Kwa zaka makumi angapo, anthu omwe akhala pansi pafupi ndi moto wamakono akuimba nyimbo yotchuka ya Bulat Okudzhava: "Ndikaika m'munda wamphesa mbewu yamphesa, ndipo ndidzapsompsona mpesa ndikudula mphesa zakupsa ...".
Zingakhale zokondweretsa kwambiri kudziwa za zotsatirazi: kodi n'zotheka kukula msinkhu wa mphesa kuchokera kumbewu ya mphesa?
Amaluwa ambiri, osadziwa njira iyi, amangotaya mbewu izi.
Njira zonse zogwiritsira ntchito nthawi yokolola zipatso, tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Sikuti mbewu zonse za mphesa zili zoyenera kulima: timasankha ndikukonzekera mbeu za kubzala.
Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino m'tsogolomu, choyamba muyenera kupeza mafupa abwino kuti mubzalidwe. Choyamba, ndi bwino kusankha mbeu kuchokera ku mphesa zatsopano, zidzakhala zotsutsana kwambiri ndi matenda a fungalesi ndi nyengo yoipa. Chinthu chachiwiri chimene mungachite ndichotsuka mafupa mumadzi.
Pambuyo kutsuka, amaikidwa mumatumba ang'onoang'ono a nylon, omwe amapotozedwa mu polyethylene ndipo amaikidwa mufiriji, kapena pamalo ena otentha mpaka ming'alu ikawoneka pamapfupa, nthawiyi imatenga pafupifupi miyezi 1 mpaka 2. Pambuyo pa kuoneka kwa ming'alu iyi, mbewu zimachotsedwa ndikuyikidwa pamalo otentha masiku awiri. Chabwino, ndiye kupyola mu kayendetsedwe ka kukwera, komwe ife tidzakulongosola kenako.
Kodi ndi njira iti yobzala mphesa mwanjira iyi, komanso kuyankhula za magawo a kukonzekera mphesa
Kwa kubzala mwanjira iyi ya kukula mphesa zoyenera nthaka yachonde yomwe ili ndi zigawo zotsatirazi: gawo limodzi la mchenga ndi magawo awiri atsopano a humus. Kudzaza miphika ndi kusakaniza, timabzala mafupa okonzeka mozama pafupifupi 1 kapena 1.5 masentimita Kenako timayenera kuziyika pazenera, kapena pamalo kuti zomera zokwanira zikhale ndi kutentha komanso kuwala.
Maonekedwewo, mphesa ndi ofanana ndi kukwera tsabola, yomwe imayamba kuonekera patapita masabata awiri kapena theka. Kupitiriza kukula ndi chitukuko cha mbewu zimayenera kusamalidwa nthawi zonse.
Ndi magawo ati a chibwenzi cha kukula kwa mphesa?
• Poyamba, nkofunika kuthirira madzi nthawi zonse, ndi kuonetsetsa kuti dothi silinyowa kwambiri kapena louma. Izi ndi zoipa kwambiri kuti apite patsogolo.
• Chachiwiri, nthaka imamasula. Izi ziyenera kuchitika kokha pamwamba pa nthaka, kuti asawononge zomera.
• Chachitatu, chomera chamoyo chilichonse chimafuna kudyetsa ndi feteleza zowonjezereka kuti zithe kukolola bwino.
• Chachinayi, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti zisawononge matenda a fungal. Ndipo ngati mupeza aliyense, ndiye kuti mumenyane nawo.
• Chachisanu, kangaude wa kangaude ndi tizilombo towononga kwambiri. Imawononga maselo a masamba, kusokoneza photosynthesis, yomwe imakhudza kwambiri chitukuko cha chomera china.
• Chachisanu ndi chimodzi, mutabzala pamalo otseguka, musanafike nyengo yozizira, nkofunika kutentha ndi kuphimba mphesa.
• Chachisanu ndi chiwiri, nkofunikanso kudziwa kuti kudulira kuyenera kuchitika kokha pambuyo poti zipatso zoyamba zikuwonekera.
Kumapeto kwa nyengo yamasika, m'pofunika kuti muzitha kuyambitsa chikhalidwe chokula ndikukhala miphika yayikulu, kenaka muyiike m'chipinda cham'mwamba kapena pa khonde. M'chilimwe, mipesa yamphesa ikhoza kufika mamita awiri mamita. Poyambira m'dzinja, mphesa zabzalidwa potseguka pansi. Ndipotu, wamaluwa odziwa bwino amatha kubzala mphesa pamalo otseguka komanso kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, koma musanayambe kuzimitsa chomeracho.
Zomwe zikuphatikizidwa mu kuyendetsa njira
• Masiku 4-5 oyambirira zomera zimaphimba denga, pambuyo pake mukhoza kuzichotsa. Koma kuti tisasunge mphesa mwachindunji, ndikofunika kuti pakhale mthunzi.
• Ngati chikhalidwe chikukula pamalo osayenerera, ndiye kuti njira yoyamba iyenera kupitilira masiku angapo.
Ndizosangalatsanso kuwerenga za kubereka kwa mphesa zabwino.
Ndi maiko ati omwe ali oyenerera kukula mphesa kuchokera ku mwala: momwe mungapititsire mchenga wa dothi
Padziko lathuli pali mitundu yambiri ya nthaka, ndipo aliyense wa iwo ali ndi msinkhu wosiyana. Chokomera kwambiri chodzala mphesa ndi nthaka yakuda, ndipo dothi lachinyontho silingakhale loyenera. Kuti tipeze chikhalidwe pa icho, maphunziro apadera ndi ofunikira pa zomwe tilembera pansipa.
Kukonzekera koyamba kwa nthaka kumayamba m'chilimwe. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuchotsa dera lanu kuchokera ku miyala, namsongole ndi zinyalala zina. Kenaka ife timapereka nthaka yakuya imamasulakoma tidzakambirana za izo mtsogolo. Ngati pali malo okwera pamtengowu, m'pofunika kuti muyambe kuikapo pamwamba pazomwe zilili: Timachotsa dziko lapansi kuchokera kumalo apamwamba a siteti ndikusinthira kumbali yakumunsi, ndiyeno ndikuyendetsa pambali pake.
Tikafika kumayambiriro kwa nyundo, tikupukuta kwambiri nthaka, 70-80 masentimita. Ngati muli ndi dothi, ndiye kuti liyenera kukhala lopangidwa ndi mlengalenga ndi madzi, kuti muchite izi, kuwonjezera pa miyala, mchenga kapena kompositi. Ndipo dothi lachinyontho limaundana m'nyengo yozizira komanso kutentha m'nyengo yozizira. Pofuna kuthetsa zovuta izi, m'pofunika kuwonjezera manyowa kapena kompositi pamene mutsegula, ndipo ngati n'zotheka, ndiye nthaka yakuda kapena dongo.
Njira yolima mphesa kuchokera kumapiri: ganizirani mbali zonse pogulira mbeu kuti mutenge zokolola zoyamba
Pokhapokha, mphesa zakula kuchokera ku mbewu zimakula mofulumira, koma sizipereka zipatso nthawi yomweyo, koma chaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu mutabzala. Chilichonse ndi kotheka kuti zipatso zoyamba sizomwe mukufuna kuwona, koma musakwiye. Mitengo yamphesa yamakono ndi yovuta kwambiri, yomwe ingapereke chinthu chosiyana pakukula kuchokera ku mwala. Kuphatikiza apo, palinso mavitamini ena omwe amachititsa kusintha kwake kukhala koyenera.
Njira yolima mphesa kuchokera ku maenje ndi awa
• Poyamba, sankhani mitundu ya mphesa ku dera lanu, mukhoza kufunsa ndi wamaluwa omwe ali ndi nzeru.
• Kenako timapeza mphesa zingapo zomwe mumasankha m'sitolo kapena pamsika.
• Pambuyo pa kugula, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mafupawo ali abwino, amtundu wabwino, olimbitsa thupi.
• Konzani njere za kumera, ndondomekoyi yafotokozedwa poyamba.
• Mbewu zina zimafuna chipinda chozizira ndi chonyowa kuti njira yozomera iyambe. Izi zimatenga miyezi 1 -2.
• Pambuyo pake, nyemba zowonongeka zimabzalidwa miphika pamtunda wa 3-4 masentimita.
• Pamene zomera zimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 10, ziwalowetseni ku miphika yabwino kwambiri.
• Pakati pa 30-35 masentimita m'litali, tenga mphesa pansi.
• Pamene masamba 5-7 amaonekera pa mbeu, akhoza kuikidwa pansi.
• Kuti mpesa ufike pamwamba, nkofunika kuyika nkhanu pafupi nayo ndi mzere wowedzeretsa nsomba.
• Ndipo potsiriza, patapita zaka 2-3, posamalira mphesa, adzakupatsani zokolola zabwino.
