Karoti, yomwe timakonda kugwiritsira ntchito popanga, sayansi imatchedwa "Karoti yofesedwa."
Awa ndi subspecies ya karoti wam'tchire, chomera chaka chazaka ziwiri.
Pafupifupi zaka 4000 zapitazo, kaloti zinkayambidwa koyamba ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chakudya.
Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, mizu imeneyi yakhala mbali yambiri ya zakudya zomwe zakonzedwa m'nyumba zamakono.
Kaloti akhala atakula kale chifukwa cha mafakitale, ndipo zokolola zingafanane ndi zomwe timakonda masamba - mbatata.
Muzu umenewu, zonsezi zimawoneka bwino komanso zinthu zambiri zothandiza, monga carotene, mavitamini B, PP, K, C ndi zina zambiri zomwe zimafunikira anthu.
Pali njira ziwiri zomwe mungabwerere kaloti - masika kapena autumn. Zokambirana zonsezi ndizosavuta komanso zosavuta, koma kudyetsa kwa m'dzinja kumafuna khama lalikulu pofufuza malo abwino ndi chitetezo cha mbewu zofesedwa m'nyengo yozizira.
Mukamabzala m'dzinja, muyenera kuganiza za kusankha malo abwino, popeza kulibe malo osungira, komanso palibenso zolakwika kuchokera ku dothi lonse lapansi. Mavuto oterewa pa nthawi ya kubzala sikudzawuka, chifukwa panthawi imeneyi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha sikudzakhala koopsa kwambiri kwa mbewu.
Pakati pa kasupe kulima kaloti, m'pofunika kuyika malo a dzuwa pabedi kumene mbatata, tomato, anyezi, nandolo kapena kabichi anali atakula kale.
Simungathe kuponyera mbewu pamene parsley kapena sorelo amakula.
Pa nthawi yabwino yobzala, ndi zofunika kuti tiganizire pa theka lachiwiri la masika. Ngati mukulimbana ndi mitundu yambiri ya kaloti, ndiye kuti kuyambira pa theka la mwezi wa April mukhoza kudzala masamba awa.
Kwenikweni, zonsezi zimadalira nyengo ya dera, choncho muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kutentha kunja. Kaloti ndi chikhalidwe chosazizira, chifukwa mbewu zake zidzakula ngakhale pa 4 ... + 6 ° С, koma osati pa chisanu cha -4 ° S.
Ngati mukufuna kudzala kaloti m'chaka, ndiye kuti malowa ayenera kukonzekera kugwa. Ndikofunika kuti mukhale wabwino kukumba chiwembupamene kupanga zonse ndi organic feteleza feteleza.
Pafupifupi 10 g wa urea, 30 g wa superphosphate ndi 15 g wa potaziyamu mchere ayenera kukhala pafupifupi pa unit unit. Chimene sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi manyowa atsopano, chifukwa zipatso zidzasinthidwa mwamphamvu, zomwe ndi nthambi.
Muyeneranso kukhala osamala ndi nitrojeni, chifukwa mizu imeneyi imatha kusonkhanitsa nitrates. Choncho kaloti adzakhala poizoni kwambiri kuposa masamba othandiza. Monga feteleza wa organic akulimbikitsidwa Gwiritsani ntchito humus, peat ndi phulusa.
Mabedi ndi ofunikira kukonzekera kugwa, ndiye kumapeto kwa nyengo adzafunika kutsitsimutsidwa pang'ono potsegula. Pakati pa mabedi oyandikana ayenera kukhala osachepera 20 cm.
Kukhazikitsa mbewu ya karoti sikumera mbande, koma poyenda ndi kuuma. Musanati mudzaze mbewu zonse ndi madzi, amafunika kuzungulira pakati pa palmu kuti athetse villi yomwe imakwirira mbewu zonse.
Pamene njirayi yatha, mungathe ikani mbewu mmadzi kutentha kwapakati kwa maola 24. Madzi akangokhala mdima, amafunika kusintha, ndipo izi ziyenera kubwerezedwa nthawi zisanu mpaka 6 mpaka madzi atuluke.
Amaloledwanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zofunikira, zomwe ndizo zothetsera vutoli, momwe mbeu imayenera kuwedzeredwa. Pamene chodzala chimawotupa, chiyenera kuuma kuti chikhale chosasunthika ndi phulusa ndi choko kuti ziwonekere.
Pofuna kupeza mbande zopitilira ndi kukolola koyamba, mbeu imatha kuumitsidwa, yomwe ili kumanzere kuti ikhale pamalo ndi kutentha kwa 0 ° C musanayambe kupuma.
Pofuna kukula, alimi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito peat wosasakaniza peat, womwe umasakanizidwa ndi mbewu ndikuyika kutentha kwa masiku asanu ndi awiri. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuyang'anira chinyezi cha chisakanizo ndi kuchuluka kwake, kuti mpweya uziperekanso kwa mbewu zonse. Kufesa mbewu zoterezi ziyenera kupangidwa ndi peat.
Pali njira zambiri zobzala karoti mbewu.
Choyamba, chophweka, ndi kufesa kosavuta, kutsegula mbeu ya mpendadzuwa mu mizere m'mabedi.
Njira yachiwiri ndi kufesa matepi. Kuti muchite izi, mukhoza kugula mbewu zokonzedwa bwino pamapepala, kapena mukhoza kumangiriza nyembazo pamapepala okhala ndi gulula.
Ndi kubzala kotere, nthakayo iyenera kusungunuka bwino, chifukwa nthanga za nthiti sizingatheke. Mphindi pakati pa mbewu zoyenera ziyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 4 kapena 5. Pali njira imodzi yokhayo yomwe imakhala ndi njirayi - mbeu zotere zimamera nthawi yaitali kuposa nthawi zonse.
Komanso pali mbewu ya granulated. Izi ndi granules, mkati mwake muli mbewu ya karoti wamoyo. Pakati pa nyembayi mumapangika chipolopolo cha gel osakaniza, chomwe chidzadzaza ndi chinyezi.
Mbewu zotere zidzapatsidwa zakudya zambiri kwa nthawi yaitali, choncho zimera mofulumira. Kuzama kwa kubzala kwa njira iliyonse yobweretsera sikuyenera kukhala oposa 2 mpaka 3 cm.
Kumapeto kwa kufesa, dzikolo liyenera kuikidwa ndi mulch wothira komanso mopanda madzi. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti mtunda wambiri padziko lapansi usapangidwe pamwamba pa nthaka, zomwe zingalepheretse kupeza mpweya kwa mbewu.
Zinsinsi za karoti chisamaliro
- Kuthirira
- Kupaka pamwamba
- Kupalira
- Chitetezo
Chofunika kwambiri pa kuthirira kaloti ndiko kusunga unyolo wa dothi lofananamo nthawi yonse ya kukula.
Izi sizikutanthauza kuti madzi ogona ayenera kutsanulidwa mofanana. Muyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yowonjezera kuti mutenge chinyezi pansi, kuti zipatso zisamavutike chifukwa cha kuphwanya madzi.
Simungathe kudzaza mabedingati simunamwe madzi kwa nthawi yaitali, chifukwa zipatso zidzangowonongeka - zidzasokonekera ndi kugwa.
Ngati nyengo yowuma panja, ndiye kuti madzi okwanira 3 pa sabata limodzi ndi chidebe chache pa mita imodzi ndi imodzi yokwanira. Ngati mvula imagwa pamsewu, ndiye kuti madzi okwanirawo adzakwanira.
Pakapita nthawi zomera zimakhala pansi, madzi omwe amafunikira kwambiri. Choncho, pakangotha nyengo yonse yakucha, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zocheperachepera 1 pa sabata, ndipo voliyumu iyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku chidebe chimodzi pa mita imodzi.
Ngati musanayambe kukula kwa zipatso, pali masabata pafupifupi atatu kapena 4 otsalira, ndiye kuti zidebe ziwiri za madzi ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa gawo limodzi la mabedi.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za kukula katsitsumzukwa.
Pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza panthawi yokonzekera nthaka, nthawi yokolola ingapezeke popanda kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza panthawi ya kulima. Koma kudyetsa 2 mpaka 3 kwa nyengo yonse yolima kumangopindulitsa, ngati, ndithudi, kuchuluka kwake kwachitika.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, zomera zimatha kudyetsedwa mwezi umodzi mutabzala mbewu. Ndiye muyenera kusakaniza supuni 1 ya nitrophoska ndi 10 malita a madzi ndikutsanulira kaloti ndi osakaniza.
Chachiwiri kudyetsa n'kotheka kokha masabata awiri mutatha. Njira yotsatira ya feteleza iyenera kugwirizana ndi masiku oyambirira a August.
Ndiye nthawi zambiri potaziyamu, zomwe zingapangitse chipatso kukhala chokoma, komanso kufulumizitsa njira yakucha. Njira yabwino ndiyi kuwonjezera kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa kumadzi kwa ulimi wothirira. Koma izi zikhoza kuchitika kokha poyambira pa gawo lachiwiri la zomera.
Kupukuta ndi kusamba kumathandiza kwambiri pa nkhani ya kukula kaloti, chifukwa zomera zomwe zimakhala zazikulu zimakula ndikuthandizana kuti zikule.
Kuwonjezera apo, namsongole akukula m'munda angathenso kukhala ndi moyo kuchokera muzu wa mbewu.
Pamene chomera chilichonse chikhala ndi masamba 1 - 2, tchire lokhazikika liyenera kuchotsedwa.
Ndikoyenera kubwereza njirayi pamene kutalika kwa nsonga kufika pa masentimita 10. Kuti mutulutse bwino zomera, bedi liyenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ambiri.
Kuperekera kumaphatikizapo kuchotsedwa kwa namsongole.
Ambiri tizirombo wa kaloti ndi karoti chigamba tsamba, aphid ndi karoti ntchentche.
Tizilombo tingathe kuwononga kwambiri mbewu, kotero zomera zimayenera kutetezedwa mosamala ku zotsatira zake.
Kukonzekera kwa mankhwala kungapezeke mu sitolo iliyonse yaulimi. Mankhwala ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mosamala kwambiri, kutsatira malangizo.
Ngakhale ngati ndinu woyang'anira minda yachangu, karotiyo idzakhala imodzi mwazimene mukuzidziwa mukukula mbewu zosiyana.
Zimakhala zovuta kupanga zolakwika pakulima kaloti, makamaka ngati zonsezi zili pamwambapa. Tuluka ndipo usachite manyazi. Bwino.
