Mahatchi a mtundu wa Bashkir: makhalidwe, ubwino ndi kuipa

Poganizira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mahatchi, munthu sangathe kumvetsera koma amamvera mahatchi a Bashkir, omwe kuyambira kale akhala akutumikira munthu. Ali ndi zinyama zotani, ndi ubwino wanji zomwe ayenera kudziwa ndikuzisamalira - tikukuuzani m'nkhaniyi.

Chiyambi cha mtunduwu

Kukula kwa mtunduwu kumabwerera kumbuyo zaka mazana ambiri, ndipo m'mitsempha ya oimira magazi imayenda kuchokera ku mahatchi akumidzi a Bashkiria ndi zinyama zomwe mafuko osakhalitsa a ku Turks adadutsa m'madera ake. Iwo anali otchuka kwambiri mu zaka za XVII-XVIII. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mtundu wamakono wa Bashkir ndiwo njira yapakati pakati pa mahatchi a steppe ndi nkhalango, omwe anapangidwa opanda munthu. Kusankhidwa kwa nyama zakuthambo ku nyengo yoopsa ya dziko lapansi kwakhala chifukwa chachikulu cha kupirira kwakukulu ndi kufanana kwa mahatchi awa.

Mukudziwa? Mu 1971, Achimereka anabweretsa nthumwi zingapo za akavalo a Bashkir kupita ku mayiko ndipo analembetsa mtundu wawo komweko - mphete ya American Bashkir.

Kufotokozera ndi Zochitika

Mahatchi a Bashkir adzakondedwa ndi okonda nyama zamphamvu ndi zolemekezeka, zomwe ziri zoyenerera mofanana kwa ulimi ndi ntchito zina.

Maonekedwe

Kunja kwa mahatchi a Bashkir kumawapangitsa kukhala owonekera kwambiri komanso osamvetsetsa motsutsana ndi mbiri ya achibale awo ambiri. Nyama zimenezi zimakhala ndi thupi lamphamvu, loponyedwa pansi, lochepa komanso lokhazikika. Miyendo ndi yochepa, koma yamphamvu kwambiri, ziboda ndizolimba komanso zamphamvu, choncho mtolo siwofunikira.

Pakhomo pang'onopang'ono ndi lakuda, mutu umayimilira ndi mphumi waukulu komanso mawonekedwe owongoka. Zimapangika kwambiri. Ponena za magawo enieni a thupi, ndi awa:

• Mahatchi, monga nthawi zonse, ndi aakulu kuposa mares ndipo pamene munthu wamkulu akhoza kulemera makilogalamu 450-470;
• Azimayi amadzichepetsa kwambiri mu zizindikiro izi ndipo amafika 400-420 makilogalamu okha;
• Kutalika kwazitali kumafota - 1.38-1.45 m, ndipo chifuwa girth ndi pafupifupi 1.67-1.75 m;
• kutalika kwa thunthu ndi pafupifupi 143-147 masentimita.

Tsitsi la nyama limapindika pang'ono, ndipo izi zimawoneka bwino m'nyengo yozizira, pamene mahatchi amakhala okongola kwambiri, ndipo kutalika kwa tsitsi kulifupika.

Ndikofunikira! Chifukwa cha zinthu zoterezi, anthu onse a mtunduwo amalekerera mosavuta madontho a kutentha, mpaka -40 ° C, ndipo ngakhale kutentha kwakukulu kwa chisanu sikudzakhala vuto kwa iwo.

Maonekedwe a mane ndi mchira amasinthika chaka chonse: m'nyengo ya chilimwe amayamba kuchepa kwambiri, ndipo poyamba kuzizira, tsitsi limakula kachiwiri.

Zotsatira

Mbalame ya malaya a mahatchi a Bashkir akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri: ofiira, ofiira, ofiira, imvi ndi ngakhale Chubar, ndipo mitundu yonse ya savors ndi mikwingwirima ndi cremello gene sikunatchulidwe. Pambuyo pake, dun ndi mtundu wa solo amaonedwa kukhala ofunika kwambiri.

Makhalidwe

Mahatchi a Bashkir akhala akusiyana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe chokhazikika mtima, komanso ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, ndiye kuti n'zotheka kulera nyama zabwino ndi zokhulupirika zomwe nthawi zonse zimakonzeka kugwirizana ndi mwini wawo.

Kulingalira mahatchi awa sikungotenge nthawi yambiri, chifukwa amasonyeza kuphunzitsa bwino, kudzipatulira komanso kugwira bwino ntchito. Pofuna kulimbikitsa adiresi ake, wothandizira amatha kumulandira maapulo atsopano, kaloti kapena shuga, zomwe zimawonedwa ndi zinyama ngati zokoma.

Ndikofunikira! Mahatchi a Bashkir sali wamanyazi. Iwo sangatseke msewu pamene akumana ndi galimoto kapena matakitala ndipo sangathe kuthawa phokoso lamwano la salutes kapena zovuta zina.

Ngati mwiniyo akufuna, mahatchi akhoza kuphunzitsidwa kukwera, koma maphunziro ofulumira amayamba ndi nyama yaing'ono, yomwe idzakhala yopindulitsa kwambiri.

Zabwino ndi zamwano

Nthendayi iliyonse ili ndi ubwino wake ndi ubwino wake, chotero, pakupanga chisankho pa kupeza kavalo wa Bashkir, nkofunikira kudziŵa za ubwino wake ndi zamwano.

Makhalidwe abwino ndi awa:

• bwino;
• kudzichepetsa mu chakudya;
• Nsomba zolimba zomwe sizikufuna horseshoe;
• kudzikonzekera kwa thupi;
• chidziwitso chabwino cha kudzipulumutsa (sikungathe kuyendetsa kavalo kumtunda, ndikupangitsanso kumangirira kumangidwa kwa mtima);
• kuthekera kwa kudya pa leash (kulowetsa mu zingwe, kavalo uyu sangadule miyendo yake, ndipo adzayembekezera mwakachetechete thandizo la mwiniwake);
• kuthamanga kwaulere komanso kumasuka, komanso kutsika kwa lynx pamene ikuyenda, yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri poyenda maulendo ataliatali.

• kuthekera kwa kugwiritsira ntchito kokha wokwera pamahatchi amene saopa pamene akukwera (akuwona kuti sakudziwa pang'ono za wokwerapo, kavalo amatha kutaya nthawi yomweyo kapena kungopangitsa kuti apite mosavuta);
• Podziwa kuti adzalangidwa, hatchi sichidzakhumudwitsidwa, ngakhale atapatsidwa chilango kamodzi kokha (nthawi zina kuswa kwa "malamulo a makhalidwe" kumafunika, omwe amaimira mtundu umenewu sangafike kuti akwaniritse);
• Kulephera kugwiritsira ntchito miyala yochepa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zinyalala (n'zovuta kuti akavalo a steppe afotokoze kuti sayenera kuphwanyidwa);
• pamene akuyenda pa msipu, nyamayo sidzakana kukomoka m'matope akuda, monga makolo awo adachitira izi, atetezeka okha kuzilombo za tizilombo toyamwa magazi;
• kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito masewera olimbitsa thupi, chifukwa ngati hatchi safuna kulumphira pazitsulo, ndiye wokwerayo sangamulole kuti achite.

Apo ayi, ngati zovuta za mtunduwu sizikuwopsyezani, mutha kugula bata la Bashkir ndikugwiritsa ntchito zomwe mukufunikira.

Mukudziwa? Zimakhulupirira kuti kavalo woyamba pa dziko lathu lapansi anali nyama yolemera makilogalamu 5 okha ndipo osaposa 35 masentimita wamtali. Zoologist amatcha Eo-Kippus, ndikuweruza ndi mabwinja omwe adapezeka, anakhala padziko lapansi zaka zoposa 60 miliyoni zapitazo.

Chiwerengero cha ntchito

Masiku akale, mahatchi omwe amafotokozedwa anali kugwiritsa ntchito mwakhama magulu ankhondo a Bashkir (mwachitsanzo, mu 1812), chifukwa chakuti kulimba mtima kwawo ndi kutsimikiza mtima kwawo, kuthetsa mphamvu ndi kudziletsa kunalola wokwerayo kuti apereke mavutowo kwa adani. Mu nthawi yamtendere, akavalo awa ankagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama ku ulimi, zomwe zinatsimikizirika pazochitika zawo zowoneka: zinyama zili ndi mitsempha yopanga bwino ndipo palibe chisonyezero cha kuuma kwamphamvu kwa thupi.

Pakalipano, mbali yaikulu ya ntchito ya oimira Bashkir mtundu ndi kupanga nyama ndi koumiss, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimagulidwa mwachindunji kuchokera ku ziweto. Amafulumira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mwini watsopano ndipo mosamalitsa angakhale olemba.

Nthawi zina mahatchi a Bashkir amakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kukwera, koma chifukwa chaichi iwo akhoza kumangophunzira kusukulu komwe anthu okwera pamahatchi samasintha, mwinamwake chinyama chikanakana kumvera ndikumusiya wokwera.

Mitundu ngati Andalusian, Trakehner, Karachai, Tinker, Friesian, Orlov trotter ndiyenso yokwera.

Mndandanda wa ndende ndi chisamaliro

Kuti mukhale wokondwa komanso wokondwa bwino, mwiniwakeyo ayenera kumwa mankhwalawa tsiku ndi tsiku, kuyang'anitsitsa chikhalidwe cha nkhuku ndi mano.

Akuluakulu "othandizira" mu bizinesi iyi adzakhala:

• burashi;
• chovala chofewa;
• chisa;
• ndowe;
• wosamalira.

Mmawa wa kavalo ayenera kuyamba nthawi zonse ndi njira zaukhondo, kupukuta maso ndi mphuno ndi chinyezi, nsalu zoyera, ndi kumeta tsitsi ndi bulashi yofewa. Musanayambe kukwera kavalo wanu, onetsetsani kuti mukutsuka mchira wake ndi mane, kuchotsa khungu la khungu lakufa ndi dothi louma ku malaya. Pa masiku otentha a chilimwe ndiwothandiza kusamba kavalo muzitsulo zing'onozing'ono komanso pansi. Kuchita izi nthawi zonse ndi 2-3 nthawi pa sabata. Pambuyo pa mphindi khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri (10-15) mutakhala mumadzi, mutha kutenga nyamayo kumtunda ndikuyiyendetsa bwino pamphepete mwa nyanja mpaka ubweya utauma.

Kuphika pakhungu kumaphatikizapo zotsatirazi:

1. Finyani mwendo wa kavalo pamtambo (pang'ono pamwamba pa bondo) ndi kuwukongoletsa.
2. Kudzala ziboda ndi dzanja limodzi, ndi dzanja lachiwiri, chotsani zinyalala zonse (kuti zikhale bwino, mbewa yapadera imagwiritsidwa ntchito).
3. Pewani pang'onopang'ono kachidutswa koyera.
4. Sambani nsomba zina mwa njira yomweyo.

Ndizosatheka kulimbana ndi kavalo nokha, chifukwa ngati simukuwerengera kukula kwa misomali, chinyama chikhoza kuvulaza, nthawi zina sichigwirizana ndi moyo. Pofuna kupewa izi, ndi bwino kuika nkhaniyi kwa akatswiri.

Ndikofunikira! Mtengo wa chakudya umadalira katundu pa nyama ndi siteji ya kukula kwake. Choncho, achinyamata ndi ogwira ntchito mwakhama amafunikira chakudya chochuluka choposa thanzi okhwima omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokwera.

Kudyetsa chakudya

Chakudya choyenera ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa moyo wabwino komanso kukwera kwa kavalo, choncho ndikofunika kudziwa zomwe mungadyetse komanso ndi kuchuluka kotani. Chiwerengero chokwanira kwa munthu wamkulu (ndi kusowa chakudya chatsopano chobiriwira) chikuwoneka ngati ichi: Osowa ndi anthu omwe amachita ntchito zolemetsa, kubwereza tsiku ndi tsiku komanso kuonjezera chiwerengero cha mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa: mankhwala owuma ndi 2-3 makilogalamu kapena 4-6 makilogalamu, motero. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuteteza nyama kuti zikhale zosiyana komanso sizitha kulemera. Zimathandiza kuwonjezera oats, chimanga, chimanga, chakudya cha soya ndi phosphate monocalcium ku menyu ya akavalo achinyamata.

Ndi njira yoyenera yosankhidwa, maphunziro ndi kayendedwe ka zochitika za kusamalira mahatchi a Bashkir adzakhala othandizira kwambiri pankhani zaulimi.