Phalaenopsis ndi mankhwala osatha ochokera ku banja la Orchidaceae. Ndi epiphyte, kutanthauza kuti, imakula pazomera ndi nthambi zamitengo, koma sizimafanana. Mutha kukumana naye m'nkhalango zachinyezi za Australia, Philippines ndi Southeast Asia. Nthawi zambiri, mwa maluwa osiyanasiyana, ndi ma phalaenopsis omwe amatha kupezeka m'nyumba. Kukhazikika kwake komanso maluwa ake ambiri sasiyira mwayi mpikisano. M'mayiko ena, mbewuyi imatchedwa "butter butter orchid" kapena "nsapato ya Aphrodite". Maluwa owala amakhala ngati njenjete kapena zotuwa zowoneka bwino, ndipo nthawi zambiri amapanga fungo labwino.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Phalaenopsis ndi epiphytic herbaceous osatha ndi kutalika kwa 15-70 cm. Amadziwika ndi mtundu wodziwika wa nthambi, kotero kukula kumayendetsedwa kokha kumtunda. Njira zamtsogolo sizipangidwe. Zomwe mizu ilibe pseudobulbs. Imayimiriridwa ndi njira zowongoka zazingwe. Zina mwa izo ndi dothi, ndipo zina zimakhala pamwamba ndipo zili ndi utoto wonyezimira. Kukhalapo kwa chlorophyll kumapangitsa kuti mizu yomwe ikuchita nawo photosynthesis. Amalandiranso chakudya komanso chinyezi kuchokera kumlengalenga.
Pafupi ndi dothi lalifupi kwambiri, mapesi a squat ndi masamba akulu akulu otalikaitali a 4-6. Ma mbale a masamba ovunda kapena ozungulira okhala ndi m'mphepete mozungulira amakula masentimita 5-30. Mtundu wawo ndi wobiriwira kapena woyera. Zomera zokhala ndi masamba a monophonic kapena mosagated zimapezeka.
Phalaenopsis ndi wotchuka chifukwa cha maluwa ataliatali (miyezi itatu kapena kupitilira). Itha kuyamba nthawi zosiyanasiyana pachaka. Choyamba, peduncle yayitali, yamatamba imamera kuchokera ku axel masamba. Imakhala ndi maluwa ambiri akuluakulu, yosakanikirana ndi ma spike-kapena ma genemose inflorescence okhala ndi masamba a 3-40. Corolla yokhala ndi miyala yozungulira yozungulira imafanana kwambiri ndi gulugufe wachikaso, pinki, burgundy kapena yoyera. Mlomo nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo pamunsi umagawika m'minda iwiri kapena itatu. Pakatikati pa duwa ndi 2-15 cm.
Ndizachilendo kuti maluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana amtunduwu amasiyana kwambiri ndi fungo. Ena alibe, pomwe ena amatulutsa fungo lamphamvu kapena lonunkhira. Imatha kukhala yosangalatsa, yokoma, yofunda kapena yamisala, yonyansa.
Mitundu ya Phalaenopsis
Pazonse, mitundu 70 ya mbewu ndiyomwe yawalembetsa. Chifukwa cha kusazindikira, phalaenopsis idakhalanso maziko a kuphatikizika kwa ma hybrids. Zowala kwambiri za dendrobium phalaenopsis. Oimira onse nthawi zambiri amagawika m'magulu atatu m'magulu awa:
- mpaka 20 cm - mini;
- mpaka 55 cm - midi;
- pafupifupi 70 cm - muyezo.
Phalaenopsis ndizosangalatsa. Chomera chokhala ndi tsinde lalifupi limamasulidwa mpaka masamba 5 ozungulira. Kutalika kwawo kumatha kukhala masentimita 50, koma kwa omwe akuimira m'nyumba ndi masentimita 15-30.Mwezi wa Meyi-Juni, burashi lalikulu limatulutsa pachidebe chachikulu (pafupifupi 80 cm). Imakhala ndi maluwa oyera pafupifupi 30 a njenjete 8-10 cm. Mlomo ndi wofiyira kapena wachikasu.
Phalaenopsis Schiller. Epiphyte wa udzu amamera masamba okwana 3-7. Pamalo awo obiriwira pamakhala mawonekedwe a miyala ya siliva. Mbali yakumapeto ndiyofiyira. Kutalika kwa masamba ndi 25-50 cm.Maluwa amapezeka mu Disembala-Machi, pomwe nyumba yoyambirira imamera pamwamba pa tsamba pafupi mtunda wa 1 mita. Mphukira imakhala yokha pafupifupi chaka, patsiku lililonse lotsatira limaphukira. Chojambulidwa ndi mitundu 400. Ma Corollas ali ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino wa pinki. Amapatsa fungo labwino ngati fungo la lilacs. Danga lakuyambirira limafika masentimita 9. M'munsi mwake pali milomo yofiira-yanthazi.
Phalaenopsis Stuart. Chomera chokhala ndi mizu yosalala komanso masamba opindika m'mwezi wa February-Epulo chimatulutsa chosinthika. Pa tsinde kuchokera 60 cm, pali burashi lotayirira ndi maluwa oyera onunkhira pang'ono. Malo okhala ndi maambara ndi mawanga amapezeka pamatchulidwewo. Danga la corolla ndi masentimita 5-6. Malo ofiirira amawonekera pansi pamilomo yachikasu yamanja atatu.
Phalaenopsis Luddemann. Chomera chobiriwira chopanda chobiriwira chimazungulira 25 cm. Ndiwotchuka chifukwa chamaluwa ake ataliatali, omwe amatha mpaka chaka. Pa peduncle, mpaka ma masamba 7 okhala ndi masamba amitundu yofiirira yamaluwa. Kutalika kwa duwa sikupita masentimita 7. Maluwa amaphatikizidwa ndi fungo labwino.
Njira zolerera
Ngakhale zachilengedwe phalaenopsis zimafalikira ndi mbewu, mu malo mchipinda chokhacho njira zamtchire zamtchire zimapezeka kwa amateur wamaluwa. Ngati muvi wa maluwa uwoneka mu Marichi, ndiye kuti umadulidwa osadikira maluwa. Pali masamba pogona omwe amatha kupanga ma rosette atsopano. Kusintha kumapangidwa impso kuti muchotse miyeso. Kenako, wodula m'munsi amathandizidwa ndi yofooka yankho la mchere wa mchere ndipo peduncle imayikidwa mumphika wawung'ono. Kuchokera kumwamba imakutidwa ndi chipewa chowonekera. Chikwangwani cha brown chikhoza kupanga pokhota, koma patatha masiku 10-15 chimatha. Kutulutsa kwatsopano kumayamba kumapeto kwa mwezi wachitatu. Zitatha izi, amazika ndikuchita ndipo pothawirako zimachotsedwa.
Nthawi zina, ngakhale nthawi zambiri, pa peduncle, masamba amawukitsa palokha ndipo ana amapanga mawonekedwe. Zitha kuonekeranso m'munsi mwa tsamba. Nthambi imapangidwa miyezi iwiri maluwa atamaliza. Pafupifupi ndi masamba osachepera pang'ono (pafupifupi 5 cm) mlengalenga mumakhala kukonzekera kuzimiririka. Mwanayo amadulidwa ndi tsamba lakuthwa losalala. Asanabzike imayuma mlengalenga kwa maola 24. Panthawi yosinthira ndikofunikira kuti pakhale chinyezi chambiri komanso kutentha + 22 ... + 25 ° C.
Impso zimatha kukhala kwa nthawi yayitali osaphukira. Kudzutsidwa kwawo kumatha kudzutsidwa. Kuti muchite izi, pezani tchire pamunsi pa peduncle yakale ndikudula muyeso wamtundu wa semicircle ndi tsamba. Malo ogona amachotsedwa ndipo tsamba laling'ono limamasulidwa. Kuti mwana akule bwino, zimatenga miyezi 3-4, kenako ndikulekanitsidwa ndikubzala mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Malamulo Ogulitsa
Popeza tagula ma phalaenopsis ophulika m'sitolo, ndizosatheka kuziyika nthawi yomweyo. Njirayi ndiyopanikiza, chifukwa chake muyenera kudikira mpaka maluwa atha. Ndi chisamaliro chachikulu, mizu yokhala ndi brittle imamasulidwa ku gawo lapansi. Amayang'aniridwa kuti awononge ndikuwadula. Mmodzi ayenera kukhala wokoma mtima kwambiri mizu yobiriwira.
Pobzala, miphika yowoneka bwino yomwe ili ndi mabowo amadzala imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amadzazidwa ndi primer yapadera yomwe ili ndi zigawo izi:
- khungwa la pine wosenda (magawo 6);
- sphagnum moss (magawo awiri);
- makala (magawo 0,5)
- peat (magawo 1.5).
Kuti nthaka ikhale yopanda chonde, onjezerani gawo limodzi la chithovu. Dongo lokwera kapena miyala yapamwamba imatsanuliridwa pansi. Mizu yake imakulitsidwa ndikufika pamlingo wapitalo ndipo imayenera kusiya mizu ya mpweya pamwamba.
Pambuyo pakuza, phalaenopsis samadzidulira kwa masiku angapo, koma imakhala chinyezi chowonjezereka. Kudzinyenga kotereku kuyenera kuchitika zaka zirizonse ndi zitatu kuti nthaka isasakanizike kapena kuvunda.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Ngakhale ma phalaenopsis ndi amodzi mwa maluwa okongola kwambiri, ayenera kusamalidwa bwino. Kusamalira pakhomo ndikupanga malo abwino kwambiri.
Kuwala Chomera chimafuna kuwala kowala. Simamva bwino pamthunzi, koma imatha kuvutika ndi kuwala kwadzuwa. Mopanda kuwala, masamba amagwa, ndipo masamba osiyanasiyana amakhala monophonic. Kutulutsa kudzakhala zomwe zili mchipinda chogwiritsa ntchito kuyatsa kwakanthawi.
Kutentha Kutentha kolondola pachaka chonse ndi + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Zoyenera, kusinthasintha kwa tsiku mpaka 4 ° C pakati pausiku ndi kutentha kwa tsiku kuyenera kuperekedwa. Kutentha kwakukulu kovomerezeka ndi + 32 ° C, ndipo kotsika ndi + 16 ° C. Zojambula sizovomerezeka, kotero podyetsa mphikawo kuyikanso pawindo.
Chinyezi. M'dziko lapa phalaenopsis, chinyezi cha mpweya chimafika ku 80-90%, chifukwa chake m'malo mchipinda ndikofunikira kuti muwonjezere m'njira iliyonse. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito akasinja amadzi kapena botolo la utsi. Madzimadzi sayenera kutola madontho kapena kugwa pamaluwa. Kuthirira kumachitika musanadye chakudya chamadzulo, kuti usiku ziwalo zomera ziume.
Kuthirira. Phalaenopsis amathiriridwa madzi pang'ono, chifukwa madzi ambiri amachokera kumlengalenga. Madzi amayenera kukonzedwa ndikutsukidwa bwino. Ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse zovuta m'njira iliyonse, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muthira mandimu pang'ono. Kutentha kwamadzi kuyenera kukhala pamwamba pa kutentha kwa chipinda. Kutsirira kuchitika kuchokera kuthirira, patali ndi mizu. Madzi ochulukirapo amatsitsidwa kuchokera poto. Amayesanso kumiza thupi lonse m'mphika mu beseni kwa mphindi 20-30. Pakati pa ulimi wothirira, dothi limayenera kuzimiririka ndi masentimita 2-3.
Feteleza. Maluwa amafunika kudyetsedwa nthawi zonse kuti maluwa ambiri azikhala ndi nthawi yayitali. Pachifukwa ichi, mchere wapadera wama orchid umawonjezeredwa ndi madzi kuthirira kawiri pamwezi. Kuchokera pazomwe zimapangidwira maluwa, tengani theka lokha. Kudyetsa kumachitika chaka chonse. Kupuma kumachitika kokha kwa masabata ochepa pambuyo pochulukitsidwa kapena matenda a chomera.
Maluwa otuwa
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, maluwawo nthawi zambiri amatulutsa miyendo, yomwe imaphukira kwambiri ndipo imakhala nthawi yayitali. Duwa limodzi limatha kukhala mpaka mwezi umodzi. Ngati phalaenopsis sikutuluka kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikofunikira kusintha ukadaulo waulimi. Zomera zimayikidwa pawindo loyatsira kwambiri, komanso samayesa kuthilira madzi ochuluka komanso nthawi zambiri. Munthawi ya kukula, ndikofunikira kuchita zovalazo zingapo malingana ndi malangizo, koma osazichita mopitirira muyeso.
Pamene maluwa onse atha kale. Pesi ndi bwino kusakhudza. Popita nthawi, masamba kapena ana akhoza kuwonekeranso. Dulani pokhapokha ngati yauma kaye. Pakati pa maluwa, ndikofunikira kupumula kwa miyezi iwiri, kuti phalaenopsis ipezenso nyonga nthawi yatsopano yogwira ntchito.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Phalaenopsis imakhala chitetezo chokwanira, koma kutentha kwambiri komanso kusefukira kwambiri kwamvula kumapangitsa fungus. Chimodzi mwazizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa mizu ndi kuwonjezereka kwa mpweya. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuchita kupatsirana ndikuchiza ndi fungicides.
Kuchokera kutentha pang'ono, ming'oma imatha kukhala masamba. Imadziwoneka yokha malo owoneka bwino. Monga njira yoteteza, kusinthanitsa kwa mpweya wamkati kuyenera kupititsidwa patsogolo.
Nyama ndi ma kangaude amatha kukhala mu chipinda chouma kwambiri pamapaleenopsis. Ngati masamba adayamba kutuluka chikasu ndikutundira ndi ma tubercles kapena ma punctures, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri pamakhala masamba. Poyambirira, mutha kuchita ndi yankho la sopo, koma kugwiritsa ntchito ma acaricides ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo timawonetsa zotsatira zabwino.
