Masamubulo akuluakulu amangowonongeka ndi zipatso zambiri ndi ndiwo zamasamba, zomwe ambiri sitingathe kudziwa.
Poganizira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama pa "zodabwitsa zakunja" ndikofanana ndi kuponyera mphepo, nthawi zina sitingaganize za kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe amadzibisa okha.
Tengani osungunuka pang'ono - osagwedezeka, omwe ali ndi kukoma kosangalatsa modabwitsa, ndipo ali ndi thanzi labwino.
Komanso, zimakhala zenizeni kukula mumzinda wawo, kulandira bwino kwambiri.
Kodi mwasankha kukula zamtchenjezi? Dziwani bwino chomeracho ndikukonzekera
Mwachidziwitso, artichokes akhoza kufotokozedwa ngati chomera chachikulu kwambiri, chomwe chingakhoze kufikira kufika mamita awiri mu msinkhu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, izo ndi osatha, ndiko kuti, mutatha kubzala nthawi imodzi, kwa nthawi yayitali idzakusangalatsani ndi mbewu zake.
Chitsamba cha chomera ichi chosiyana ndi chakuti basal rosette ili ndi masamba amphamvu kwambiri komanso amtengo wapatali.
Kuti kulima mu zikhalidwe za nyengo ya Russia ndi Ukraine, chomeracho chimasinthidwa bwino, icho chimasintha nyengo yozizira popanda mavuto pansi pa mpira wa organic feteleza, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito monga udzu, masamba, utuchi.
Kummwera kumpoto kwa Russia, pofuna kusunga ntchito yofunikira ya chitsamba, iyenera kufukula nthawi yozizira ndi kusungidwa m'malo amdima ndi mpweya wabwino kufikira masika atabwera.
Vuto lina lokula zamtundu wambiri m'mayiko athu ndilo kuti lero palibe mbewu za zomera zomwe zatipangira.
N'zoona kuti anthu okonda kwambiri odwala omwe ali ndi mitundu yambiri yapamwamba, kuphatikizapo "May", "Green Ball", "Roman Violet". Komanso, ngati mwasonkhanitsidwa kale kuti muyambe kulima masamba, ndiye kuti muyenera kudziwa kuti sichimabala mbewu zokha.
Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri za kukula zimaperekedwa ndi kuswana ndi nthambi za mizu, koma izi ndizofunikira kukhala ndi mabwenzi omwe artichoke m'munda wakhala akukula kwa zaka zambiri kale. Kugula cuttings wa chomera ichi mu malo ena alionse apadera sizingatheke, chifukwa iwo sali pomwepo.
Kukonzekera kwa mbewu ya atitchoku: kodi amafunikira vernalization?
Vernalization ya mbewu imaphatikizapo ndondomeko yomwe mbeu imapezeka pa kutentha kwa nthawi. Zimakhulupirira kuti ndi kukonzanso mbewu za artichokes musanayambe kubzala, ndizotheka kuwonjezera zokolola, ndipo chaka choyamba mutabzala phwando pa zipatso zokomazi. Koma, alimi ambiri amanena kuti chosiyana ndi chomwe chingayambitse imfa ya zomera.
Chowonadi n'chakuti 70 peresenti ya mbeuyo imabzalidwa kale chaka choyamba mutabzala, ndipo n'kotheka kuchotsa mbewu yaing'ono, koma maluwa olakwikawo akhoza kuwononga kwambiri mbewu.
Makamaka, sikuti imangowonongeka, koma imagwiritsanso ntchito mphamvu zowonjezera pa maluwa ndi zipatso, motero zimatha kulephera ngakhale nyengo yozizira. Momwemonso, njirayi idzakhala yabwino ngati attikiti imabzalidwa nthawi imodzi yopanga zipatso, ndipo chitsamba sichitha kukula kwa zaka zambiri.
Essence ndi magawo a jarovization ndi awa:
- Kuyambira vernalization ayenera kukhala kumapeto kwa February.
- Mbewu imathiridwa mofanana mu bokosi la mbande pa mchenga wouma.
- Mdziko lino, mbewuzi zimakhala masiku 6 mpaka 10 kutentha kwa mpweya kuchokera 22 mpaka 25 ºС, mpaka ziyamba kumera.
- Pa nthawi yonse ya mbewu zowera, mchenga pansi pawo uyenera kusungunuka powapopera mankhwala ndi madzi.
- Kuwunikira kwachangu kumeneku ndikuti bokosi lomwe liri ndi "mbewu zowonongeka" liyenera kutumizidwa ku alumali pansi pa firiji masiku 15 ndikukhala kutentha kwa 0 ° C. Umboni wakuti mbewuzo zakonzeka kubzala zidzakhala mdima wodetsedwa wa mizu yawo.
Ngati mutasintha kusiya vernalization, ndiye kuti musanafesa mbeu, mudzafunika kumera. Pochita izi, amasungidwa nthawi yayitali kubakha, ndiye kuti amangiriridwa mu nsalu yonyowa ndipo amakhala otentha. Ndi kulima kotero, mbande ziyenera kuonekera masiku 5-6.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za kukula katsitsumzukwa.
Ife tikukonzekera mabedi a artichokes: nthaka ndi mtundu wanji wa feteleza zomwe zimafunikira chomera?
Kunja, artichokes ali ofanana ndi namsongole, makamaka ndi nthula. Komabe, iye ndi chomera cholimidwa, choncho, kuti apange ndi kubala chipatso kulikonse, iye sangatero.
Makamaka, pamtunda wambiri komanso m'malo othuthuka, chomeracho sichitha pachimake, chifukwa sichidzafunikanso kulankhula za zokolola. Pachifukwa ichi, kubzala artichokes ayenera kusankha malo omasuka komanso owala kwambiri omwe ali ndi chonde cha nthaka.
Komanso, n'kofunika kuganizira makhalidwe monga nthaka, kutsika komanso ubwino wodutsa mu chinyezi.
Kukonzekera kwa nthaka kumeneku ndiko kukumba dzenje abweretseni mwa iye kuchuluka kwa feteleza mtundu wosiyana.
Kuya kwa dzenje ndi pafupifupi masentimita 60, ndipo m'lifupi ndi mita imodzi. Kenaka, lembani ndi zosakaniza motere:
- Mzere wa masentimita 10 wa dongo / dothi ladothi / miyala yowongoka / yokonza winterizer imayikidwa pansi, yomwe idzakhala ngati madzi m'tsogolo.
- Thirani pamwamba pa nthaka yosakaniza dothi la magawo atatu omwe adatengedwa m'munda wanu, 3 gawo la mchenga wamba, magawo atatu a humus ndi 1 gawo la peat.
Gombe lokonzekera ndi mtundu uwu sali woyenera osati kubzala mbewu zokha, komanso chifukwa chokula zamtundu wotsekemera mothandizidwa ndi nthambi zazu, ndiko kuti, mbande. Musanadzalemo, nthaka mu dzenje iyenso ikhale yothira pang'ono.
Timakula mbande kuchokera ku mbewu ya atitchoku: mbali zazikulu za kufesa
Dates ndi zina zomwe zimafesa kusungunuka
Ndikoyenera kufesa mbande mwamsanga, kuti pofika nthawi yoyenera kubzala mbande pamalo otseguka, ikhoza kukhala bwino ndikukula. Nthaŵi yoyenera kwambiri ya ichi ndiyomweyambira kumapeto kwa kasupe - theka lachiwiri la March.
Ndi bwino kuzifesa mumabokosi a matabwa, omwe amatsanulira madzi osakanikirana omwe amachokera ku mtengo wofanana, wofiira ndi mchenga. Kuti mbewu zizitha bwino kuchokera pansi, nthakayi mu bokosi iyeneranso kusungidwa nthawi zonse yonyowa.
Mpaka maonekedwe a mphukira yoyamba, mabokosi omwe ali ndi nyemba zofesedwa mwa iwo amasungidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha, wowonjezera kutentha kapena pakhomo kapena nyumba, kuyang'ana kutentha kwa boma sikucheperachepera 18-20ºС.
Mitengo yochepa kwambiri, yomwe idzakhala nayo nthawi yoonekera tsamba lenileni lenileni (kawirikawiri limachitika pambuyo pa masiku 10-15), mukhoza kugwa pansi. Kusankha bodza chifukwa chakuti chomera chilichonse chiyenera kuikidwa mu chidebe chosiyana. Ndi chifukwa chake kuti njira yofesa mbewu sizilibe kanthu, chifukwa mbewuzo zimafalikira m'tsogolomu.
Pamene kuthawa kuyenera kukumbukira kuti mbande ya artichokes ili ndi kukula kwakukulu, kotero mphamvu yake ndi yofunika kusankha yaikulu. Ideal - peat-purulent miphika, buku la osachepera 0,5 malita.
Pofuna kuthandizira mapangidwe a mizu yamphamvu m'tsogolo chitsamba cha atitchoku, pamene akusankha iwe uyenera kuchotsa muzu. Komabe, musadwale kwambiri kuti musamavulaze zomera.
Kodi muyenera kusamalidwa bwanji ndi mbandeti ya atitchoku?
Kusamala kwambiri sikukufuna mbande ya atitchoku mutatha kusankha. Kawirikawiri imayamba mizu bwino, choncho chomera sichiyenera. Chinthu chokha ndichoti nthaka mu miphika imayenera kukhala yowonongeka nthawi zonse, komanso kuteteza mapangidwe a namsongole mmenemo.
Koma kupatula izi, ndikofunikira Dyetsani zomera. Makamaka, patangotsala masabata awiri kuchokera pa nthawi yosankha, nthaka ndi mbande imabereka ndi chithandizo cha mullein.
Pachifukwachi, fetereza imadzipiritsika ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1 mpaka 10. Patapita milungu iwiri, mbande za atitchoku zikudyetsanso chakudya, koma nthawiyi ndizofunika kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza, osati mankhwala.
Komanso, kuti mbande zikhale zokonzeka mwakukula kumunda, nkofunika kutero zizimitsireni.
Pochita izi, makapu a mbande pa tsikulo ayenera kutulutsidwa mumsewu, kotero kuti zomera zisangowonongeka ndi mlengalenga kutentha, komanso kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Chomera mbande pamalo otseguka chingayambe kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, kupatula ngati kutentha kwa mpweya pamsewu kwakhazikitsidwa mokwanira ndi kutentha.
Mbande za artichokes ndi malamulo a kubzala kwake poyera
Ndikhoza liti kubzala artichokes pa mabedi?
Pamwamba tanena kale kuti kubzala kwa mbande za amtunduwu kungayambike kuyambira pakati pa May. Komabe, ndi bwino kuganizira za nyengo zomwe zili m'dera lanu, popeza ngakhale pakati pa mwezi wa May pamakhala nthawi zambiri chisanu m'madera omwe ali pamwamba ndi pamtunda wa Moscow.
Choncho, kubzala kungachedwetsedwe mpaka chilimwe, kotero zimatenga nthawi yaitali ndi zovuta kuti zisawonongeke ndi mbande. Iyenso iyenera kupitilira kutulutsidwa kuti ikhale yotseka, kupereka chithandizo cha kukula.
Komabe, mukhoza kutenga chiopsezo chodzala malo otseguka, koma nthawi zonse mumaphimba zomera usiku ndi filimuyi. Nthawi zina mipando yapadera yamakono imayikidwa pamwamba pa bedi, yomwe ili yoyenera kutambasula filimu yotetezera popanda kuwononga zomera.
Kodi chodzala chitsanzo ndi chopindulitsa kwa atitchoku mbande?
Chida chodzala cha mbande za zomera zomwe zafotokozedwa mwachindunji zimadalira kukula kwake komwe kumafika pokhala wamkulu. Tanena kale kuti kutalika kwake kumatha kufikira mamita 2, pamene mchere wochuluka umasonkhananso chimodzimodzi. Malinga ndi zomwe tatchulazi, tikulimbikitsanso kuti mbande za amtunduwu zibzalidwe pazitali zapafupi.
Zili choncho chifukwa pakati pa mizere ndi zomera zimachoka pa danga lomwelo, zomwe zimapanga artichokes zimakwana masentimita 70 (ndicho chikonzero 70h70). Mu chisa chimodzi, ilo ndi dzenje la mbande, zomera ziwiri zimabzalidwa.
Momwe ife tikufunira kukonzekera mabowo a artichokes, talemba kale, koma timatchulidwanso musamabzala mbande zakuya pansi. Mizu ya chomera ichi imakula bwino, kotero imatha kugwira mwamphamvu, popanda ngakhale kufunika.
Mankhwala otsekemera pamabedi anu ndi kuwasamalira: ndi zinthu ziti zofunika kuziganizira komanso zomwe siziyenera kuiwalika?
Kodi ndiyenera kuthirira madzi a tchireti ndipo ndiyenera kuchuluka bwanji?
Sungani nthaka imene amamera amtunduwu amamera ayenera kukhala nthawi zonse komanso mochuluka.
Kuthirira Ndizotheka nthawi zambiri - kokha kawiri pa sabata, koma panthawi yomwe mukhoza kubweretsa 5 malita a madzi.
Chomera chachikulu chimakhala, chinyezi chofunika kwambiri. Komabe, kuyendetsa mopitirira malire kungakhalenso koopsa, makamaka ngati nthaka imatenga chinyezi bwino kapena madzi a pansi ali pafupi kwambiri ndi nthaka.
Komanso, n'kofunika kwambiri kuganizira za kuchuluka kwa mvula yamkuntho komanso nthawi zonse. Kawirikawiri, musalole kuti dothi likhale louma kwambiri - ndipo mudzakwaniritsa zotsatira zowonjezereka.
Kumasula nthaka kuzungulira artichokes ndi kuchotsa namsongole
Tsiku lotsatira pambuyo pa kuthirira kwa zomera, nthaka yozungulira iyenera kumasulidwa. Izi zimachitika ndi cholinga chosapanga kutumphuka pamtunda, zomwe zimalepheretsa kulowa mlengalenga.
Komanso, ndibwino kuti nthawi zonse muzitsuka bedi ndi atitchoku kuchokera kumsongole, omwe ndi owopsa kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa kukula kwa zomera.
Kudyetsa katsamba: Kodi feteleza akulimbikitsidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito?
Kuwaza feteleza ndi kofunikira kuti uchite, chifukwa iwo amawayankha bwino. Pa nthawi yomweyo, zotsatira zabwino zimasonyezedwa zonse organic ndi mineral feteleza.
Koma, kupatulapo kawirikawiri mizu artichokes ndi ng'ombe ndowe kapena mchere feteleza, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwira masiku khumi ndi awiri, ndikofunika kuchita foliar kudyetsa.
Chokhazikika chawo chimakhala kuti zomera zimaphatidwa ndi njira yapadera, monga:
- Potaziyamu kloride (10 magalamu).
- Wood phulusa (10 magalamu).
- Superphosphate (25 magalamu).
Kuzolowezi kupopera mbewu kotere sikuyenera kukhala kotsika kwambiri, kudzakhala kokwanira kamodzi pamwezi. Phindu lawo limakhalapo chifukwa chakuti izi zimangowonjezera zomwe zimachitika mu mbeu, komanso zimalepheretsa kugonjetsedwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi agulugufe.
Timagwiritsa ntchito mbeuyi m'nyengo yozizira - tipezani mpaka chaka chamawa
Pambuyo kukolola, nyengo yophukira yophukira yachitsamba ndi kufika kozizira koyamba, mbali ya pamwamba ya chitsamba cha atitchoku imachotsedwa. Pofuna kuteteza mizu ya zomera kuti isasokonezedwe ndi chisanu, nthaka iyenera kuikidwa ndi rhizomes kwa dothi la nthaka ndi thandizo la masamba a opal kapena udzu.
Komanso, m'nyengo yozizira, n'zotheka kuika chipale chofewa kwambiri pamabedi, chomwe chidzasungira kutentha m'nthaka.
Kukolola kutsekemera kwazitsamba: momwe mungadziwire kufunika koti?
Ngati munagwiritsa ntchito vernalization kuti mukhale ndi amtundu wotsekemera, ndiye kuti zokolola zidzawoneka m'chaka choyamba, ngakhale kuti chilengedwe chimakhala chachiwiri. Makamaka, inu nokha adzazindikira kuti pakati pa anatsika prickly masamba a chomera anaonekera maluwa mapesi.
Mankhwalawa amayamba kukhala oyenera pambuyo pa milungu iwiri. Pamwamba pake yotsegulidwa pang'ono kumatsimikizira za izo.
Vuto lalikulu lokusonkhanitsa zitsamba zamatsamba ndi kuti maluwawo amatha panthawi imodzimodzi, choncho, kukula kwa aliyense wa iwo kumatsimikiziridwa mosiyana, komanso kudula kumtunda padera. Zowonjezera zazikuluzikulu, zimalimbikitsidwa kusiya basi 2-3 peduncles pa chomera chilichonse ndi 3-4 madengu pa aliyense.
Ndiponso, palibe chomeracho sichiyenera kuloledwa kukongola maluwa, chifukwa m'madera otere mitu ya artichoke imakhala yovuta kwambiri ndipo imakhala yosayenera kumwa.
Choncho, ngati pamwamba pa artichoke mumawona mapepala a buluu, mukhoza kulingalira kuti masambawa ndi osayenera kuti anthu azidya.
Artichokes yomwe imasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku chitsamba ikhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yokwanira, yomwe ili yofunika kwambiri. Makamaka, ngati zamasamba zamasamba zimapezeka pa kutentha kuchokera ku 0 mpaka 1ºС, motero zotsatira zake zidzawoneka kuti adye miyezi ina 2-3.
