Lero tikambirana za zodabwitsa zosiyanasiyana za Western Tui - "Smaragd". Mtengo wokongola kwambiri uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Ulaya kukongoletsa ziwembu, kupanga zolemba zobiriwira ndi zinga. Zopindulitsa zazikulu za Smaragd thuja ndizochepa zochepa komanso kudzichepetsa kwazomwe amamangidwa. Mtengo umakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo umakhala ndi moyo kwa zaka mazana awiri, motero umachokera pazomwe ungapange malo obiriwira okongola omwe amangoganizira chabe.
Momwe mungasankhire mbande pamene mukugula
Kusankha bwino sapling ndi sayansi yonse. Mukamagula mbeu ya Smaragd thuja, muyenera kumvetsetsa kukula kwa korona, mtundu wa masamba obiriwira, kuyang'ana thunthu ndi nthambi. Ngati thuja sagulitsidwe mu mphika, ndiye poyamba yang'anani mizu.
Ndikofunikira! Gulani mbande m'deralo, kuti mtengo usawonongeke pakamwa.
Mbeu yabwino iyenera kukhala ndi "masamba" otsekemera a mtundu wa saladi. Kutalika kwa mtengowo sikuyenera kupitirira 120 masentimita. Thunthu ndi mphukira ziyenera kukhala ndi mtundu umodzi, popanda malo owala kapena malo amdima. Makungwawo ayenera kukhala olimba. Fufuzani mabowo osiyanasiyana kapena kuwonongeka kwa khungwa, chifukwa khungwa loonongeka likhoza kufooketsa mtengo mosavuta ndipo sudzakhala mizu. Mabowo osiyanasiyana - izi zikhoza kukhala kupezeka kwa tizirombo mu cortex kapena bast. Ndipo malo oterowo sawopseza chabe thuja, koma ndi zina zotero m'munda.
Ngati mbali yomwe ili pamwambayi ilipo, pitani ku mizu. Choyenera, chomeracho chiyenera kugulitsidwa mu mphika wa dothi (dothi sayenera kukhala louma!). Ngati mizu siili pansi, onetsetsani chinyezi ndi umphumphu wawo. Mizu yowuma kapena yoonongeka - chifukwa chokana kugula mbewu. Komabe, ngati mizu yayamba kugwedezeka ndipo pali phokoso losamvetsetseka, ndiye mizu imayamba kuvunda ndikugula mmera sikoyenera. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti mtengo wofooka umafuna nthawi yochuluka ndi khama kuchokera kwa minda ya minda kuti ikhale yokwanira ndi kukula.
Mukudziwa? Mitundu yonse ya kumadzulo kwaja ndi yosiyana ndi phytoncidity. Kutentha kwa mpweya wodzaza ndi phytoncides kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi.
Nthawi yabwino yopita
Mmerawo ukhoza kubzalidwa pakati pa masika kapena chilimwe ndi m'dzinja. Komabe, odziwa wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kubzala kumapeto kwa kasupe kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Izi ndi chifukwa cha nthawi ya acclimatization. Ngati mutabzala thumba, kugwa kwake sikungakhale ndi nthawi yokhala pansi musanayambe chisanu ndi kuzizira. Podzala msipu kapena chilimwe (pamene kutentha kuli kutentha komanso kusasintha kutentha kwadzidzidzi) mumapatsa mtengowo nthawi yochuluka kuti "mukhale ndi moyo" ndipo muzolowere zatsopano.
Mukudziwa? Maiko ambiri a ku Ulaya pazigawo za malamulo amachititsa kuti kumadzulo kulima malo obiriwira a ma TB.
Kusankha malo ndi nthaka yobzala
Kuti sapling ayambe ndikukula mofulumira, muyenera kusankha malo abwino oti mubzalidwe. Njira yoyenera idzakhala malo otentha kapena osungunuka pang'ono kumbuyo. Mbali yobiriwira ya thuja siyikuwoneka kuti ikuwotcha dzuwa, kotero inu mukhoza kuika mtengo uwu pamalo otseguka. Ndibwino kuti nthaka ikhale yachonde ndi madzi abwino. Zotsatira za nthaka zotsatira ndizoyenera Tui: chernozem, peaty ndi clayey. Mwa iwo, mtengo umamva bwino. Ngati malo anu ali ndi dothi lolemera, momwe madzi amadzichepetsera, kapena pansi pamtunda uli pafupi, ndiye kuti muyenera kusamalira dongosolo la ngalande. Acidity ya dothi sichinthu chofunika kwambiri kwa thuja, koma ndi bwino kumamatira kumalo osalowerera ndi zochepa.
Ntchito yokonzekera musanafike
Musanabzala mtengo, muyenera kuchita masitepe angapo, osati omwe alimi oyang'anira munda aliyense amadziwa. Kotero, tiyeni tiyambe ndi momwe tingabzalitsire Smaragd thuja masika. Poyamba, konzani malo. Ngati mtengo unagulidwa pamodzi ndi mphika, tsitsani madzi ambiri padziko lapansi ndipo mupite kwa ola limodzi kapena awiri kuti muime, kuti mukhale osavuta kuchotsa. Ganizirani kutalika kwa mphika ndi kukumba dzenje lodzala, lomwe lidzakhala 2-3 nthawi yayitali kusiyana ndi mpira woumba. Pakakhala kuti sapling imagulidwa popanda dothi ladongo, dzenje lodzala limakumbidwa katatu kuposa lalikulu la korona m'malo otsetsereka.
Pambuyo pake, dzenje liyenera kudzazidwa ndi nthaka yachonde. Pali njira zingapo za nthaka yofunira: chernozem, nthaka ya sod, kompositi, dothi la maluwa, peat, kapena nthaka ina yomwe ikugwirizana ndi magawo ena. Tikukulimbikitsani kugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza izi: peat, mchenga, chernozem / nthaka yobiriwira mwa chiwerengero cha 2: 2: 1. Mu nthakayi pali zinthu zonse zofunika pa gawo loyamba. Ngati thuja ili ndi kutalika kwa 1 mita, muyenera kuwonjezera feteleza ("Kemira", nitroammophoska kapena zifaniziro zawo) ndikubzala nthaka.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati nthaka ndi yonyowa pokonza kapena yolemetsa, ndiye dzenje limakula ndi masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi (20 cm).
Mmene mungabzalidwe thuja "Smaragd"
Pambuyo pokonzekera nthaka kusakaniza, mmera umayikidwa m'dzenje, wadzazidwa ndi nthaka yokonzedwa bwino. Palibe chifukwa choyika zowonjezera thandizo kwa mtengo, koma muyenera kusamalira nthaka mulching. Muluwu udzateteza mizu ya Smaragd thuja kuti isawume ndi kutenthedwa, komanso idzapitirizabe kusungira nthaka. Mu mawonekedwe a mulch, mungagwiritse ntchito utuchi, zigawo za humus, yonyowa peat kapena apadera mulch zakuthupi.
Kuphatikiza pa ubwino wa pamwambawu, ndiyenera kuwonjezeranso kuti zipangizo zidzaperekanso feteleza ku mtengo pamene mutembenuka, ndiye kuti sikuyenera kukana. Mfundo yofunikira ndi yakuti khosi la mthunzi liyenera kukhala pamtunda, ndipo mphukira za mtengo siziyenera kukhudza mulch. Ngati mtengo udabzalidwa nyengo yozizira, ndiye kuti muyenera kusamalira korona wa mtengo ndi kuthirira madzi ambiri (ngati simunagwirizane ndi mulch).
Chisamaliro ndi kulima kwa Tummy "Smaragd"
Timayang'ana kuzinthu zowonjezera za kukula kwa Smaragd thuja m'dziko kapena m'munda wamunda. Chomera chosadziletsa chimadalira kwambiri kwa eni ake. Ndipo ngati mutatsatira malamulo angapo ndi mapulani, mtengo wanu udzakhala ndi malingaliro ochititsa chidwi ndipo udzakwaniritsa bwino momwe mungakhalire m'mundawu.
Kuyika mtengo wawung'ono
Kusamalira thujas "Smaragd" ayenera kuyamba ndi kumeta. Pamwamba, tinalongosola malo otsetserekera malo ndipo tawonetsa kuti thuja amamveka bwino dzuwa, komabe chaka choyamba kapena ziwiri mutabzala, thunzi imafuna mthunzi kuyambira dzuwa la masana kuti mtengo wosalimba usawotchedwe. Pochita izi, thuyu amavala choyera chosavala nsalu, chomwe chimapangitsa kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala bwino. Ngati mutaphimba ndi zinthu zakuda, zowonjezera kutentha zidzalengedwa pansi pake, ndipo mtengowo udzangowonongeka.
Kuthirira, kuyanika ndi kumasula nthaka
Ndikofunika kuthirira mtengo ngakhale atagona mulch. Malinga ndi chinyezi cha nthaka ndi kutalika kwa madzi pansi, ulimi wothirira umachitika kamodzi pa mwezi kapena sabata iliyonse. Pothirira madzi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito madzi okwanira kapena madzi. Mtengo umasowa malita 10 a madzi kuti akwaniritse zosowa zake.
Ndikofunikira! M'zaka zotsatirazi, thuja iyenera kuthiriridwa kamodzi pa sabata m'chilimwe komanso pa nthawi yamvula.
Kuwonjezera pa kuthirira, thuja amafunika kupalira. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti ngati mutayika pansi, ndiye kuti sitifunikira udzu, chifukwa nthaka siuma, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kusintha kwa mpweya sikukutha. Ngati mulch sankayikidwa, nthawi ndi nthawi nthaka yozungulira mtengo iyenera kukhala udzu. Ndikofunikira kukumbukira nthawi iyi: thuja ili ndi mizu yeniyeni yomwe ingathe kuonongeka mosavuta. Podziwa mbali imeneyi, kupalira kwa mbeu kumapangidwira mozama kwambiri kuposa masentimita 10. Kutsegula nthaka kumatulutsidwa pamene kutuluka kumayamba kutenga mtengo, kusokoneza mpweya. Ngati nyengo yowonongeka kunja, kupalira bwino kuli bwino kusiya, chifukwa mumakhala ndi chiwopsezo chotentha kwambiri pamphuno komanso kutuluka kwa madzi. Udzu umafunika madzulo kapena dzuwa litalowa.
Nthawi yoti mudye
Udzu wa feteleza ndi feteleza zovuta panthawi yobzala zimapereka mphindi yochepa, ndipo m'dzinja la chaka chomwecho ndikofunikira kuti uchite mobwerezabwereza umuna. Mu September, feteleza a phosphate-potashi ayenera kuikidwa pansi, zomwe zimalimbikitsa mtengo usanayambe. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti feteleza ya Tui Smaragd ndi yofunikira pa nthawi yoyamba ya kukula ndi mizu yopanga mizu. Mtengo wachikulire susowa kuvala kwina.
Pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira, mu March-April, feteleza ovuta "Kemira-chilengedwe" kapena fetereza ina iliyonse ya mitengo ya coniferous imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Patatha milungu iwiri, muyenera kuwonjezera gawo lina la kuvala kofanana (simukusowa kusintha mtundu wa feteleza!). Mu April, kuwonjezera pa superphosphate (80-100 g pa sq. M) ku nthaka kapena potaziyamu sulphate (50 g pa sq. M). Muzondomeko izi zatha. M'zaka zotsatira, ngati mukufuna, mukhoza kudyetsa mtengo ndi humus kapena kompositi (ngati mulch sichidaikidwa). Komabe, izi ziyenera kuchitika kokha pamene kukula kukucheperachepera, itatha nthawi yozizira kapena pamene zomera zikudwala.
Kudulira
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuchepetsa chingwecho, pomwe simangopanga korona wa mtengo, komanso mumachotsa ku mphukira zowononga, zowuma komanso zowonongeka. Chodulira choyamba chikuchitika pambuyo pa wintering. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, mtengowo umayang'anitsitsa mosamala ndipo umathetsa zonse zowuma, zowonongeka ndi matenda. M'tsogolomu, kudulira kumatuluka kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri. Kuwombera kumachepetsedwa ndi gawo lachitatu. Komanso, m'zaka zoyambirira ndi bwino kupanga mapangidwe a korona, ngati mukufuna kupereka mawonekedwe ena. Kudulira sikungowonjezera kukongola, komanso kumapanganso kupanga kapangidwe ka thicker ndi kufulumira kukula kwa mtengo.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa Tui "Smaragd" mu kukonza malo
Mtengo wokongoletsera unangotengedwa kuti uzigwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo. Thuja "Smaragd" ili ndi mamita okwana 1.5 mamita, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pachokhacho mukhoza kupanga mazenera ndi magulu a magulu, kumene mtengo udzakhala ngati chinthu chapakati. Kuphatikiza pa kukongola kwamakono, mzere wa thuja uli ndi ntchito zothandiza: mitengo imateteza ku fumbi, mphepo, ndipo imapatsa mundawo kukhala malo osiyana.
Mukudziwa? Kukonzekera mothandizidwa ndi tui kuthandiza kulimbikitsa ntchito ya mtima, kusintha ntchito ya chitetezo cha mthupi ndi chapakati.
Thuja "Smaragd" ili ndi mamita awiri mamita, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti muli ndi mwayi wopanga zozizwitsa zonse, kutembenuza mtengo wofanana mu mbalame kapena nyama. Zingwe zowonjezereka za thuja zidzakhala ndi mawonekedwe opanda chaka chimodzi. Kuti apange linga lalikulu, thuja amabzalidwa pakati pa masentimita 70-80 mu mizere iwiri. M'chaka choyamba mtengo suyenera kudula. Ingomupatsa ufulu wokhala m'lifupi, kudula nthambi zowuma komanso zosweka. M'chaka chachiwiri ndi chachitatu muyenera kupanga mapangidwe a korona. Kudulira ndi mbali ya apical kumathamanga. Palibe malangizo apadera odulira, chifukwa mumapatsa mtengo mawonekedwe omwe mumawawona.
Ndikofunikira! Thuy amafunika kudulidwa panthawi imodzimodzi kuti akwaniritse kufanana ndi kudziwika.
Komanso yopanga kudulira ikuchitika kumapeto kwa nyengo kapena m'nyengo yachilimwe. Mfundo yofunika ndi yakuti pa chaka sichiri chovomerezeka kuti tigwiritse ntchito maulendo opitirira atatu.
Kulimbana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda a Smaragd tui
XMitengo ya nkhondo ili ndi chinthu chimodzi: masambawo ali ndi mafuta ovuta komanso ofunika omwe amaletsa tizirombo zambiri. Komabe, izi sizikutulutsa mtengo ku matenda ndi zirombo zomwe zimakhudza chikhalidwe cha coniferous.
Ndikofunikira! Akatswiri amalangiza kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi fungicides 2-3 pachaka kuti asatenge matenda.
Nthambi za Brown. Matenda a fungal, omwe amadziwika ngati ma chikasu (chikasu "masamba") kumayambiriro kwa masika. Ngati nthawi sichitha kuchipatala, ndiye nthambi yonse imakhala yachikasu ndikumwalira. Mphukira yomwe imakhudzidwa nthawi yomweyo imadula ndi kuyaka. Kwa miyezi yambiri, mtengowo umafufuzidwa nthawi zonse ndikudulidwa. Kuwonjezera pa kudulira, chomeracho chiyenera kudyetsedwa ndikusakaniza dothi lozungulira thunthu ndi miyala yamwala. Pakati pa chilimwe, kuti asatengenso matendawa, thujayi imatulutsidwa ndi 0.2% yankho la "Fundazol" ndi nthawi ya masiku 14-15. Wood processing ikuchitika kwa miyezi 2-3.
Tuevaya chinyengo chishango. Pankhaniyi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiri pa bowa, ndi tizilombo. Nthano-chishango ndi ofanana ndi zilonda zazing'ono zamdima, zomwe zingakhale pamtengo wa mtengo kapena kumera. N'zotheka kudziwa kachilombo ka mphuno yonyenga ndi mawanga aang'ono a chikasu pa mphukira. Tizilomboti ndi owopsa kwambiri, choncho muyenera kuyamba mwamsanga mankhwala. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga Rogor, Aktellik, Karbofos. Popeza mtengo sukugwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kudya, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sizingakuvulazeni inu kapena ana anu.
Tuevaya aphid. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timakhudza pafupifupi zomera zonse m'munda. Kudziwa nsabwe za m'masamba pa chomeracho ndi kophweka: tizilombo toiira-bulauni, owazidwa ndi phula loyera-siliva, kumamatira pa mitengo ikuluikulu ndi kuphulika. Kuwonjezera pa kuvulaza molunjika, phala (zotsekemera bwino) za nsabwe za m'masamba zimalimbikitsa sowa bowa, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mtengo. Tizilombo tingathamangitsidwe ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga: "Antio", "Karbofos", "Rogor", "Fitoverm", "Detsis". Kutaya mtengo ukusowa maulendo awiri kuti mupeze zotsatira.
Kusaka kwa mphukira. Chifukwa cha matendawa ndikumasowa kwa mchere, kapena kuphwanya kayendetsedwe ka zakudya kuchokera muzu mpaka korona. Kuwonjezera pa kuyanika kunja kwa mphukira, munthu amatha kuona chikasu cha "masamba" ndikugwa. Vuto likuchotsedwa ndi processing thuja ndi zamkuwa zokonzekera. Mankhwalawa amachitikira kumayambiriro kwa masika, mtengo ukatuluka m'nyengo yozizira. Ngati vuto likupitirira, yang'anani dongosolo la mtengo kuti liwonongeke ndi kuvunda.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a Tuman Smaragd:
- kuthirira madzi;
- zofooka za zakudya;
- kusinthanitsa bwino kwa nthaka;
- feteleza owonjezera;
- kusowa chithandizo chamatenda ndi fungicides ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Matenda ambiri amayamba chifukwa chosayenera. Mtengo wolimba wokha ukhoza kuyamwa matendawa kapena kuwateteza kuti usafalikire. Choncho, chisamaliro - chinsinsi cha TUI yathanzi.
Tetezani achinyamata a thuja ku chisanu
Tsopano tiyeni tiyankhule za momwe tingatetezere Smaragd kukazizira m'nyengo yozizira. Mtundu woterewu ukhoza kupirira kutentha mpaka 28 ° C, choncho muyenera kuphimba mtengo pokhapokha ngati mukuyembekezera matalala amphamvu kwambiri, kapena kuteteza nthambi zosasunthika kuchokera kuphulika pansi pa chipale chofewa. Tuya ili ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu, zomwe sizowola pa chinyezi chakuya, koma zimadutsa mpweya. Mukhoza kupulumutsa nthambi kuti zisokonezeke mwa kuwamanga ndi chingwe kapena chingwe. Mitengo yamtengo wapatali kapena yochepa imamanga "nyumba zazing'ono" zomwe zimaphimba ndi burlap kapena spunbond. Pamene chomera chiri ndi zaka 3-4, kusowa kwa malo osungira kumatheratu. Mtengo wachikulire umalekerera ngakhale kwambiri chisanu.
Mukudziwa? Thuja adabweretsedwa ku Ulaya kuchokera ku Canada m'zaka za m'ma 30 za m'ma XVI. Kuwonekera kwa chidwi cha botanist wa mfumu ya ku French Francis I kunayambitsa umoyo, kukongola ndi mphamvu ya nkhuni zotentha. Iye anautcha iwo "mtengo wa moyo."
Kudula Tui "Smaragd"
Mutuwu "Smaragd" umafalitsidwa ndi zipatso. Popeza kuti mbeu yovuta imakula ndi yovuta, kuphatikizidwa ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yoberetsera tui. Kudula kwa nsomba kumadulidwa kumayambiriro kwa masika, isanayambe maluwa. Kumapeto kwa nyengo ndi chilimwe, kudula sikunayamikiridwe, monga kambewu kakang'ono kalibe nthawi yoti mizu ikhale yolimba ndipo nkutheka kuti sichidzapulumuka chisanu cha chisanu. Cuttings pa cuttings ndi nthambi zingapo zomwe zili 12-14 masentimita yaitali ndipo pafupifupi 1-1.5 masentimita m'mimba mwake. Mphukira imadulidwa 5 masentimita m'munsi ndikudula pambali ya 45 °. Kenaka, chotsani makungwa pamunsi mwa kudula ndikuchotsani masamba onse ofananira nawo. Maluwa amafunika kukhala pamwamba pa mphukira chabe.
Pambuyo pokonzekera, zidutswazo zimamizidwa mu chidebe ndi madzi kuti asatayike chinyezi. Konzani mphika kubzala cuttings ndipo mudzaze ndi zotsatirazi zosakaniza: mchenga, kompositi / humus ndi vermiculite mofanana. Thirani dothi mu mphika ndikukakamiza pang'ono kuti likhale lolimba. Atagona, nthaka ikhale pafupifupi 3-4 masentimita opanda kanthu. Pangani dzenje pansi ndi ndodo kuti muthe kudula mmenemo.
Pambuyo pokonzekera gawo lapansi, phesi liyenera kuchotsedwa m'madzi ndipo likhale louma kwa kanthawi. Pambuyo pazinthu zobzala izi zimayikidwa muzu wa kukula kokometsa hormoni kwa mphindi zingapo.Kenaka muyenera kuziyika mosamala mu dzenje lopangidwa pansi kuti chokulirakulira sichichotsa pansi pa kudula. Musaiwale kusakaniza nthaka kumapeto ndi kuika mphika pamalo otentha kumene mbeu sizingasokonezedwe ndi zojambula kapena kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha. Tikukudziwitsani ku nsomba ya kumadzulo kwa Smaragd, ndikufotokoza mwachidule za chomera chotchedwa coniferous, chomwe chinaphunzitsidwa kubzala ndikufalitsa ndi cuttings.
Pomalizira, tifuna kukumbukira ubwino waukulu wa thumb:
- Kukana kwa chisanu;
- Kuleza mtima kwa mthunzi;
- Kukaniza mphepo ndi nthaka youma;
- Nthawi ya moyo ndi zaka mazana awiri;
- Kusamalidwa bwino.
Tsopano mukudziwa zomwe Smaragd thuja ndi momwe zingakulire pamunda wamunda.
