Kuwonongeka kwa dzimbiri ndizodziwika kwa onse wamaluwa omwe minda yawo imakhala yamtundu uliwonse. Matendawa amangowononga maonekedwe a mtengo, komanso amawononga mbewu. Lero tikambirana momwe tingasiyanitsire dzimbiri pa peyala ya matenda ena, ndiwowopsya bwanji, ndi momwe angachire.
Kutupa
Izi ziyenera kunenedwa kuti mjunipayi ndi chomera cha "mayi" chimene bowa chimapanga ndikupanga spores. Spores amafalikira patali kwambiri, kulandira mapeyala (pakatikati chomera). Wokwera mumsewu akhoza kukula mu 40-50 km kuchokera kumunda wanu, ndipo mikangano idzagwabe pa peyala.
Ndikofunikira! Kuwonjezera pa kugulira, mphukira ndi zipatso zingakhudzidwe ndi dzimbiri, koma izi zimachitika kokha ngati mliri wa matenda.Tsopano chifukwa cha matenda omwewo. Masamba a mtengo wokhudzidwawo akuphimbidwa Mawanga ofiira ndi chikasu chachikasu. Zimapezeka mwamsanga mutatha maluwa, kumapeto kwa April. Pakapita nthawi, mawanga a lalanje pamasamba a peyala amayamba kutukuka ndi kuphulika, kutembenukira ku mtundu wa kukula kapena kutupa. Pambuyo pake, mbale zowonongeka zimagwa.
Kodi ndi matenda owopsa bwanji?
Matenda osiyana a peyala, njira imodzi, imakhudza zokolola ndi chitetezo cha mtengo, koma mabala achilanje "opanda vuto" sangachoke pamtengo popanda masamba ambiri asanawononge tsamba, komanso amachititsa imfa.
Pa matenda owopsa a peyala, mabakiteriya akutentha amadziwikiranso, a tizirombo, ndulu mite.
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mfundo yakuti zobiriwira za zomera zimayambitsa zojambula zamasamba, motero, popanda masamba mtengo sungalandire mphamvu ya kuwala ndikusandutsa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala. Mwachidule, mtengo sudzatha kutembenuza zinthu zochokera m'nthaka kupita ku zomwe zidzatengeke.
Choncho, kuchuluka kwa nkhokwe pamaso yozizira ndi kwambiri kuchepetsedwa, zomwe zimakhudza onse yolimba hardiness ndi zokolola zam'tsogolo.
Komabe, zotsatira zoterezi sizingatchedwe kuti ndizoipitsitsa, popeza kuti kuthetsa kugonjetsedwa kwathunthu kwa mlengalenga ndi bowa, mtengowo udzafa, osakhala ndi moyo ndi zaka zitatu.
Ndikofunikira! Mphukira zokhudzidwa zimadetsedwa, kuzikhuta ndi kufa. Ntchentche pamthambi zimatha kuphulika ndi chofooka chofooka.Choncho, ngati mawanga achikasu amaonekera pa masamba a peyala ya mnzako, zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kuyamba mwamsanga mankhwala kapena kupewa matenda.
Mmene mungagwirire ndi peyala kutupa
Mukapeza dzimbiri pa masamba a peyala, ndipo simukudziwa choti muchite pa nkhaniyi, ndiye tikambirana zomwe mungachite pofuna kuchiza ndi kupewa matenda oopsa a fungus.
Kupanga makina
Kudulira masamba ndi masamba akukhudzidwa kuli kofunikira pa magawo onse a kukula kwa bowa, popeza malo aliwonse omwe ali ndi kachilomboka adzakhala magwero atsopano pa nthawi.
Mukudziwa? Kukula kwa bowa kumapezeka kutentha kwakukulu kuyambira 3 mpaka 30 ° C komanso chinyezi cha 85%.
Kufufuza ndi kudulira kumayamba kugwira ntchito isanayambe impso. Musamangokhalira kuchotsa mphukira yachiwiri, monga bowa limakula mofulumira. Choncho, zigoba nthambi amakhalanso kudulira. Ndikofunika kuchotsa 7-12 masentimita pansi pa nkhuni zomwe zimakhudzidwa kuti muteteze minofu yathanzi.
Musaiwale kukonza kudula ndi phula, dongo, mkuwa sulphate kapena heteroauxin.
Ndikofunikira! Zigawo zonsezi zimatenthedwa kunja kwa malowa, ndipo nthaka yozungulira mtengo ukumba mafosholo pa bayonet.
Kuchiza ndi mankhwala
Nyerere ya peyala iyenera kuchitidwa ndi mankhwala, popanda zomwe sizingatheke kuwononga fungasi.
Kupopera mbewu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. zamkuwa zochokera ku fungicides. Bordeaux madzi 1% ndi otchuka, koma mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ena ofanana (Kuproksat, Kuproksil, Ngwazi).
Njira ina ndi sulfure 77% kapena zifaniziro zake ("Kumulus DF", "Tiovit Jet"). Mankhwala otchedwa fungicides, monga Readzol, Bayleton ndi Topsin, ndi abwino.
Werengani komanso za matenda a apulo, pichesi, apurikoti, maula, mphesa, yamatcheri, yamatcheri, raspberries, gooseberries, currants.
Kupopera mbewu koyamba kumaperekedwa kumayambiriro kwa masika. Kuti azipita nazo ku kutupa kwa impso. Kenaka, gwirani yachiwiri - musanayambe maluwa. Chithandizo chachitatu chimachitika patatha masabata asanu pambuyo pachiwiri. Kupopera mbewu kotsiriza kumatheka panthawi yomwe zipatso zazing'ono zimayamba kupanga. Izi ziyenera kunenedwa kuti mankhwala alionse ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zokwanira 4 kuti akwaniritse zovuta zonse pamtengo.
Mankhwala a anthu
Mankhwala a anthu Musachite bwino ndi matendawaKomabe, amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogonjetsedwa ndi zomera kapena kufooka kwa mphukira. Ngati vutoli limakhala parasitizes pa mtengo wambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakanikirana osatheka.
Mukudziwa? Pali mitundu yambiri ya mapeyala omwe amakana ndi dzimbiri: "Shuga", "Gulabi", "Sailo", "Nanaziri". Palinso mitundu yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa ndi dzimbiri: "Dikanka yozizira", "Kure", "Chokondera cha Klapp", "Bere Ardanpon".
Kulowetsedwa pa nkhuni phulusa. Pa 10 l madzi timatenga 0,5 makilogalamu a phulusa ndikuumiriza maola 48. Zitatha izi, timayambitsa madzi okwanira. Timathera malita 10 mitengo yokhwima, osapitirira 6 kwa achinyamata.
Kupopera mankhwala ndi urea yankho. Pa 10 malita a madzi, timatenga 0,7 malita a urea, sakanizani bwino ndikuponya mbali yonse ya pamwamba. Mankhwalawa amachitika m'dzinja, pambuyo pa masambawo. Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ngati sizingatheke kugwiritsira ntchito mtengo wonse, kusakaniza pang'ono sikungapangitse zotsatira.
Amagwiritsanso ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pa marigolds ndi horsetail, zomwe zimapangidwira pamwamba.
Ndikofunikira! Peyala yotetezedwa ndi bowa sichitha kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza.Panthawi imeneyi timatsiriza kulandira peyala ndi dzimbiri. Polemba ndondomeko zonse zotsutsana ndi bowa, zikudziwikiratu kuti zomwe mwasankha zingathe kuphatikizidwa kuti zitheke bwino. Musanyalanyaze matendawa, chifukwa akhoza kufalikira ku mtengo wa apulo kapena quince, pambuyo pake mudzaphonya mitengo yambiri.
