina wokhala ndi mawanga omwe ali pamwamba pa mabulosi onse.
Thupi ndi la chikasu. Mapangidwe a zamkati ndi owopsa komanso owometsera kwambiri, omwe amadziwika ndi kusokoneza. Madzi a chipatso ndi opanda mtundu ndipo amaonekera bwino. Kukoma kwake ndi okoma kwambiri. Ophunzira amatsata ndemanga 4.1. 100 magalamu a zipatso ali ndi 14.2 mg ya vitamini C, omwe amawapangitsa kukhala ofunika kwambiri.
Ndipo chiwerengero cha zidulo shuga mu biochemical zikuchokera yamatcheri amasonyezedwa monga 1:20. Mwa njira, malingana ndi cholinga chawo, zipatsozo ndizopadziko lonse, siziyenera kungogwiritsidwa ntchito polemba mwatsopano, komanso kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chisungidwe.
Fupa pafupi ndi zipatso Zosiyanasiyana "Buluu la Bryansk" lili ndi mawonekedwe ovoid, okhala ndi pamwamba komanso m'munsi. Amatha pafupifupi 0,7 gm, omwe ndi ofanana ndi 7.3% a misala yonse ya zipatso. Kusiyanitsa kuwala kofiirira ndi madigiri a digiri ya kupatukana kuchokera kumkati.
Kufotokozera za makhalidwe apadera a mtengo
Mtengo wa zosiyanasiyana umakula pang'onopang'ono, koma chaka chachisanu chimalowa mu fruiting yoyamba. Mu fruiting zaka, ali ndi kukula kwapakati. Sweet Crown Ili ndi mawonekedwe a pyramidal, ali ndi nthambi zazikulu kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, nthambizo zimakulira pamtunda wopita ku thunthu, kutulutsa digiri ya korona yowonjezera. Zili ndi zokolola zambiri, zomwe zimakhala maluwa a maluwa.
Mtengo wamtengo mitundu "Bryansk Pink" pafupifupi, chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwa mtengo ndi zipatso. Zipatso zoyamba kucha pa hekita ndi anthu 55, koma chiwerengero chapamwamba cha zaka zabwino ndi anthu 100. Pakati pa maluwa, mtengo umalowa mochedwa, zomwe zimayambitsanso kucha zipatso. Mtengo sungathe kudziwonetsa yekha.
Zosiyana za mphukira
Achinyamata chitumbuwa cha chitumbuwa "Buluu la Bryansk", lomwe limakula molimba kwambiri mu nyengo yachonde, ndilobwino komanso losalala. Mphukira yamitundu imakhala yofiirira. Mphukira, yomwe imapangidwa pa mphukira, ili ya kukula kwapakati ndi ovoid mu nyengo yosakaniza, ndi oval mu nthawi yobereka. Petiole ali ndi usinkhu wautali, wokhuthala., Wophimbidwa ndi mazira. Masamba ndi aakulu komanso obiriwira.
Inflorescencesanapanga pa maluwa nthambi, kuphatikiza makamaka atatu maluwa. Maluwawo ndi ofooka kwambiri, ali ndi msuzi woboola pakati. Mitengo yamaluwa samakhudza, imasiyana ndi mtundu wa chipale chofewa. Kakhasi wamaluwa a mtundu uwu wamatcheri oyandikana mumapangidwe. Mbali yapadera ya maluwa ndi pistils ndi nthawi yayitali.
Makhalidwe abwino a zosiyanasiyana
Olima munda amaitcha ulemu waukulu wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mtengo womwe umakhala woletsedwa, umene m'zaka zoyambirira za fruiting umapereka zoposa mphamvu zake osati kukula kwa nthambi ndi mphukira, koma ku fruiting. Komanso, mtengo ndi maluwa ake ali ndi ubwino wokana kutentha kwa nyengo ndi chisanu. Phindu lina la mtengo wa chitumbuwa cha Bryansk ndi chitetezo cha thunthu ndi nthambi za chigoba zotsutsana ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa, komanso chisanu.
Ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira kwambiri, chisanu cha mtengo ndi ziwalo zake zobereka sizinapange 14%.
Mitengo ya zipatso imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Pali kutsutsana kwakukulu kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti kugonjetsedwa kwa coccomycosis, moniliosis. Kwambiri kawirikawiri, zimakhudzidwa ndi ambiri matenda a yamatcheri, nodosa. Ndiponso, sizimasokoneza pamene mvula yamphamvu ndi chinyezi. Pali zotengeka kwambiri zamatcheri.
Kuipa kwa chitumbuwa chokoma "Bryansk Pink"
Chokhacho chosavuta cha zosiyanasiyana ndi kusakhoza kudzipangira mungu. Choncho, pamodzi ndi mitundu yambiri yamatcheri okoma m'mbuyo mwanu muyenera kudzala mitundu yambiri ya mitengo yamaluwa. Mitengo yabwino yopanga mungu wochokera ku Pink Rosansk idzakhala mitundu yotsekemera monga Iput, Ovstyuzhenka, Tyutchevka ndi Revna. Ndiponso, pistils ya zosiyanasiyanazi ingakhudzidwe kwambiri ngati nthawi ya maluwa kutentha kumapita pansi pa 3 ° С.
Timabzala koti cherry ya Bryansk pa chiwembu
Kuti mtengo wamtengo wapatali ubweretse mbewu zambiri, nkofunika kuti musankhe mitundu yabwino, komanso kuti mubzala bwino. Ndipotu, kubzala sikumangotanthauza kukwirira mtengowo pansi, komanso kusankha sapling yabwino, kukonza dzenje, kusankha nthaka, malo enieni obzala ndi nthawi ya chaka. Choncho, ngati mwasankha kubzala wanu chiwembu cherry "Bryansk Pink", choyamba muyenera kuwerenga mosamala malangizo awa.
Nyengo yamabzala okondedwa
Kawirikawiri, mitengo yamaluwa imasindikizidwa ku malo osatha. masika kapena autumn. Komabe, mtundu uliwonse uyenera kukhala ndi njira yaumwini yomwe ingaganizire kuchuluka kwa momwe amatha kukhalira mizu ndikupirira chisanu.
Zikatere amalimbikitsidwa kubzala kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, atatha kusungunuka kwa chisanu. Nthaka ikachoka kuchoka ku chisanu, ndipo mukhoza kuyamba kukumba - mwamsanga kukumba dzenje pansi pa chitumbuwa mmera. Ngati mutabzala mtengo kumayambiriro a masika, udzatha kuzika mizu kwambiri komanso nthawi yoyamba ya autumn frosts idzakhala kale mtengo wamphamvu wokhala ndi mizu yabwino.
Koma ngakhale m'chaka, kubzala sikuyenera kuchedweka, popeza kuti kale kale kakuphuka pamalo oyamba, mtengowu umayamba kuphuka mwatsopano, ukhoza kusokonezeka ndi matenda osiyanasiyana komanso kusonyeza kukula mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo.
Ngakhale n'zotheka kudzala yamatcheri mu kugwa, wamaluwa akufulumira kuthetsa sitepe imeneyo. Amatsutsana ndi malingaliro awo akuti sapling wa chitumbuwa chokoma amakhala ndi zolemera zambiri, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kutentha. Choncho, ngati sapling ikhoza kupulumuka m'nyengo yozizira, ndiye kumapeto kwake adzakhala ndi thunthu labwino. Ngati mutagula kalembedwe kabwino ka Bryansk Pink, ndi bwino kukumba mumtunda pang'ono mpaka masika ndikuphimba ndi chisanu.
Kumene angabzala chitumbuwa chokoma?
Koposa zonse, chitumbuwa chokoma chimayamba mizu m'malo kuwala kwa dzuwa komanso mphepo yozizira ya kumpoto. Pachiyambi choyamba, zipatso ndi mtengo zidzakula bwino, ndipo mchiwiri, mphepo ikhoza kukusiyani popanda mbewu iliyonse, ngati maluwa onse atsekedwa. Choncho, sankhani ziwembu kumtunda kapena kum'mwera chakumadzulo ndipo mutenge mtengo kuchokera kumbali ya dzuwa.
Komanso, sapling yathu sayenera kuika mitengo ina m'munda. Ngakhale mutayika munda wa chitumbuwa, mtunda wa pakati pa mitengo ya mzere umodzi ukhale wosachepera mamita atatu. Ndipo mtunda wa pakati pa mizere - 5. Komanso, chifukwa chodzala yamatcheri mumatenga malo okwera, kapena kuwaza ang'onoang'ono mapangidwe.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za m'dzinja chisamaliro cha chitumbuwa
Dothi lodzala
Zakudya zamatcheri zokoma zimafuna nthaka yachonde yomwe imatha kuyenda bwinobwino ndikusunga madzi. Choncho, nthaka ndi dothi la mchenga zimachotsedwa. Koma dothi loamy lomwe ladzaza ndi oxygen lidzagwira bwino kwambiri. Kuti mtengo ukhale ndi mpweya ndi madzi okwanira, nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa nthawi zonse ndi kuthirira madzi.
Kuwonjezera apo, mlingo wa madzi apansi ayenera kukhala ozama mamita 1.5 (ngati simukufuna kukumba ngalande). Ngati palibe njira ina, monga dongo ndi dothi lachinyontho, zizolowezi zina zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mukhoza kungowonjezera mchenga ku njira yoyamba, komanso mosiyana - dongo. Ndipo ndithudi, apange zambiri organic ndi mchere feteleza. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kukonzekera kwa nthakayi kuyenera kuyamba zaka 1-2 asanadzalemo mmera.
Kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani za sapling?
- Tikulimbikitsidwa kugula sapling mu kugwa, chifukwa panthaŵiyi pakhala chiwerengero chachikulu cha mitundu yonse ndi mbande zomwe zimaperekedwa pamsika. Izi zidzakuthandizani kusankha mtengo wabwino kwambiri komanso wobala zipatso.
- Fufuzani mosamala mtengo - uyenera kuwoneka pamalo opatsirana. Ngati palibe, ndiye mtengo unakula kuchokera ku mwala, choncho pali ngozi yaikulu yogwera pa mtengo wosasinthasintha.
- N'zotheka kubzala chitumbuwa chokoma ngati mwana wa chaka chimodzi (kutalika kwa sapling wa masentimita 75), komanso pa usinkhu wa zaka ziwiri (kutalika kwa mita imodzi). Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndi kukula kwa mizu yake, yomwe iyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zambiri, zikhale zolimba komanso zosapweteka.
- Mukatumiza, mmera umalimbikitsidwa kuti ukhale wansalu yonyowa, womwe umayenera kukulunga mu mpando wa mafuta.
- Ndipo komabe, mu kugwa, ndibwino kuti musabzale sapling - tsatirani malangizo omwe ndi bwino kukumba sapling m'nyengo yozizira.
Kudyetsa mwachindunji kwa mtundu wa pink wa Bryansk zosiyanasiyana mtengo wamtengo wa chitumbuwa
Zinthu zoyamba poyamba Muyenera kukonzekera nthaka ndikumba dzenje. Ndi bwino kukumba chiwembu chonse ndikuwonjezera makilogalamu 10 a feteleza (organic 1 m2). Komanso, superphosphates ndi nitrate zimalowa m'nthaka, zomwe zimawerengedwa kumalo omwewo - osati magalamu 200. Dothi lamchere limatenthedwa ndi laimu, kupereka peresenti ya magalamu 450 a chinthu ichi pa mita imodzi.
Ndiye kukumba dzenjeamene kuya kwake kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 60. Chigawocho chiyenera kukhala choyenera. Choyamba ife timakumba mtengo pansi pa dzenje, zomwe zidzatumikira ngati chithandizo cha yamatcheri okoma. Pafupi ndi pansi pa dzenje muyenera kudzaza chisakanizo cha dothi ndi feteleza. Kusakaniza kumeneku kumadzazidwa ndi mawonekedwe a slide ndi pang'ono ophatikizidwa. Udzu wamba wosakhala ndi feteleza uyenera kutsanuliridwa pa iwo.
Kenako, pitirizani kuyambiranso kuyang'ana mbande. Ngati mizu youma yakhalapo - ikani kuchepetsa kwa maola 6-10 madzi ndipo mutangomaliza kubzala. Kenaka, tengani sapling ndi kuiponya m'dzenje. Onetsetsani kuti khosi la mtengo liyenera kukhala lalikulu mamita masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka.
Pang'onopang'ono kugona mizu ya nthaka. Kuphimba izo hafu, muyenera kumangiriza pansi ndikutsanulira chidebe cha madzi mumatope. Kenaka, timadzaza dzenje mpaka kumapeto, kulipanga ndi kupanga kachidutswa kakang'ono kamene kamathandiza kuti madzi asafalikire. Ndipo mwachibadwa, timamwa madzi osakaniza, pogwiritsa ntchito ndowa 1-2.
Mutabzala ndi kuthirira Nthaka kuzungulira thunthu la mmera iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pakuti izi ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito peat kapena humus. Izi zimachitidwa pofuna kusunga chinyezi nthawi yaitali ndikudyetsa mizu ya mtengowo.
Kusamalira chitumbuwa cha chitumbuwa
Kusamba malamulo
Cherries amakonda chinyezi, kotero kutsirira kumafunika nthawi zonse, ndipo nthaka nthawi zonse imakhala hydrated (koma nkofunika kuti musapitirire). Choncho kuthirira kumalimbikitsidwa kamodzi pamwezi m'nyengo yonse yokula. Mtengo umodzi uyenera kukhala ndi zitsulo zosachepera 2-3 ali wamng'ono, ndipo 5-6 - muzipatsa zipatso.
Kuthira madzi nthawi zonse kumakhala nthawi yamvula. Kenaka mukhoza kumwa madzi okwanira 1 pa sabata.
Kodi kudyetsa yamatcheri?
Mitengo ya feteleza nthawi zambiri imakhala yosafunika, komabe 2-3 pachaka chitani bwino. Mwamsanga mutabzala, sapling idzadyetsa feteleza kuikidwa mu dzenje. Choncho, zaka zitatu zoyambirira sizodalirika pa kuvala pamwamba. M'chaka chachiwiri cha kukula kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni feteleza (urea) m'nthaka, pamtunda wa magalamu 120 pambali yozungulira. Ndi bwino kuponyera urea kuya masentimita 10, ndikuyamitsa nthaka.
Pa chaka chachinayi, mtengowu uyenera kuberekedwa mumtundu wapadera wa annular grooves, momwe madzi amadzikongoletsera. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, pafupifupi magalamu 200 a urea amayambitsidwa mumjirayi, ndipo mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, 350 magalamu a granulated superphosphate akuwonjezeredwa.
Kupaka pamwamba kumapangidwa bwino ndi kuthirira nthawi.
Kukonzekera mtengo m'nyengo yozizira
Nyengo yozizira isanayambe, sikofunika kokha kumasula nthaka, komanso kuthirira madzi. Ndiponsotu, pamene chinyezi chitha "kuzizira" kuchokera kumalo okwezeka a mtengo, ndi mizu chifukwa cha chinyezi chomwe chingayambitse chidzatha kuthandiza moyo wa yamatcheri.
Ndi kugwa kwa chipale chofewa, ndi kofunika kuti mudzazidzaze ndi bwalo lonse la yamatcheri okoma, kuti ateteze dothi lakuzizira kwambiri. Ndibwino kuti muteteze mtengo wa mtengo ku makoswe osiyanasiyana powutulutsa ndi spruce kapena padenga.
Momwe mungatetezere yamatcheri kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda
Kuti mtengo usawonongeke ndipo usakhudzidwe ndi tizirombo, uyenera kukhala wokhazikika spray ndi njira zothetsera. M'dziko lathu, mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri omwe sali owononga zipatso za m'tsogolo. Zina mwa izo ndi zamkuwa ndi zitsulo zamagetsi, dizilo, mankhwala "30" ndi urea, monga gwero la nayitrogeni.
N'zotheka kuthana ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa matenda a fungus podula nthambi za matenda ndikuwotcha. Kuonjezera apo, pa matendawa, nkofunikanso kuwotcha masamba onse omwe agwa kuchokera ku mtengo wa chitumbuwa.
Kutchera nkhuni
M'zaka zoyambirira za kukula, mphukira zimadulidwa kuti zithandize mapangidwe a zipatso. M'kupita kwina, muyenera kuchotsa nthambi zowuma komanso zowonongeka, zomwe zimafooketsa mtengowo ndipo sizimabereka zipatso. Kuti zikhale zosavuta komanso zogwirizana ndi mapangidwe a korona yamtengo wapatali, ndi bwino kuchotsa nthambi zomwe zimakula mkati mwake. Komanso, mphukira imatha kukula kuchokera ku mizu yozungulira thunthu - iyenso iyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi zonse.
