Mphesa ndi chikhalidwe chakale kwambiri, chomwe chakhala chikukula mofulumira ndikukula kwa zaka zambiri.
Kupambana kwakukulu kunapangidwa ndi kusankha kosankha, zotsatira za mitundu yambirimbiri yosiyana.
Pachifukwa ichi, ngakhale wa vinyo wodziwa bwino vinyo amatha kutaya mutu wake akakumana ndi kuchuluka kwake.
Tidzayesera kuyesa momwe tingathere zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana zomwe dzina lake ndi "Timur".
Cholinga chathu sichidzangotanthauzira za mphesa ndi zipatso zake, komanso kuwonetseratu za njira yobzala ndi kusamalira chitsamba cha mphesa zokongola izi.
Kufotokozera za mitundu ya mphesa "Timur"
Zosiyanazi ndi zotsatira za kuyesayesa kwa asayansi a ku Russia, omwe anawombera iwo mwa kuswana. Mitundu yotereyi monga "Frumoasa Albe" ndi "Chisangalalo" inakhala mabala a mabala omwe analandiridwa.
Mphesa "Timur" inalandira kuchokera kwa iwo okha makhalidwe abwino, ndipo lero ndi okondedwa a alimi ambiri omwe akufuna kuyesa mphesa mphesa mu chiwembu chawo.
Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, kupirira ndi kukhazikika kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yaikulu m'madera ambiri a nyengo, makamaka ngati yakula kuphimba chikhalidwe.
Mwachibadwa, khalidwe lalikulu la mphesa si chitsamba china, koma ndi masango ake. M'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa, ali ndi kukula kwakukulu ndi kulemera m'dera la makilogalamu 0,4-0.6. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, komanso amawoneka bwino kwambiri.
Chidwi cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi zipatso zake zazikulu komanso zokongola kwambiri. Kukula kwakukulu kwa mabulosi amodzi ndi 2.9 x2.1 masentimita, pamene kulemera kwao kuli 6-8 magalamu. Maonekedwe a zipatso ndi a mitundu iwiri: ovini kapena ndowe yokhala ndi chidwi kwambiri.
Mtundu wa mtundu wa mphesa "Timur" umakhalanso ndi mitundu iwiri - yoyera, yokhala ndi mchere wokongola kapena tani wofiirira ku mbali ya dzuwa, ndi pinki. Komabe, yoyamba ndi yofala kwambiri, choncho tikukamba za izo (ndithudi, timakumbukiranso za pinki, koma pang'onopang'ono komanso osadziwika bwino).
Kula mphesa "Timur" zimayenera kusamala kwambiri. Chifukwa cha nyumba yake yaikulu, pamene idya, imayambitsa mavuto. Ndipo chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa shuga (kuyambira 17 mpaka 22% ndi acidity ya zipatso izi 6-9 g / l) ndi fungo lokoma la musk, kukoma kwa mphesa zafotokozedwa zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zosiyana.
Ndiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti khungu la chipatso ndi lochepa kwambiri, choncho, likadyedwa, limakhala losavuta komanso losamveka.
Choyamba, tiyenera kudziwa kuti zosiyanasiyanazi ndizofunikira kawirikawiri chitsamba kukula. Choncho, ikhoza kukula bwino ngati itabzalidwa pafupi ndi tchire.
Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, ambiri amabala mphesa "Timur" kupita ku tchire. Chifukwa cha izi, sikuti amangowonjezera kukula kwa chitsamba, koma amathandizanso kukula kwake.
Kusiyana kokha kuchokera ku kulima kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana pa mizu yake yokha kudzangokhala nyengo yobzala yomwe idzatuluka masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi limodzi (105-115) nyengo ya kukula kwa chitsamba cha mphesa. Koma mulimonsemo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana idzadziwonetsera mofulumira.
Kawirikawiri, zokolola mphesa "Timur" pamwamba.
Chofunika kwambiri pa izi chimasewera ndi kukula kwa mphukira, zomwe 75-95% zimabereka zipatso, ndipo chipatso chokwera kwambiri cha chitsamba, chomwe ndi 1.5-2 (ndiko kuti, kuyambira masamba 1 mpaka 3 akhoza kukula). Komanso, amawombera pa mitengo yosatha yomwe ili yoyenera kwa fruiting.
Ubwino waukulu wa zosiyanasiyanazi ndi zabwino rooting ake cuttings, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri kubzala mphesa. Ndiyeneranso kuzindikira kuti mphesa zosiyanasiyana za Timur zimakhala fruiting, kale zaka 2 kapena 3 mutabzala pamalo osatha.
Zochepa za zofunika kwambiri zoyenera mphesa "Timur"
- Mitengo ya mphesa imakhala ndi maluwa amodzi, omwe amathandiza kuti azikhala ndi zipatso zambiri komanso opanda zipatso.
- Zokolola zabwino ndi kuwonetsa bwino magulu a mphesa.
- Amatha kupeza masango akuluakulu ndi zipatso pamene akugwedeza chitsamba kufika pa 20-25 kapena pamene amamezanitsidwa ku chitsa cholimba.
- Kugwirizana bwino ndi masitomala a pafupifupi mitengo yonse ya mphesa yaitali.
- Mukamalima mphesa zosiyanasiyana pafupi ndi khoma kapena pafupi ndi tchire, zimatha kukwaniritsa chiwerengero cha 25%.
- Pali kuteteza kwakukulu kwa matenda osowa kwambiri a mpesa monga momwe mildew ndi imvi zimavunda.
- "Timur" amatanthauza mitundu yambiri ya mphesa, chifukwa ngakhale kuchepetsa thermometer ku -25ºС, nkhuni zake zowonongeka kokha nthawi zambiri.
Ndipotu, chokhacho chosavuta cha mitundu iyi ya mphesa ndi kukula kwake kwa chitsamba chake. Chifukwa chitsamba n'chochepa - ndipo chiwerengero cha mphukira chimakhala chochepa, ndipo ngakhale ndi mbewu zambiri, chitsamba sichitha kuchikweza pamwamba pamtunda popanda normalization.
Kuonjezera apo, izi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zovuta pa kukula, nthaka ndi mtundu wovala. Choncho, popanda chisamaliro choyenera, sichidzabala chipatso ndikukula bwino ngakhale ngati chomera chokongola, ndipo ngakhale chikhoza kutheka kwathunthu.
Chitsamba chimakhudza kwambiri kulima kwake pa dothi lolemera. Pachifukwa ichi, ngakhale kuli kotuta, khalidwe lawo limasiyanasiyana kwambiri. Makamaka, khungu la zipatso limakhala lochepetsetsa ndipo limakhala ndi tastu yachilendo komanso utomoni wobiriwira. Mwamwayi, nthawi yakubzala bwino mbeu ndi kupeza malonda, izi zimawoneka bwino.
Ndikondweretsanso kuwerenga za malamulo a chisamaliro cha mphesa.
Mphesa "Timur" pinki: kusiyana ndi kufanana ndi zoyera kwambiri
Wolemekezeka ndi mtundu uwu wa mphesa nthawi yoyamba mawu ndi zizindikiro za fruiting.
Amayamba kufalitsa, komanso woyera, ngakhale kuti zipatso zake zimabala pang'ono, pakati pa mwezi wa August. Ndiponsotu, nyengo yokula ya chitsamba imatenga pafupifupi 110 ndipo nthawizina ngakhale masiku 130. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, fruiting ya mphesa ya mphesa sali yochulukirapo kuposa yomwe inanenedwa pamwambapa, ngakhale kuti ili ndi zipatso zazikulu: masango amakhala olemera makilogalamu 0,8, ali ndi zipatso zazikulu za pinki. Mapangidwe a masangowa ndi osasamala.
Mosiyana ndi wachibale wake woyera, "Timur" ya pinki ali nayo kukoma kokoma zipatso Pachifukwa ichi, ndi zokhudzana ndi caloriki zimapamwamba kwambiri, pafupifupi makilogalamu 70 pa 100 magalamu a zipatso.
Komanso, mphesa za pinki nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi khungu lolimba. Koma khungu limadyedwanso ndipo palibe njira iliyonse yosonyezera kukoma. Mwa njira, kulawa mitundu iwiri ya mphesa "Timur" imasiyanasiyana kwambiri.
Chosavuta kwambiri cha zosiyanasiyanazi ndikuti chitsamba chake chimakhudzidwa ndi mphesa. Ndikovuta kwambiri kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, anthu ambiri amakonda kusankha Timor woyera kuti adye paokha.
Timagawana malamulo apadera odzala mphesa "Timur" ndikuyankha mafunso "momwe?", "Pamene?", "Kuti?" ndi "motani?"
Chikhumbo chofuna kukhala pa tsamba lanu nthawi zonse ndi chaching'ono. Pambuyo pa zonse, nkofunikira osati kungolima, komanso kuti uchite bwino. Choyamba, muyenera kusankha momwe mungabzalitsire chitsamba cha mphesa, chifukwa pali njira zingapo:
- Kubalanso mphesa mothandizidwa ndi mbande zokhazikitsidwa.
- Kujambula mphesa za mphesa m'matumba a mitundu ina.
- Kufesa mbewu za mphesa.
- Kukula njira yatsopano yopuma.
Koma, chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa, ndibwino kusankha njira iyi yowumizira ku zitsamba zolimba, zomwe zili ndi mtengo waukulu wa nkhuni zosatha. Chifukwa cha izi, n'zotheka kukula chitsamba chabwino chokhala ndi mphamvu yabwino yokula. Komanso, panopa, mutha kukwaniritsa mphesa zochepa zomwe zimakhala ndi "Timur" zosiyanasiyana.
Zopanda phindu zingathe kubzala ndi sapling, pamzu wawo. Komabe, pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa mbeu ndizomwe zimakhala zochepa.
Palibe kusiyana kwakukulu ngati mudzabzala mphesa m'dzinja kapena osati masika. Nthawi iliyonse ili ndi zovuta zake komanso ubwino wake.
Ndikofunikira kuganizira kuti mbewu zobiriwira zokha ndi zobiriwira zimayenera kubzalidwa m'chaka, popeza kugwa zikhoza kuonongeka ndi chisanu. Komabe, mu kugwa pali kusankha kwakukulu kwambiri kwa mbande zokha, ndipo kubzala iwo panthawiyi kumachitidwa bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nthaka ndi chinyezi.
Ngati mutenga mphesa mumasika, ndiye kuti mungathe kutero kuyambira tsiku loyamba lachimwemwe cha March. Pa nthawiyi, mutha kubzala mbande yopulumutsidwa ku autumn kapena kupanga katemera pa masamba akale.
Mu kasupe kam'tsogolo, mbande zomwe zinakula mu nyengo yachisanu kuchokera ku mphesa za mphesa zimabzalidwa mpaka kumayambiriro kwa July. Iwo ali ndi mphukira zobiriwira, motero, pakapita nthawi mumawagwetsa, ndipamene amatha kukhala osungulumwa kuchokera kuchisanu cha chisanu.
Kubzala kwa mphesa kumachitika m'mawu osafupika. Izi ndi nthawi yomwe mbande za mphesa zatha. Izi ndizofunikira kuti okhawo omwe anabzala mphesa alibe nthawi yoyamba kukula, yomwe ili yosafunika kwambiri chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira yozizira.
Ndiponso, mofanana ndi chisanu chomwecho sichitha kuchedwa pofika. Ndibwino kuti tichite zimenezi mu theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa Oktoba, m'madera ambiri akumpoto ndi ozizira - kumapeto kwa September kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa October.
Mphesa zimakonda kutentha, ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Timur imapanganso dothi lachonde lokula bwino. Pachifukwa ichi, ingomangirani chitsamba mu malo aulere a nyumba yako yachilimwe isagwire ntchito.
Ziyenera kusamala kwambiri kuti zitsamba zisamangidwe ndi nyumba kapena zomera zina, komanso zimakhala ndi zakudya zokwanira.
Zomwe zinachitikira winegrowers amalimbikitsa kukula kwa "Timur" mphesa pafupi ndi nyumba zawo, kumbali yawo ya kumwera (chabwino, kapena kuchokera kum'mwera chakumadzulo). Chifukwa cha ichi, chitsamba sichidzangolandira kuwala kwambiri kwa dzuwa, koma chidzatetezedwe bwino kuchokera ku mphepo.
Zomalizazi ndizoopsa kwambiri kwa mphesa panthawi ya maluwa, chifukwa zimatha kuchotsa zonsezi. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mphesa zimakula bwino pamapiri kapena mapiri aang'ono, chifukwa m'mapiri akhoza kuchepetsa mitsinje yayikulu ya mpweya wozizira, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a fungal.
Ndi bwino kusankha nthaka yabwino kuti mubzalitse mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa. Zikakhala kuti palibe pa tsamba lanu, muyenera kudzidyetsa pamodzi ndi zinthu zambiri. Komabe, ndibwino kuganizira kuti "Timur" ndi chipatso chabwino ndipo imakula pa dothi lofunda komanso lotentha.
Chiwembu chodzala mphesa ichi chiyenera kuganizira kukula kwa chitsamba chake. Pa chifukwa ichi, mtunda wa pakati pa tchire mumzere umodzi ukhoza kuchitidwa m mita imodzi, koma pakati pa mizere - kuyambira 1.5 mpaka 2.5.
Kuphatikizidwa bwino ndichinsinsi cha zokolola za mphesa zamtsogolo. Pachifukwa ichi, musanayambe, muyenera kudziwa njirayi, yomwe tikukulimbikitsani kuchita.
Poyamba muyenera kupanga kukonzekera kwa cuttings. Kaŵirikaŵiri amakololedwa mu kugwa, choncho ndizomveka kuchita katemera nthawi yomweyo.
Komabe, cuttings ndi zotheka kukhalabe mpaka masika, ngati muwaphimba ndi mchenga ndikuwasunga m'chipinda momwe kutentha sikugwera pansipa 12ºС. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kudula bwino sikuyenera kukhala kocheperapo, osaposa 2-3.
Kuphatikizidwa, mbali yochepa ya kudula imadulidwa kumbali zonse ziwiri, kupanga mphete. Izi zimamuthandiza kuti ayambe kugwiritsira ntchito kwambiri katunduyo, motero amachititsa kuti mizu yake ikhale yolimba.
Ndiponso, gawo lakumapeto liyenera kukhala gwirani nthawi mu madzikotero kuti kudula kuyenera kudyetsedwa ndi chinyontho chofunikira komanso kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Ndi cholinga chomwecho, mbali yakumapeto ya kudula, ndiko kuti, maso ake, akulimbikitsidwa kuti sera.
Pambuyo pake, muyenera kuyamba kukonzekera katunduyo poyamba, kuchotsa chitsamba chakale. Pamwamba pa chitsa chamanzere, kutalika kwa pafupifupi masentimita 10, chimapangidwa mpaka phokoso losalala.
Komanso, ndikofunika kuchotsa dothi lonse limene lingayambitse matenda. Ndiye mungathe kuchita muzitsamba. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala osati mozama, kuti zisayambe kuwononga.
Mapesi okonzedwa amaikidwa mugawanika ndi kukulitsidwa kokha ndi gawo lochepetsedwa. Ngati katundu ndi wokwanira - mungathe kukulumikiza zidutswa zambiri.
Pofuna kuthandizira kumtengowo, katunduyo ayenera kukokedwa mwamphamvu ngati momwe angathere ndikutetezedwa ndi nsalu yolimba. Pambuyo pake, katunduyo waikidwa ndi dothi lonyowa ndipo amatsanulira mochuluka ndi madzi. Ndikofunika kuyika kapena kumanga pafupi ndi iye chithandizo cha chitsamba chamtsogolo, komanso kuzungulira nthaka yozungulira.
Kusamalira mphesa "Timur": mbali zofunika kwambiri
- Ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzimwa madzi a chitsamba chamtundu uwu. Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri maluwa asanayambe kukolola. Pa nthawi yamvula, zimakhalanso zosatheka kusiya chitsamba popanda chinyezi china.
- Kuthira kulikonse kuyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi nthaka: kuzungulira thunthu kuyika masentimita 3 masentimita a utuchi kapena moss.
- Pakuti zabwino fruiting chitsamba amafuna nthawi zonse kudulira. Kawirikawiri katundu wa chitsamba ali ndi maso pafupifupi 30, ngakhale kuti kuwonjezera kukula kwa masango, iwo amabadwa mpaka 20-25. Mphungu iliyonse imachepetsedwa ndi maso 10-12.
- Izi zosiyanasiyana, ngakhale kuti ndizokhazikika, muyenera kuziphimba m'nyengo yozizira, mosasamala za msinkhu ndi kukula kwake.
- Kukongoletsa pamwamba kwa chitsamba cha mphesa kuyeneranso kukhale nthawi zonse komanso mochuluka. Chakudya chingakhale choyenera, organic ndi mchere, koma ndikofunikira kuti musapitirire ndi feteleza zamchere.
- Kupewa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa chitsamba kumachitika chaka chilichonse maluwa asanafike.
