Malonda ndiye mfumukazi zenizeni za m'mundamo. Mitundu yawo yosiyanasiyana, kukula kwake, mawonekedwe ake ndi mafungo awo ndizodabwitsa. Mitundu yambiri imakhala yosazindikira komanso yosinthika ndi nyengo yapakati.
Mitundu ina yophatikiza imamera ngakhale m'malo ovuta a kumpoto. Kwa kakombo, kubzala panja ndi chisamaliro zimakhala ndi zosiyana zingapo kuchokera ku mbewu zina za babu.
Kulima kwakunja
Kuti mukwaniritse maluwa akuluakulu komanso athanzi, muyenera kudziwa zovuta zakukula: kuchokera pakusankhidwa kwa mababu kuti muthandizire nyengo yachisanu.
Kusankhidwa kwa mbewu
Muyenera kuyamba kukonzekera dimba lakutsogolo kapena bedi lamaluwa ndi maluwa osankha mitundu. Kuphatikiza koyenera kukula, kutalika ndi nthawi yamaluwa kumakuthandizani kuti muzisangalala ndi maluwa okongola maluwa onse chilimwe.
Zosiyanasiyana pakubzala
Gulu la ma botanical apadziko lonse lapansi limasiyanitsa magulu akuluakulu 9 a maluwa:
- Aku Asia, oposa 5000 hybrids, yozizira-olimba, osazindikira. Maluwa opanda maluwa.
- Curly, mitundu 200. Ma inflorescence ndi apamwamba, mawonekedwe ake ndi apamwamba, ofanana ndi choyikapo nyali choyatsidwa pansi.
- Choyera ngati chipale, mitundu 20 yokha. Mtundu wawukulu wofiirira, nthawi zina wokhala ndi mafiyira achikasu onunkhira bwino. Moody, amafuna nyengo ndi chisamaliro.
- American, ali ndi subspecies 150. Atsogoleri mu kowala, pali mithunzi yodabwitsa. Chochititsa chidwi ndi zomwe zimapezeka mkati mwa calyx.
- Kutalika kwamtunda, kofala kwambiri pakati pa anthu okhala m'malo obiriwira ndi ana. Amaganizira kwambiri matenda ndi majeremusi. Inflorescence ndi yayitali, yotalikirapo, yokhazikitsidwa ndi pakati mpaka pansi.
- Mitundu yaubweya, wokonda kutentha, wokhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu onunkhira bwino.
- Chakum'mawa, gulu lalikulu kwambiri lomwe lili ndi mitundu yopitilira 1,000. Zomera zimakonda kufunda, kusamalira bwino, ndipo zimafunikira kutetezedwa mosamala ku matenda.
- Zophatikiza zamtundu wa Interspecific ndizodziwika bwino pakati pa olimawo, chifukwa amaphatikiza zabwino zamagulu ena. Zomwe zimafunidwa kwambiri ndi ma hybrids a LA, ma hybrids a OT ndi ma hybrids a LO. Korona wamchere amatha kupitirira 30 cm. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphunzitsira.
- Mitundu yachilengedwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika kwa abale am'munda mu kukongola ndi kukula, koma amatengapo gawo lalikulu pakupeza mitundu yatsopano.
Ubwino wa Bulb
Pogula, muyenera kuyang'ana bwino mababu.
Zofooka ndi zobvunda sizingamere, ndipo anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo amatha kufalitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'munda wonse ndikuyambitsa mavuto osakondweretsa.
Mukamasankha kakombo, muyenera kulabadira:
- Babu inali yolimba kukhudza, yowutsa mudyo, yopanda zowola, zoopsa, mawanga akuda ndi zigamba zofewa. Ngati pali zowonongeka zowonekera, malamulo oyendetsera ndi kusungirako adaphwanyidwa kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chiopsezo cha imfa ndichabwino.
- Mphukira zazing'ono komanso zatsopano, osati mizu youma yowoneka. Zomera zoterezi ndizothandiza kwambiri. Kukula kwa mizu yamoyo kuyenera kukhala osachepera 4-5 cm.
- Kukula kwa anyezi kunali kokulirapo. Kubzala zinthu kuchokera m'milimita 14 kumapereka mphukira zamphamvu komanso inflorescence yayikulu. Wocheperako amalimbikitsidwa chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, ndipo omwe ali ndi mulifupi wocheperapo 3 cm adzaphuka konse patatha zaka 2-3 mutabzala.
Chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa ndi chuma chambiri. Mwinanso, mababu awa sanabzalidwe munthaka ndipo amasemphana ndi kasungidwe kazomera kamodzi. Mukazika mizu, zimayamba kukula mwachangu ndipo sizipulumuka nyengo yozizira.
Kubzala Malamulo Amitundu Yosiyanasiyana
Maluwa okongoletsa maluwa okongoletsa m'munda poyamba adakula m'magawo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi: kuyambira Siberia wozizira, wankhanza mpaka ku steppe Central Asia, kumapiri a Caucasus komanso kumapiri otentha a Amazonia. Mitundu yamakono yatenga kuchokera kwa iwo zokonda za acidity nthaka, kukula, nthawi yakukula komanso kudziwa kuzizira ndi matenda.
Pofuna kuti musalakwitsa kusankha mtundu wosakanizidwa, muyenera kudziwa mawonekedwe awo.
| Gululi | Malo ndi nthaka | Nthawi yayitali | Mitundu yotchuka |
| Waku Asia | Malo owala bwino opanda madzi oyandikira. Amakonda dothi louma lokhathamiramo pang'ono lokhathamiritsidwa ndi peat kapena humus. Ndikotheka kubzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana monga piramidi, pomwe ma pixies otsika kwambiri amakhala pampando wotsika, ndipo ma tangos akuluakulu amakhala pamtunda wapamwamba. | Kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - kuyambira Seputembara |
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| Kummawa | Malo aulere, otenthedwa bwino komanso otumphukira dzuwa kumwera ndi kumwera chakum'mawa. Pasakhale mbewu zokhala ndi mizu yamphamvu mnansi. Kukhazikika konyowa sikuyenera kuloledwa, chifukwa chake malo omwe ali otsetsereka ndi abwino. Nthaka zotayirira sizimalowerera pa pH, pomwe phulusa, humus, peat, ndi feteleza wa mchere zimapangidwira. | Ogasiti |
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| Tubular | Madera oyatsidwa bwino osagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphepo komanso zolemba. Zosakhazikika, zachonde zopanda mbali kapena pang'ono zamchere padziko lapansi ndizoyenera. | Kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - kuyambira Seputembara |
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| Curly (Martagon) | Madera ambiri, owala bwino popanda kuopseza madzi. Mukufuna mchenga kapena louma, komanso kumasula dothi la pH yachilengedwe komanso yopanda mbali. Chomera ndichachikulu, motero, ndichabwino kwambiri kubzala m'modzi. | Kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - kuyambira Seputembara |
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| Choyera ngati chipale | Madera ofunda a kum'mwera kwa dimba la maluwa, otetezedwa bwino ndi mphepo. Imakonda nthaka yachonde yokhala ndi nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu, yonyowa komanso yotayirira. Mu Seputembeli, chomeracho chimadulidwa, ndipo babu amakumbidwa kuti azisungira nthawi yozizira. | Anabzala mu April kumapeto kwa chisanu. |
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| LA hybrid | Mabedi a maluwa okongoletsedwa bwino ndi minda yakutsogolo yokhala ndi dothi lamchenga ndi loamy, lotsekedwa ndi mchenga wa mitsinje, peat, masamba humus ndi phulusa. Pang'ono acidic kapena ndale. | Kuyambira pakati pa Seputembala mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala |
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| OT wosakanizidwa | Mbali yadzuwa yamundawo, pomwe maluwa amayenera kuyikidwa kuti nsonga zokhala ndi inflorescence zikhale padzuwa, ndipo zimayambira pamizu zikhale mthunzi. Amakonda dothi lotayirira, lachonde komanso lopanda madzi. | Kuyambira Seputembala |
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Maupangiri apafupi ndi malo
Kubzala maluwa nthawi zambiri amapangika m'dzinja, pafupifupi mwezi umodzi chisanu chisanayambe. Nthawiyi ndikofunikira kuti mizu yake ikhale pansi.
Mukabzala maluwa molawirira, iwo amakula ndi kufa ndi nyengo yozizira.
M'njira yapakati, mbewu zimabzalidwa poyambira koyambirira kwa Seputembala. Nthawi zambiri, wamaluwa kuyambira koyambirira kwa Ogasiti amayamba kubzala maluwa mabedi omwe ali ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana ndi kubzala zinthu. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yamapeto a chilimwe - yoyambilira yophukira imawerengedwa kuti ndiyo yabwino kwambiri yopezera mbewu.
Udindo wofunikira pokonza dimba lakutsogolo ndikusankha malo a maluwa imaseweredwa ndi gulu lawo. Tubular, Asia komanso kum'mawa kwenikweni zimayikidwa m'malo otentha a dimba, ndipo yokhotakhota imalekerera pang'ono.
Zomera zokhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu ndizoyimba. Itha kuikidwa komwe zofukiza zofowoka zimafunikira, mwachitsanzo, pamzera wa udzu wokongoletsa. Mitundu ya maluwa ang'onoang'ono iyenera kubzalidwa m'magulu.
Njira ina yodziwika bwino yolimira dimba la maluwa ndi piramidi, pomwe mbewu zimayikidwa mu slide kuchokera pakuwombera ndikuwongoleredwa mpaka zimphona zazitali zazitali.
Zoyenera maluwa ambiri ndi okwera komanso otsetsereka m'chigawo chakumwera ndi kumwera chakum'mawa. Ndipo kuchokera pakuwona kwa aesthetics, komanso pazifukwa zosamalidwa, ndibwino kubzala maluwa m'mphepete mwa msewu.
Zokongoletsa za m'munda, malo pafupi ndi mitengo kapena zitsamba zokhala ndi mizu yayikulu, monga dahlias ndi peonies, sizabwino. Amamva bwino kukhala ndi mababu ena: tulips, daffodils, crocuses.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Muyenera kukonzekereratu malo a maluwa asanafike. Kubzala m'miyezi yophukira, maluwa okongoletsedwa mu June-Julayi. Kutumiza kwa mababu m'nthaka - kumapeto kwa Seputembala kapena Okutobala koyambirira.
Osatengera mwezi womwe mababu azika mizu, nthaka yake imakonzedwa molingana ndi chiwembu chotsatira:
- Chidebe cha humus, peat kapena chovunda chovunda, 20-30 magalamu a superphosphate, 200 gm ya phulusa lamatabwa pa mita imodzi ndi theka zimabalalika pamtunda.
- Kukumba mpaka akuya masentimita 30 mpaka 40, kutembenuza ndikumasulira zigawo.
- Zitatha izi, miyezi ingapo njira zachilengedwe za hydrate ndi kupesa kwa zinthu zina zimachitika, kuti dothi lakonzeka bwino nthawi yobzala.
Kukonzekera kwa babu
Kukonza mbewu ndikofunikira popewa matenda ndi majeremusi okhala ndi maluwa.
Ngati mababu ndi mizu yawo itayuma, amayenera kuwiritsidwa m'madzi kutentha kwa firiji kwa maola angapo.
Zitatha izi, kukonzanso kumachitika mphindi 20 pogwiritsa ntchito:
- yankho la pinki la potaziyamu;
- Mankhwala okonzekera kuchokera 2 ga malathion kapena foundationazole pa lita imodzi ya madzi;
- zida zapadera Maxim kapena Vitaros pokonza mababu.
Sikoyenera kuti muzitsuka zothetsera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ingoyimitsani pang'ono mumthunzi.
Kutambalala
Kuzama kwa kumera kwa babu mu dothi kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwake. Iyenera kukhala yofanana ndi mainchesi atatu a tuber. Kutalika kochepa kwambiri kumatha kuyambitsa mawonekedwe a ana angapo aakazi, pamene kakombo sikukutulutsa.
Mtunda pakati pa mbewu uzikhala pafupifupi masentimita 30. Kwa mitundu yomwe imapereka ma peduncle angapo kapena okhala ndi masamba mulifupi, panafunika malo ambiri.
Ndikofunika kuti muwachotse pazomera zina osapitirira theka la mita. Kenako bedi la maluwa lidzawoneka lokongola, lopanda zoyipa kuposa zithunzi zamagazini.
Tsatane-tsatane malangizo
Dongosolo lobzala bwino maluwa a maluwa akutengera mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobereka.
Mababu
Zitsime zakuya kwakuzama ndi m'lifupi zimakonzedwa pamalo osankhidwa ndi malire pang'ono kuti muzitha kuyika mizu. Mchenga wowuma umathiridwa pansi pomwepo, pomwe babu umakhazikika mosamala ndikutuluka. Ndi bwinonso kuwaza ndi mchenga pang'ono, ndikuwuphimba ndi dothi, kompositi ndikuthirira.
Mabomba
Tsamba limaphuka pakati pa Seputembala. Mizu yaying'ono itawonekera pa mipira, imachotsedwa mosamala kudula ndikuyika mufiriji, kutentha + madigiri 33 pamwezi kuti ipatikidwe.
Mababu amabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo malo okuya pafupifupi 3 cm motalikirana pafupifupi 10 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Mukathirira, bedi la maluwa liyenera kuyikiridwa ndi chosanjikiza cha peat kapena masamba.
Mbewu
Mbewu ya kakombo imakololedwa m'dzinja. Pambuyo kuyanika ndikuchiza ndi fungicides, itha kufesedwa nthawi yomweyo m'nthaka kapena mbande kuchotsedwa.
Njira yachiwiri ndiyabwino, chifukwa mutha kupeza zochuluka zamera zolimba. Ndikwabwino kukula maluwa kuchokera kumbewu kunyumba kumapeto kwa February - koyambirira kwa Marichi.
Pang'onopang'ono kupeza mbande za kakombo ndi motere:
- Tengani chidebe kapena bokosi lakuya pafupifupi 10 cm.
- Dzazani ndi dothi kuchokera mumchenga wosakanizika, peat ndi dimba.
- Pangani ma grooves mu theka la sentimita.
- Thirani mbewu zotetezedwa.
- Phimbani ndi primer ndikunyowetsani bwino kuchokera mfuti yoluka.
- Yembekezerani mbande ndikuwasamalira kufikira atasamukira kudera lotseguka.
Maluwa achichepere amathanso kuwaika kukhala nthambi yamaluwa kumapeto kwa kuphukira kapena kugwa koyambirira.
