Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, kumayambiriro kwa ntchito ndi minda yamaluwa, wamaluwa amamvetsera kwambiri ndikulima ndi kufalitsa mbande za tsabola, eggplant, kabichi komanso, tomato. Pa imodzi mwa mitundu yabwino ya tomato, yomwe imatchedwa "Skorospelka", ndipo tidzakambirana m'nkhani yathu. Tidzatha kumvetsetsa zonse zomwe zimasankha za mbande, kudzilima kumunda, malamulo a feteleza komanso kupewa matenda osiyanasiyana.
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana
Matimati wa phwetekere "Skorospelka" ndi oyambirira ndipo ukhoza kukulira mofanana bwino pamalo otseguka komanso otsekedwa, ndiko kutentha. Kunja, woyimira munda wa munda ali ndi nthambi zapamwamba ndi masamba ambirimbiri a phulusa.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato imafuna kuwonjezereka kwina ndikugwirizanitsa ndi zothandizira zamphamvu, popeza kutalika kwake nthawi zina kumafika mita imodzi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa chakuti subspeciesyi ndi yoyambirira, nambala yochepa ya tomato imakula pa chitsamba chimodzi.
Onani mafotokozedwe ndi zolima za kukula kwa mtundu wa tomato monga "Samara", "Bokele F1", "Kiss of Geranium", "Caspar", "King of Early", "Lyubasha", "Gina", "Aelita Sanka", "Big mayi "," Little Red Riding Hood "," Riddle "," Masha F1 Doll "," Aphrodite f1 "," Labrador "," Bokele "," Alsou "," Ladies Fingers ".
Kawirikawiri kubala ndi zipatso 6-7 pa nthambi. Maluwawo ndi osavuta, omwe amafanana ndi mabelu ang'onoang'ono, amakhala ndi zowala zoyera ndi chikasu. 
Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyanazi ndi:
- Mankhwala opatsa mavitamini opindulitsa, ma microelements ndi mchere mu zipatso zomwe zingathe kudzaza mwangwiro kupanda phindu m'thupi mwathu komanso mu nthawi yochepa kwambiri. Ndi "Skorospelka" yomwe nthawi zambiri imayamba kufika pamasalefu a misika ndi masitolo ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi wamaluwa chifukwa cha malonda.
- Kukaniza kusintha kwa kutentha kwa chikhalidwe cha April ndi May, pamene izi zosiyanasiyana za tomato zimapeza mphamvu ndi kukula.
- Chitetezo chokwanira ku matenda osiyanasiyana, koma sichikumana ndi vutoli chifukwa chakuti ili ndi nthawi yokhwima musanayambe kuoneka ndi kupita patsogolo m'miyezi ya chilimwe.
Zina mwa zofooka za zosiyanasiyana zimaphatikizapo kufunika kokakamiza ndi kumangiriza, komansobe zochepa. 
Mukudziwa? La Tomatina (Spanish: La Tomatina) ndi phwando lapachaka lolemekeza tomato, lomwe lakhala chizindikiro cha mzinda wa Bunol, womwe uli m'dera la Valencia. Phwando ili likuchitika mu makumi awiri a August. Alendo zikwizikwi za alendo ochokera padziko lonse lapansi amagwira nawo ntchito. Zosangalatsa zazikuluzikulu ndi tchuthi ndi "nkhondo ya tomato", kumene anthu amagwiritsa ntchito tomato ngati zida zosavuta.
Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola
Zipatso za phwetekereli zimapsa kale pa tsiku la 85 kuchokera tsiku lofesa mbewu ndikufika pafupifupi 150 g wolemera. Tomato oterewa amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsa, ochepa kwambiri pamapeto. Akakhwima, mbali imodzi ya phwetekere imakhala ndi lalanje, pamene zipatso zonsezo zimakhala zofiira. 
Ndi minofu, yowawa kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina ndikoma pang'ono, ili ndi kukoma kokongola. Matendawa ndi abwino kwambiri, komanso amafomereza madzi a phwetekere ndi kusungidwa.
Zipatso zake sizimatuluka kuchokera kutentha kwapamwamba ndipo zimakhala ndi zizindikiro zabwino zosungirako ndi zoyendetsa, chifukwa siziwongoleratu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo kwa thupi ndi minofu. Ambiri amaonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha zokolola za 5-7 makilogalamu pa 1 sq. Km. Malo okwera.
Mukudziwa? Mudziko muli mitundu yoposa 10,000 ya tomato. Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti kukula kwa zipatso zazing'ono kwambiri kumadutsa 2 cm mamita, ndipo zizindikiro za kulemera kwa tomato zosiyanasiyana nthawi zina zimaposa makilogalamu 1.5.
Kusankhidwa kwa mbande
Ngati simukuwotcha ndi chilakolako chokhala ndi nthawi yambiri yokhala ndi tomato wochokera kumbewu, ndiye kuti malamulo oti musankhesedwe bwino adzakuthandizani:
- Zaka za mbande zisapitirire masiku 60. Njira yabwino kwambiri idzakhala yazing'ono kuyambira masiku 45 kuchokera nthawi yofesa. Muyeneranso kutsogoleredwa ndi lamulo la kubzala mbande za msinkhu umodzi pa bedi limodzi, kuti kukula ndi chitukuko zikhale yunifolomu, chifukwa zomera zomwe zimayandikana zimatetezana ku dzuwa lotentha, ndipo ngati zikukula mosiyana, ndiye kuti chitetezo chachilengedwe sichingagwire ntchito.
- Kutalika kwa mbande sikuyenera kupitirira masentimita 30, ndipo chiwerengero cha masamba chimasiyana pa zidutswa 6-8.
- Tsinde la mbande liyenera kukhala lakuda ndi zotanuka, likhoza kufanizidwa ndi pensulo. Komanso pamtengo, masamba ndi mizu sayenera kuwonongeka. Mbewu iyenera kukhala yofanana ndi mizu yomwe inakhazikitsidwa bwino komanso yokonzeka bwino. Pamaso pa pang'ono chabe mawonekedwe odula kugula mbande sizothandiza.
- Musanagule mbande, mosamala muyang'ane masamba ndi zimayambira poyika tizirombo zosiyanasiyana. Gwiritsani mosamala mosamalitsa kumbuyo kwa masamba ndi kugwirizana kwa nthambi ku mitengo ikuluikulu, chifukwa ndi komweko komwe mungapeze tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Lamulo lomwelo la kuyendera koyambirira likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa masamba omwe ali ndi mabowo pamwamba pawo kapena apotozedwa kapena opunduka. Zolakwitsa zoterezi zimasonyeza momwe dzikoli linakhudzidwira.
- Zomera zonse ziyenera kukhala mabokosi ndi nthaka. Sikoyenera kugula mbande kuchokera kwa wogulitsa amene amawasunga m'matumba, popeza kutsegulira kotereku kumakhudza kwambiri mizu yake, kuteteza kuti mizu ikhale yovuta komanso yofulumira.
Ndikofunikira! Kawirikawiri m'misika amatha kusakhulupirika kwa ogulitsa, kuonjezera kukula kwa mbande zawo mothandizidwa ndi feteleza wochuluka wa nayitrogeni. Posiyanitsa mbande zabwino zoterezi zingakhale zobiriwira kwambiri zobiriwira ndi masamba, zomwe zimatha mkati mwake.Video: momwe mungasankhire phwetekere mbande Kutsogoleredwa ndi izi zofunika malamulo, mukhoza kusankha apamwamba ndi wathanzi phwetekere mbande. Ndizomveka kugula izo m'malo okhazikika. Koma ngakhale mutagula mbande kwa nthawi yoyamba, malingaliro athu adzakuthandizani kupewa kulephera.
Mavuto akukula
Pofuna kulima tomato, m'pofunikira kusunga zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo kuwala koyenera ndi nyengo ya kutentha, ndi kusungunuka kwa chinyezi.
Kuunikira
Si chinsinsi kuti phwetekere ndi wokonda kuwala komanso kutentha kwambiri. Choncho, ikadzakula, lamuloli ndilo: kuwala ndi kowala kwambiri, makamaka mbeuyo ikukula. Ndi chizindikiro cha kutentha cha 14 ... +16 madigiri, tomato mbewu zimayamba kumera, koma kutentha kwambiri ndi 20 ... + madigiri 25.
Panthawi imeneyo, pamene mlingo wa thermometer ukutsikira ku madigiri 10, chitukuko ndi kukula kwa tomato zimachepa kwambiri, ndipo ngati kutentha kumapitirizabe kugwa, ndiye kuti imasiya palimodzi. 
Ngati mlingo wa thermometer wafika ku digiri, ndiye chomera chimamwalira. Kulephera kwa kuwala kumachititsa kutambasula ndi kufooketsa tchire, kumachedwetsa chiyambi cha maluwa ndi fruiting.
Kuwonjezera pa kutentha, chinyezi boma ndi zofunika kukula tomato. Zomwe zimakhala zothandiza komanso zowonongeka kwa phwetekere "Rapia" zidzakhala mthunzi wa 45-60%, ndipo chinyezi cha nthaka chiyenera kusiyana ndi 65 mpaka 75%. Zikatero, kukula ndi kukula kwa phwetekere kudzakhala njira yabwino kwambiri.
Feteleza
Kuberekanso kwa chivundikiro cha nthaka kumakhudza kwambiri mapangidwe a phwetekere mtsogolo, chifukwa gawo la mkango lopindulitsa kwambiri ndi mavitamini limachotsedwa m'nthaka.
Kudyetsa tomato motere:
- Panthawi yopanga mizu, m'pofunikira kuwonjezera phosphorous m'nthaka pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wapadera.
- Kenaka, panthawi yopanga chipatso, phosphorous iyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi potaziyamu, zomwe zidzathandiza kuti maluwa azifulumizitsa, zipatso zakucha ndi kukula kwa mbewu kumatsutsa matenda.
- Makamaka ayenera kulipidwa ndi feteleza a nitrojeni, omwe muyenera kusamala kwambiri ndikutsatira mlingo umene mwauzidwa. Kuwonjezera kokwanira kwa nayitrojeni kumakhudza kwambiri phwetekere: kukula kumachepetsanso, masamba adzasintha kapena ngakhale kugwa, ndipo zipatso zidzakhala zochepa komanso zopanda kanthu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zokhudzana ndi nayitrojeni zambiri m'nthaka zimapangitsa kukula kwakukulu kwa mimba ndi zimayambira, zomwe zidzatengera zokolola zochepa komanso zochepa pang'onopang'ono.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuwerengera za mtundu wa nthaka yomwe ilipo, momwe mungathandizire kubereka kwa nthaka, momwe mungadziwire okha kukhala acidity wa nthaka pamalowa, komanso momwe mungasokonezere nthaka.
Dothi la sandy ndi loamy limaonedwa kuti ndibwino kwambiri kwa tomato zosiyanasiyana, kumene pH mtengo umasiyana pakati pa 5-6. Muzochitika zoterezo, kukolola kucha kumayamba kusonkhana pa tsiku la 30 mutatha maluwa. 
Oyambirira
Ngati tikulankhula za zotsatila za tomato, zomwe zimakula pa malo otsiriza nyengo, ndiye zabwino kwambiri ndi kabichi, nkhaka ndi mitundu yonse ya nyemba, zomwe zimakula motseguka ndi kutenthedwa ndi zidutswa za dzuwa.
Ndikofunikira! Mbatata ndizotsatila zosavomerezeka kwa zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana za tomato. Muyeneranso kuleka kubzala kwa mbande pafupi ndi mbatata. Chinthu chake ndi chakuti tomato ndi mbatata ndizo za banja la Solanaceae, choncho matenda ndi tizirombo awo ndi ofanana. Kuyika mbewu pafupi ndi iwe kumawaika pangozi yowonjezera, chifukwa ngati mbatata imagunda, tomato amatha kugunda, ndipo mosiyana.
Kuyamba kubzala mbewu zobiriwira, monga nandolo, zidzathandiza kwambiri kukula ndi kukula kwa tomato. Iyenera kufesedwa m'dzinja mpaka kumapeto kwa October. M'chaka cha masiku khumi ndi awiri (10-15) musanayambe kugwira ntchito ndi mbande, nyemba zobiriwira ziyenera kutchetchedwa, kuzidulidwa ndi prikopat m'nthaka. Kotero inu muwonjezera manyowa malowa ndi zonse zofunika zofunikira.
Kukonzekera mbewu ndi kubzala
Nkhani yoyamba ndi yofunika pochita ndi mbewu ndi kukonzekera kwawo ndi kukonzekera nthawi yobzala.
Kukonzekera Mbewu
Nthanga za phwetekere zikhoza kufesedwa pomuwonekedwe owuma komanso pambuyo poyambira.
Poyamba, mungagwiritse ntchito njira zotsatirazi:
- Mmalo mwa madzi osavuta, ndibwino kuti muzitsitsa mbeu muzowonjezera potassium permanganate (manganese ore pampoto wa mpeni madzi okwanira 1 litre). Potaziyamu permanganate idzatulutsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Njira yothetsera phulusa imaonedwa ngati yowonjezera yowonjezereka kumera pamene piritsi 2 ya phulusa imathetsedwa mu lita imodzi ya madzi otentha ndipo yasiyidwa kuti iime kwa masiku awiri.
- Ngati zimakuvuta kupeza phulusa, mungagwiritse ntchito makonzedwe apadera omwe amagulitsidwa m'masitolo ogulitsa ndi pa intaneti. Zidzakhala bwino kugwiritsa ntchito "Fitosporin-M", panthawi imodzimodziyo kukonzanso kumera ndikuwonjezereka chitetezo cha phwetekere motsutsana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Ngati mutenga nyembazo "Fitosporin-M", ndiye kuti sangathe kulowa mu potassium permanganate.
Tikufika pa mbande
Pofuna kudziwa nthawi yomwe pakufunika kubzala mbewu za tomato pa mbande, mungagwiritse ntchito njira zotsatirazi:
- Chiyambi chake chidzakhala nthawi yoyenera kubzala mbande yomaliza. Zambiri zimadalira dera lomwe mumakhalamo, kaya mumagwiritsa ntchito wowonjezera kutentha kapena mwamsanga mumayika mbande pamtunda, komanso nthawi yomwe imayambira (kumayambiriro kapena mochedwa), komanso pazinthu zina.
- Gawo lotsatira lidzakhala kuchotsa pa tsiku loyambirirali la zaka zapakati pa mbande: masiku 40-50 kwa mitundu yoyambirira.
- Ndiyeneranso kudula masiku ena asanu ndi limodzi asanu ndi limodzi (5-6) kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito poyamera mbewu. Mukuchita izi, muyenera kukumbukira za kutentha kwabwino, zomwe siziyenera kugwera m'munsimu + madigiri 24. Zotsatira zake, mumatha tsiku limene muyenera kufesa.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge momwe mungasankhire nthawi yoyenera yobzala mbande za phwetekere, komanso momwe mungamere ndikulima mbewu za phwetekere.
Koma ngati mutatsimikiza kuti tsikulo silidziwika bwino (ndiko kuti, tsiku loyembekezeredwa lidzatambasulidwa kwa sabata kapena awiri), ndiye bwino kuyembekezera pang'ono, chifukwa zimadziwika kuti mbande zowonjezereka zimayamba kuwonjezeka kwambiri m'malo atsopano. 
Sankhani ndi kumera
Monga chidebe chofesa mbande ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mabokosi ang'onoang'ono kapena zida za pulasitiki (kawirikawiri, zida zamakudya zili zoyenera). Kuleka kusankha pamoto wam'mbuyo sikuli koyenera. Panopa pa tsiku la 15-21, mbande za tomato zikhoza kugwedezeka pansi.
Pa kubzala, tomato ayenera kuikidwa m'manda ndi masamba a pritenite kuchokera ku dzuwa pawindo kwa masiku angapo kuti mphukira ikhoza kusintha pambuyo pa kuika.
Werengani zambiri zokhudza momwe mungasankhire tomato molondola mukamera.
Kuti bwino kumera kwa phwetekere kunyumba, muyenera kupanga malo abwino, omwe, poyamba, kutentha. Choncho, masana muyenera kusungira kutentha kwa 20+ + madigiri 25, ndipo usiku malo osachepera adzakhala madigiri olemera.
Video: Kukolola phwetekere Ngati kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kuli mitambo, ndiye kuti masana sangakhale okwanira, choncho muyenera kuwonjezera maluwa ndi nyali za fulorosenti, chifukwa tomato ndi ofunika kwambiri komanso okonda kutentha.
Kuthirira mbande
Kuthirira mbande kuyenera kuchitidwa moyenera, chifukwa madzi okwanira ochulukirapo angapangitse kuphulika ndi chitukuko cha matenda ngati msoza wakuda. Nthawi zonse dikirani nthawi yomwe chivundikiro cha nthaka chikufota, ndiye kuti madzi okwanira amatha.
Malamulo ofanana amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku feteleza zosiyanasiyana. Iwo sayenera kuchitiridwa nkhanza, chifukwa kugula kwa nthaka kumakhala ndi zakudya zonse zofunika, choncho simungathe kupanga feteleza yowonjezera. Kumbukirani kuti micronutrients ndi mavitamini opindulitsa kwambiri ndi owopsa ngati kusowa.
Onetsetsani kuti mbande zimawoneka zathanzi, tsinde ndi lamphamvu, masamba ndi amphamvu ndi minofu, mtundu wobiriwira wakuda. Ngati zizindikiro zonsezi zikuchitika, ndiye kuti palibe feteleza phwetekere. 
Ndikofunikira! Yambani kuumitsa mbande, kukonzekera kuti mubzalidwe poyera, muyenera kupita patsogolo, pafupi masabata awiri kapena awiri musanachitike. Pamene thermometer idzawonetsa madigiri 10+, mukhoza kutenga mbande panja. Ndibwino kuti musankhe malo a dzuwa kuti muumitse mbande, kuti zomera zachinyamata zizolowere kuwala kwa dzuwa, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kwa iwo.
Kusamalira ndi kusamalira
Kuti musamalire bwino tomato, muyenera kusintha madzi okwanira, kudyetsa, kupalira mbewu, kudziwa malamulo a zomangiriza, mapiri komanso njira zothetsera matenda ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
Feteleza
Monga feteleza, mungagwiritse ntchito mtundu uliwonse wapadera wosakaniza: pakhale potaziyamu ndi phosphorous mwa iwo kuposa nitrogeni. Manyowa oterewa sangagwiritsidwe ntchito kamodzi pamodzi pa milungu iwiri iliyonse, ndipo osachepera katatu pa nyengo. 
Mukhozanso kutulutsa mphukira za zitowe za nkhuku zitasungunuka m'madzi. Ngati tilankhula za feteleza zamchere, ndiye kuti phindu liyenera kulipidwa ndi zosakaniza zomwe zimaphatikizapo boron ndi magnesium (mwachitsanzo, mungagwiritse ntchito yankho la boric acid lomwe limakonzedwa mlingo wa 1 g pa lita imodzi).
Kumangirira
Gawo lina lofunika poyang'anira tomato lidzakhala nthawi yochera. Opaleshoniyi iyenera kuchitika kale pamene chomeracho chinapeza mphamvu ndikuponya kunja masamba 6-7, kutanthauza kuti, mwamsanga mutatha kuika pansi.
Zingakhale zothandiza kuti muwerenge momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito tomato potsegula pansi komanso mumtundu wobiriwira.
Izi zikhoza kuchitika m'njira ziwiri:
- tangirizani chitsamba chilichonse kumtunda wosiyana, womwe umayendetsedwa pamtunda wa masentimita 10 kuchokera ku tsinde la kumpoto;
- gwiritsani ntchito trellis, yomwe imaphatikizansopo posungirako nsanamira, pakati pa waya womwe watambasula.
Njira yachiwiri ndi yosavuta komanso yosavuta, chifukwa zomera zimamangirizidwa ku trellis awiri awiri awiri palimodzi. Choncho, ndime yomwe ili pakati pa mizere imamasulidwa, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mukolole mosavuta.
Zomwe anakumana nazo wamaluwa amanena kuti pamene zingwe ndi trellis nthawi zambiri, zipatso za tomato ndi zazikulu kuposa pamene zimangokhala womangirira.
Hilling ya tomato iyenera kuchitika 2-3 nthawi pa nyengo, ndipo kupalira ndi kuchotsa namsongole kuyenera kuchitidwa nthawi zonse kuchokera pa nthawi yomweyo yobzala pamalo otseguka mpaka munda utabzalidwa.
Mukudziwa? Chifukwa cha kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi World Health Organisation, anapeza kuti nthawi zonse amadya tomato, madzi a tomato atsopano, madzi a phwetekere, zamchere komanso ketchup, komanso masupu ena omwe amachokera ku zipatso zofiira amachepetsa kwambiri kuthekera koyamba ndi chitukuko cha khansa. .Video: tomato ndi tomato
Masking
Kupeza kumachitika patatha sabata mutabzala mbande mutseguka. Malingana ndi mawonekedwe a chitsamba chomwe mukufuna kulenga, mbali zonse zazing'ono zimachotsedwa musanafike kutalika kwa masentimita 3-4. Ngati ndondomekoyo yayitali, kuchotsedwa kwake kungayambitse zotsatira zosautsa komanso kufa kwa mbewu.
Kuthirira tomato mutabzala
Pothirira kuthirira, tomato safunikira kupanga madzi ochuluka kwambiri. Chiŵerengero chabwino kwambiri chiyenera kukhala kuwamwa kamodzi pa sabata ngati kuli chilala, komanso nthawi zambiri ngati mvula imagwa.
Dziwani ngati n'zotheka kukula tomato popanda kuthirira, komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito madzi ndi tomato panja ndi kutentha.
Pambuyo kuthirira kulikonse, muyenera kuyembekezera mpaka mpweya wosanjikiza utengedwa ndi kutumphuka, ndiyeno nkutheka kuti dothi likhale lozungulira palimodzi kuti mupewe kupanga mapangidwe a "miyala", yomwe ingasokoneze tsinde ndi mizu. 
Njira yothandiza kwambiri ndiyo kuthirira ulimi wothirira, pamene madzi ang'onoang'ono amakhalapo pansi pa zomera. Ndi kudya madzi kotero, tomato oyambirira amatulutsa zipatso zochepa, ndipo zipatso zake zimakhala zonunkhira komanso zotsekemera.
Matenda ndi kupewa tizilombo
Tomato ndi gawo la mbewu za m'munda, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri tizilombo zambiri, komanso zimadwala matenda ambiri. Mfundo yolakwika imeneyi sinadutsepo ndi "Skorospelka" yosiyanasiyana.
Muyenera kukhala ndi chidwi chowerenga momwe mungagwirire ndi matenda owopsa ndi tizirombo ta tomato.
M'munsimu muli mndandanda wa matenda ofala kwambiri a tomato komanso njira zomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito nawo.
- Strick. Zimasiyana ndi kuti zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa zimapotoka ndi zouma masamba, zipatso zonse ndi maluwa zimagwa, ndipo nthawizina zomera zimamwalira. Pofuna kuteteza kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa kuti asapatsire phwetekere, iyenera kubzalidwa pamalo otentha komanso kutali ndi zomera zina za banja la Solanaceae.
- Zowonongeka bwino. Masamba apansi anayamba kutembenukira chikasu, owuma ndi kugwa. Mutha kuwona kupotoza kwa masamba ndi kutha kwa kukula kwa zomera, koma imfa sizimachitika. Kupewa kungakhale koyambitsa nthawi ndi kuchotsedwa kwa zotsalira zonse za zomera (kuphatikizapo namsongole). Ngati zilonda zoterezi zikuchitika, zomera zowonongeka ziyenera kuchotsedwa kuti zisawonongeke.
- Ming'alu pamwamba pa tomato ndi chifukwa cha chinyezi chochuluka, makamaka ngati chisanafike chilalacho chisanachitike. Ming'alu ndi owopsa chifukwa cha zilonda zamtunduwu zomwe zimayambitsa kuvunda. Kusunga zipatso zomwe mukufunikira kuti mupange madzi okwanira nthawi zonse.
- Kuwonongeka kochedwa. Mabala ambirimbiri ofiira a zilonda zam'mimba amaonekera pa thupi lonse la chomera, ndipo mabala oyera amavala pansi pa masamba. Kupewa phytophthora: Kutenga nthawi yeniyeni ndi kulemekeza malamulo oyandikana nawo (sangathe kubzalidwa pafupi ndi mbatata ndi Nightshade). Panthawi ya matenda, tomato onse amathiridwa ndi mankhwala "Chosemphana", ndipo patatha sabata, "Chingwe". Kuchokera ku mankhwala amtunduwu kumathandiza kulowetsedwa kwa adyo (5 wosweka cloves pa madzi okwanira 1 litre).
- Fomoz. Zipatso za phwetekere zimakhudzidwa ndi madontho akuluakulu ofiirira mpaka 3-4 masentimita awiri. Malo okhudzidwawo akuwoneka kuti ndi concave, chifukwa njira zowonjezera zimadutsa mkati mwa phwetekere. Matendawa amachititsa kuti chinyezi chisawonongeke. Ngati matendawa apezeka, zipatso zowonongeka zimachotsedwa ndipo zitsamba zimaphatikizidwa ndi makina a Khom, Oksikh kapena Bordeaux.
Mukudziwa? Chinsinsi cha kuthirira tomato, chomwe chidzachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa chiwopsezo ndi matenda, komanso kuonjezera kukula kwake, ndiko kuwonjezera phulusa lochepa phulusa. Ndipo pansi-nthaka ya nthaka kuzungulira tsinde pa mlingo wa ochepa ochepa pa 1 sq. m
- Bakiteriya kuona. Masamba (atadulidwa ndi madontho aang'ono ofiira) ndi zipatso (zikuluzikulu zimapweteka mdima wandiweyani, zomwe zimakhala zowala kwambiri) zimakhudzidwa. Kuwononga kwathunthu kwa mbewu. Processing ikuchitika ndi yankho la Bordeaux osakaniza, mkuwa sulfate. Kupewa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza panthawi yake, yomwe imaphatikizapo mkuwa ndi nitrojeni. Zotsamba zowonongeka zimachotsedwa.
- Msolo wakuda. Matendawa ndi ofala pakati pa mbande ndi zomera zazing'ono. Pansi pa zimayambira zimaphimbidwa ndi mawanga wakuda, ndipo zomera zimalira. Tomato ayenera kuthiriridwa moyenera. Pofuna kupewa, tchire tingathe kutsukidwa ndi njira yothetsera potassium permanganate (1-1.5 g wa nkhani youma pa 10 malita a madzi).
- Whitefly. Tizilomboti, omwe dzina lake limafotokozera bwino maonekedwe ake, limaphatikizapo zobiriwira za phwetekere ndi zobisika, chifukwa cha nkhungu zomwe zimayamba kukula, chifukwa chitsamba chimakhala chakuda ndi kufa. Tikukulimbikitsani kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mankhwala "Confidor".
- Slugs Kuwononga tsambali, kumathandiza kuoneka kovunda pa chipatso. Kupewera pogwiritsa ntchito phulusa, fumbi kapena fodya, womwe umakhetsedwa pansi pa tsinde.
- Kangaude mite Atalumikiza masambawo ndi mabubu, amamwa madzi akumwa, zomwe zimawathandiza kuyanika ndi kufa kwa mbewu. Polimbana, gwiritsani ntchito "Karbofos" kapena mankhwala owerengeka ngati mawonekedwe a adyo kulowetsedwa.
- Medvedka. Amawononga mizu, zomwe zimapangitsa imfa ya phwetekere. Pakuti nkhondoyo inagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi "Thunder" kapena mankhwala ochizira mofanana ndi mankhwala owawasa otsekemera ndi vinyo wosasa.
- Wireworm. Mphungu yonyezimirayi imadya mizu ya phwetekere, nthawi zambiri imayambira mu tsinde. Pofuna kuthetsa kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa "Basudin".
- Kuwombera. Mbozi iyi yamdima wakuda kapena yakuda imayambitsa tsamba la masamba ndi zimayambira za tomato. Powagonjetsa, tomato amathiridwa ndi Strela.
Kukolola ndi kusungirako
Malinga ndi cholinga chomwe mukufuna kukolola tomato, zokolola ndi zofiira, pinki, zachikasu, zobiriwira kapena zakuda (mtundu umadalira kukula msinkhu).
Choncho, nyemba zofiira za "Skorospelka" zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chakudya, pokonzekera masamba a saladi, kumanga madzi a phwetekere ndi pasitala, komanso kukonzekera tomato zamzitini.
Mitundu yonseyi imatha kuchapidwa, yomwe imapanganso moyo wawo wa alumali (ndi wamtengo wapatali kuposa wa tomato). Palinso mitundu yobiriwira, mkaka ndi pinki yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poti salting mu maphikidwe osiyanasiyana.
Matato oyambirira a mitundu iyi adzawoneka kale pa tsiku la 80 mpaka 90 kuchokera tsiku lofesa mbewu. Masambawa ayenera kusungidwa mu pulasitiki kapena mabokosi a matabwa, motsogoleredwa ndi ulamuliro wa osapitirira 12 kg mu chotengera chimodzi. 
Sungani "Rapid" ndi minofu ndi zotanuka, choncho tomato sagwedezeka mabokosi ndipo nthawi yayitali adzasunga mawonekedwe awo oyambirira. Komabe, musayiwale za zokolola zomwe zakolola kale. Matendawa ayenera kudyedwa kapena kukonzedwa mkati sabata lotsatira kuyambira tsiku limene amanyamulidwa pa kama.
Werengani zambiri za momwe mungasunge tomato ndi kuti mungasunge bwanji, bwanji osamatira tomato m'firiji.
Kutenga izi zosiyanasiyana tomato ndi kophweka, chifukwa sizitsamwitsa ndipo musalole madzi chifukwa cha makhalidwe awo. Chinthu chokha chomwe chiyenera kuganiziridwa musanayambe kuika tomato m'bokosi ndiko kuyendera kwa makina komanso tizilombo towononga. Ngati zidziwika, mwana wosabadwayo sangathe kuikidwa mu bokosi limodzi ndi ena.
Zingakhale bwino kupatula zipatso ndi zochepa kuti zikhale zoyamba kudyedwa kapena kukonzedweratu, ndipo zokhazokha, zowonjezereka komanso zowonjezera kutumizidwa kuti zisungidwe nthawi yaitali. Malo abwino osungirako akhoza kukhala malo amdima ndi ozizira omwe chipinda chapansi kapena chipinda chingakhale. 
Ndikofunikira! Simungathe kusunga tomato m'chipinda chokhala ndi chinyezi chachikulu, chifukwa chidzathandiza kuti maonekedwe a fungal ndi zowonjezera zikhale zowonongeka. Ngati mutasunga tomato m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena chipinda chosungiramo katundu, ndiye kuti mupatseni mpweya wokwanira, mwachitsanzo, mwa kutsegula zitseko.
Tsopano mukudziwa zonse zowonjezereka za kukula, kuteteza ndi kusonkhanitsa tomato zosiyanasiyana za Skorospelka. Chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake, mu June mudzatha kusangalala ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera, amchere ndi onunkhira, panthawi imodzimodziyo kukhutiritsa thupi lanu ndi mavitamini osiyanasiyana opindulitsa, minerals ndi kufufuza zinthu.
