Mankhwalawa ndi ovuta kuti asakonde, koma kukula nawo nokha kungakhale kovuta kwambiri.
Makamaka, ngati nyengo sizikulola.
Koma iye ndi mwamuna woti azitsutsana ndi chikhalidwe chokha ndipo amadza ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya eggplants, ngakhale kukula mu dera la Moscow.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, lero pali mitundu yambirimbiriyi, ndipo aliyense wa iwo akhoza kudzitamandira ndizipadera zake, zokolola kapena makhalidwe ena, kupanga chisankho chimodzi mwazovuta kwambiri.
Tsatanetsatane yotsatira ma hybrids wotchuka kwambiri, tidzakuthandizani kusankha pa nkhaniyi yovuta, komanso kuwaphunzitsa kukula kunyumba.
Biringanya m'deralo la Moscow: kodi ndi zinthu ziti ndi zofunikira za makhalidwe?
Chikhalidwe ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zambiri zotchedwa thermophilic. Pachifukwa ichi, akukhulupirira kuti kukula kwa dera la Moscow sikutheka, chifukwa nyengo ya kukula ya zomera imakhala pafupifupi masiku 110.
Koma ngakhale izi, ma eggplants adatha kusinthasintha ngakhale ku zovuta za Siberia, ndipo anthu ake akukondwera ndi zipatso zabwino kwambiri.
Ndipo ngakhale kuti n'zotheka kulima chomera ichi m'madera oterewa, sizingakhale zovuta kutero monga zikhoza kuonekera poyamba.
Mitundu ya hybrid ya Moscow, igawanika m'magulu awiri: oyambirira ndi pakatikati.
Pambuyo pake dera ndibwino kuti lisagwiritsidwe ntchito, chifukwa, zomwe sizingatheke, zingawonongedwe ndi yoyamba yophukira chisanu.
Oyambirira kucha mitundu ya eggplants kwa Moscow dera: kudziwa bwino kwambiri yabwino
Biringanya "Giselle F1": kukoma kwabwino ndi malo ozungulira
Samalani pa mtundu uwu wa biringanya chifukwa chokha zokolola zazikulu.
Makamaka, pakukula zomera pamalo otseguka, dera la 1m2 popanda mavuto likhonza kusonkhanitsa kuchokera pa 7 mpaka 9 kilogalamu ya zipatso zabwino. Ndipo pamene mukukula zomera mu wowonjezera kutentha dera lomwelo mukhoza kusangalatsa chiwerengero cha zipatso mu 14-16 kilogalamu. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, katundu wa mtundu wosakanizidwa amalola kukula mu nyengo ya Moldova ndi Ukraine, komanso m'dera la Russia ku Moscow.
Kufesa mbewu kumalimbikitsidwa kuchitidwa kudera lino kale pakati pa March, zomwe zidzalola kubzala mbande kuyambira May 25 mpaka June 10.
Zipatso, monga mitundu yambiri ya biringanya, zimasiyana ndi zofiirira, pafupifupi mtundu wakuda wa khungu. Pafupipafupi, kutalika kwa chipatso chimodzi kumatha kufika masentimita 25, ndi mamita asanu ndi awiri.
Kunja mosiyana mozungulira cylindrical mawonekedwe. Mapiritsi awa amakonda thupi lawo loyera ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri, komanso chifukwa cholemera kwambiri, omwe amatha kukhala oposa 300 mpaka 500 magalamu.
Ponena za cholinga cha zipatso zokha, mtundu uwu wosakanizidwa ulibe malire: ndi bwino kukonzekera mtundu uliwonse wa chakudya ndi kumalongeza.
Chofunika kwambiri zoyenera Biringanya "Giselle F1":
- Chomera chomera chokwera kwambiri, choyenera kugawa malo ambiri, kukhwima masiku 107-117.
- Mtengo wapamwamba komanso kukoma kwa zipatso, komanso nthawi yambiri yosungirako zipatso.
- Kukhoza kukula kwa wosakanizidwa mu njira yotentha, komanso pansi.
- Kukula kwakukulu kwa mbewu yokha: mpaka masentimita 120 mulimonse, mwakuya popanda minga pa makapu.
Mofanana ndi mitundu ina ya mbewuyi, Giselle F1 ali ndi mavuto ochulukirapo pakulima, chifukwa kumafuna kusunga mbali zonse zofunika pa teknoloji yaulimi. Komanso, kuti mupeze zokolola zambiri, ndikofunikira Dyetsani zomera nthawi zonse ndikumasula pansikumene iwo abzalidwa.
Chobiriwira chobiriwira "Alenka" - biringanya chachilendo cha kukoma kwakukulu
Kudyetsa makapu awa ndi ofunika kwambiri, osati chifukwa chakuti zosiyanazi ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi zina zonse za khungu lake. Ndipotu, zipatso zimachokera bwino.
Pogwiritsira ntchito ndondomeko 60 ya masentimita 30 (ndiko kuti, mpaka 4 zomera pa 1 m2), zokolola za zipatso kuchokera m 1m2 zimatha kufika ma 7.5 kilogalamu. Zinthu zokongola m'madera a Moscow sizichepetsa zokolola zonse za izi.
Kufesa mbewu kumalimbikitsidwa mu February March, zomwe zidzalola kuti mukolole mwamsanga.
Choyamba, muyenera kumvetsera mtundu wa khungu la zilonda zimenezi. Mwinamwake chifukwa chomwecho, thupi lawo ndi lobiriwira pang'ono, ndipo sichizoloŵera kukhala loyera monga mitundu yambiri. Kutalika kwa chipatso chimodzi pamakhala pafupifupi masentimita 15, ndi kulemera kwa 325 magalamu.
Ndibwino kuti mupange kuphika ndi kumalongeza, zingakhale pamodzi ndi mitundu ina.
Pang'ono pang'ono phindu analongosola zosiyanasiyana:
- Nthawi yokolola (nyengo yokula imatha masiku opitirira 108), zomwe zimakupatsani kukula zosiyanasiyana ngakhale kumpoto pang'ono ku dera la Moscow.
- Chiwonetsero chosaoneka chachilendo ndi kukoma kwa chipatso.
- Kupanda minga pamakapu.
Mitengo imeneyi iyenera kuti iwonedwe ngati chikhalidwe cha kutentha, chifukwa kumunda ndi kukula kwake kwa chipatso kumatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri. Ndipotu, ngakhale chimodzimodzi, ngakhale kuti zimakhala zotani, zimakhalabe zomera zouma chakumpoto.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za biringanya mitundu yotseguka pansi.
Gulu loperekera kwambiri la "Agat F1"
Biringanya chitsamba cha zosiyanasiyana ndi wa sing'anga kukula. Pa chifukwa ichi, ndipo zokolola zake zonse zimakhala zofooka kuposa za mitundu zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa, ndipo ndi 6.8 kilogalamu pa mita imodzi iliyonse. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa minda pa 1m2 sikuyenera kupitirira 6 zomera.
Bzalaniyi ndi yoyenera kulima ku dera la Moscow, koma kukolola kwathunthu kwa zipatso ndikofunikira Bzalani mbewu pasanafike May (Mukhoza kufesa pamalo otseguka, kuphimba mabedi usiku ndi filimu).
Mtundu wa khungu la biringanya "Agat F1" kawirikawiri umakhala wofiirira kwambiri.
Maonekedwe awo kawirikawiri amakhala osakanikirana, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 250 gm. Koma zimasiyanitsa zipatso izi ndi zina mwazinthu zamkati: kukhala ndi mtundu woyera, sizimva zowawa konse. Choncho, kuphika eggplants popanda vuto kungayambike popanda kuwapseza, makamaka popeza sangagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mbale zowonongeka, komanso kusungirako.
Kodi ubwino wa mitundu ya biringanya ndi chiyani?
- Kukoma kwabwino komanso khalidwe labwino kwambiri la malonda.
- Kuchuluka kwa dera lakumidzi komanso kuphulika koyamba (chipatso cha chipatso chimapezeka mkati mwa masiku 100-110 pambuyo poyamba mphukira).
- Mwinamwake kukula kwa wosakanizidwa mu malo obiriwira ndi kutchire.
- Ma spikes pa makapu amapezeka nthawi zambiri.
Ngakhale mtundu uwu wa biringanya uli ndi ubwino wambiri, ndi kovuta kwambiri kukula. Zokolola zapamwamba zingapezeke kokha posamalira zomera, kumwa madzi ndi feteleza. Vuto lalikulu kwambiri m'dzinja la chisanu.
Mazira omwe ali pakati pa nyengo ndi mitundu yawo: kodi mungasankhe chiyani ku Moscow dera?
Mtundu wosakanikirana wa nthawi yopsereza "Bagheera F1": Dziwani ma birplant
Mitundu yosakanikirana ya zomera imalengedwa pofuna kuonjezera zokolola ndikukwaniritsa chitukuko. Pankhaniyi, zolinga zonsezi zinakwaniritsidwa bwino.
Makamaka, zokolola za chitsamba chimodzi, zomwe, mwa njira, zimatha kufika mamita 1.2, zimakhala pa 2.5 mpaka 3 kilogalamu. Pokumbukira kuti pafupifupi 2.5-3.5 zomera zimatha kukhala pa 1m2, zimatha kutchedwa "Bagira F1" apamwamba-ololera.
Komabe, zokolola zoterezi zimatheka kokha ndi kulima kwa wowonjezera kutentha, momwe ziririzo kufesa mbewu kumapezeka pakati pa March.
Mu zipatso za mawonekedwe awa, zipatso zimakhala ndi makhalidwe apamwamba kwambiri, omwe makamaka, amalimbikitsidwa ndi mtundu wobiriwira wofiira wofiira.
Kutalika kwa chipatso chimodzi kumatha kusiyana ndi masentimita 12 mpaka 20. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, kukula kwake kwa ma eggplants, mawonekedwe ozungulira, pafupifupi 5-8 snimeters. Amatha kulemera kuchokera 250 mpaka 350 magalamu aliyense. Mnofu ndi wokoma kwambiri, uli ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Ubwino wake ndi kusawawidwa mtima.
Makhalidwe abwino Eggplants "Bagira F1":
- Zokolola kwambiri ndi kugulitsa zipatso.
- Kuyenerera kukulitsa teknoloji yapamwamba yamakono.
- Palibe minga pa zomera ndi makapu ake.
- Kukoma kwabwino. Ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito sapling ya mbande, kusakaniza kwathunthu kumatha ngakhale masiku 110.
Chinthu chokhacho, komabe, kwa ambiri kwambiri, kupweteka kwa mapuloteni omwe amadziwika ndikuti akhoza kukula mwakulima okha. Osakhala ndi wowonjezera kutentha pa webusaiti yanu, ambiri amangokana kuwerengera, ngakhale makhalidwe awo abwino.
Zosiyanasiyana "Albatross" - njira yoyenera pakati pa nyengo ya midzi
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Albatross" ndi yotchuka kwambiri, ndipo kutchuka kumeneku kunamuthandiza zokolola zazikulu. Makamaka, ngakhale mutakula pa 1 m2 ya zomera, n'zotheka kusonkhanitsa makilogalamu 8 a zipatso zabwino zamalonda kuchokera kudera lino.
Panthawi yomweyi, kutalika kwa chomera chimodzi kumatha kufika masentimita 70. Zomerazi zimakula bwino mulimonse mmene zingakhalire, n'zotheka kukula ponse poyera pansi ndi ku greenhouses. Kuti mupeze zokolola zonse, muyenera kufesa mbewu pakati pa March.
Palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zipatso za zosiyana siyana, koma ngati muzisonkhanitsa zonsezi, mukhoza kuzisiyanitsa ndi mitundu ina. Ali ndi khungu lakuda la khungu lofiira, ali ndi mawonekedwe ofala. Pa chifukwa ichi, zimakhala zovuta kudziwa kukula kwa mwanayo.
Koma kutalika kwake kumatha kusiyana ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 22. Mofanana ndi zosiyana siyana, albatross nyama ili ndi tsinde lobiriwira, komanso sichimvetsa chisoni kwambiri.
Zotsatsa mitundudzina lake losaoneka limabisala:
- Manyowa ali ndi kukoma kokoma, komwe sichimatsuka m'mbuyo ndi maonekedwe.
- Kuteteza matenda ofala kwambiri a eggplants - nkhaka ndi fodya.
- Kuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse yophika ndi kumalongeza.
- Kutsala kwa minga pa chomera.
- Zipatso nthawi zonse zimapatsa nthawi komanso mofanana (nyengo yowonjezera yonse kuchokera kumera mpaka kukhwima mwauzimu imatenga masiku 135).
Ngakhale kulimbana ndi mavairasi a zojambulajambula ziwiri zomwe tatchulidwa pamwambapa, izi zimakhala zolekerera ndi matenda ena onse omwe ali ndi chikhalidwechi. Pankhaniyi, minda ya biringanya yosiyanasiyana "Albatross" iyenera kuyesetsa nthawi zonse kuti itetewe ndikuyang'anira matenda awo.
Amafuna chomera ndi zokhazikika nthawi zonse, komanso kusamalira nthaka.
Kodi eggplants amabzalidwa bwanji ndipo ndi zinthu zotani zomwe zikuchitika: kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane
Kubzala biringanya kungapangidwe konse mmera ndi njira za mmera. Ubwino wake ndi wofunika kwambiri kwa oyamba, makamaka mu zochitika za kukula kwa mbeuyi ku Moscow.
Kufesa kwa mbeu nthawi zambiri kumachitika pakati pa mwezi wa March, chifukwa masiku opitirira 45 ayenera kudutsa nthawi yosabzala mbande pamalo otseguka. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti biringanya - chomera chotentha, ndi kuzibzala pamalo osasunthika m'dera la Moscow mu mawonekedwe aang'ono kwambiri zingapangitse zotsatira zoopsa.
Kufesa mbewu zonse ndi kubzala ziyenera kuganizira malo oyenera pakati pa mizere. Makamaka, pakati pa zomera zimachoka pa masentimita 30 mpaka 35, ndi pakati pa mizere - kuyambira 60 mpaka 65.
Kawirikawiri, dera la 1 m2 siliyenera kukula kuposa zomera 4-6. Zomwe anakonza wamaluwa amasonyeza kuti amphamvu thickening osati quantitatively amakhudza zokolola kuchepetsa, komanso qualitatively. Mbewu imasindikizidwa ku kuya kwa masentimita 1-2.
Pamene chodzala biringanya ndi kofunika kuti nthawi zonse zisinthe mbewu m'munda. Motero, kaloti, masamba ndi mavwende, masamba, ndi anyezi ndizo zanzeru zoyambirira za chikhalidwe.
Nthaŵi zina, nthaka sidzazaza chomeracho ndi zakudya zomwe nthawi zambiri sizikwanitsa kulipira ngakhale ndi chovala chapamwamba. Komanso, kubzala eggplant pamalo omwewo kwa zaka zingapo sikoyenera, chifukwa kumathandizanso kukolola kotsika.
Popeza eggplants ndi okonda kutentha zomera, mu Moscow dera iwo bwino wamkulu mu greenhouses. Momwemonso, zomera sizidzatentha ndi usiku, ndipo zidzathekanso kuteteza chinyezi.
Biringanya ayenera kulandira kuwala kwa dzuwa pa mabedi, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo atetezedwe ku zojambula.
Kuyala mbande ya biringanya kunapangidwa mochedwa kwambiri. Izi zili choncho chifukwa wamaluwa ayenera kuyembekezera kuti chisanu chadutsa.
Tsiku lokongola - kuyambira pa May 25 mpaka June 10. Zomwe zimabzala ziyenera kukhala zazikulu kwambiri kuti zomera zisakhale ndi malo okwanira kukula kwa gawo, komanso kudyetsa mizu. Taganizirani kukula ndi msinkhu wa chitsamba.
Kusamalira biringanya: kodi ndi koyenera kutuluka thukuta pabedi?
Kusamalira zomera ndi maziko a zokolola, ndipo aliyense amadziwa zimenezo. Choyamba, zomera zimatetezedwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena pansi pa chithunzi cha filimu. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa chotsutsana ndi chilengedwe ndizochepa.
Koma chofunika kwambiri ndi madzi okwanira nthawi zonse. Pa nthaka youma, eggplants silingakhoze kukula, ndipo nthawi zambiri amayenera kuthirira paokha. Komabe, musamapitirire ndi chinyontho, chifukwa izi sizidzakhalanso zopindulitsa.
Mutabzala mutseguka, mbande ziyenera kumangirizidwa. Pamene chomera chikukula, kukula kwa cola kuyenera kuwonjezeka, chifukwa ngakhale mutakula maluwa amafunikira chithandizo, popeza zipatso zolemetsa zingathe kuwononga mbewu.
