Beetroot ndi chikhalidwe chochuluka kwambiri. Pali zigawo zingapo za chikhalidwe ichi, ndipo zimasiyana mosiyana ndi maonekedwe awo, kukoma kwake, ndi kukula kwake.
Beet ija, yomwe timagwiritsa ntchito kuphika borscht, imatchedwa chipinda chodyera. Chakudya cha beet ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la zakudya zinyama.
Nyerere za shuga zakula makamaka kuti zisinthidwe mu shuga. Palinso beets ndi zinyama zakutchire, koma sizili chidwi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwakukulu m'madera athu.
Posankha mitundu yobzala, ndi bwino kusankha mitundu yomwe idalidwa ndi obereketsa.
Popeza nthawi zina zamasamba zachilendo sizingagwirizane ndi zikhalidwe za nyengo yozizira.
Zosiyanasiyana "Boheme"
Nyengo zapakatikati za nyengo. Nthawi yakucha ndi pafupifupi masiku 70 mpaka 80.
Wokonzeka kulima m'minda ndi ziwembu. Zipatso, makamaka zinapangidwa kuzungulira kapena pang'ono, zimapangidwa mu maroon.
Mkati mwa mizu ndi maroon, palibe mphete. Iyemwini ndi zamkati zimakhala zowutsa mudyo, chifundo, chabwino kwambiri kukoma.
Zipatso zimakula lalikulu kwambiri - 0,3 - 0,5 makilogalamu. Beet iyi siyakhudzidwa ndi chalcosporosis, komanso imakhalabe pachimake. Zitha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri, monga momwe mbeu yosungira mbewuyi imakhalira yabwino kwambiri.
Nthaka ya beet iyi iyenera kukhala yachonde, ndi gawo losalowerera acidity.
Ndi bwino kusankha malo a mabedi a beet komwe nkhaka, anyezi, zukini, mbatata oyambirira kapena maungu omwe amakula.
Kufesa mbewu zoviikidwa m'madzi ziyenera kukhala m'masiku otsiriza a April, koma pasanafike pakati pa May. Kuchuluka kwake kwa mbeu ndi 2-4 masentimita. Pakati pa mizere yoyandikana muyenera kupanga nthawi ya 25-30 masentimita, ndipo pakati pa mbeu 8-8 masentimita.
Ngati mukufuna kudzala beets izi mu kugwa, ndiye izi ziyenera kuchitika pasanathe mapeto a Oktoba - kuyambira November.
Ndikofunika kukonzekera nthaka kugwa, kukumba ndikupanga mitundu yonse ya feteleza. Kuthirira beets kumafunika kamodzi pamlungu ndi madzi ambiri.
Zakudya zimakhala zosaposa kawiri pa nyengo. Kuchuluka kwa feteleza kumadalira kubereka kwa nthaka ndi chiwerengero cha mankhwala omwe adayambitsidwa kuyambira autumn. Zoterezi sizingathenso.
Zosiyanasiyana "Detroit"
Nyengo yapakatikatiyi ndi imodzi mwa otchuka kwambiri.
Bweretsani pafupipafupi masiku 110 - 115. Mitengo ya msinkhu. Zipatso ndizozungulira, ndi yosalala pamwamba, ndi axial mizu ndi yopapuka ndi yaifupi, tsamba la rosette ndiloling'ono.
Mtundu wa mizu masamba ndi wokongola - wowala wofiira. Kulemera Chiwerengero ichi cha beet ndi 100 - 200 g.
Thupi ndi lofiira mdima, mphete zikusowa, ali ndi kukoma kokomakomanso yowutsa mudyo kwambiri.
Ophunzira ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, komanso amatsutsana ndi tsvetushnosti.
Pereka magawo 3.7 - 7 kg pa mita iliyonse m., koma mosamala mutha kupeza zipatso zambiri.
Mungagwiritse ntchito beetyi m'njira zosiyanasiyana: zamzitini, zowonongedwa mwatsopano, ndi kuwonjezera pa mbale zosiyanasiyana.
Mtengo wabwino wa zosiyanasiyana ndi khola fruiting, ndipo mizu imawoneka mofanana. Mukhozanso kusungira beet iyi kwa nthawi yaitali, siidzatha.
Musanadzalemo, mbewu iyenera kuthiridwa m'madzi kwa maola 18 mpaka 20. Pamene kutentha kwa nthaka kumadutsa + 6 ... + 8 ° ะก, kubwera kungatheke.
Kutaya mbewu kungakhale pa kuya kwa 2 mpaka 4 masentimita molingana ndi dongosolo 25-30x10cm. Land kale ndi mbewu idzasowa nkhosa yamphongo. Malo okhala pansi pa beet ayenera kukhala dzuwa kwambiri. Mitundu imeneyi ndi yoyenera kubzala.
Kuthirira beets kuyenera kuti nthaka isakhale yochuluka kwa chinyezi, koma panalibe kuchepa ngakhale. Choncho, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kusintha kwa kutentha kuti muwonetsere kusintha kwa chinyezi m'nthaka.
Mukamadyetsa, mwapadera ayenera kuperekedwa kwa fetereza feteleza, chifukwa beets kwambiri "chikondi" iwo. Iyeneranso kuchepetsa nthaka pakati pa mizere ndikuchotsa namsongole.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za karoti mitundu Moscow dera
Kalasi "Aigupto akukhala"
Mitundu imeneyi idalumikizidwa kutali ndi 1943 g ku NIISH iwo. V.V. Dokuchaev.
Zimatengedwa pakati, chifukwa nthawi yomwe imakhala ikuphuka komanso kuyamba kukula kwa chipatso ndi masiku 101 - 128. Pa zomera owongoka tsamba rosette.
Zipatsozo ndizosalala, mutu ndi wawung'ono, amajambula kunja kwa mdima wofiira, phindu lochokera ku 300 mpaka 550 g.
Mnofu ndi wofiira wofiira kwambiri wofiira ndi pang'ono wofiirira tinge, wowometsera kwambiri, wachifundo ndi wokondweretsa. Sakani Kuyesedwa ndi akatswiri monga chabwino.
Ndi sq.m. Mukhoza kutenga 3.5 - 8.5 makilogalamu a zamasamba, omwe ndi chizindikiro chabwino kwambiri. Zosiyana ndizochitika kukana tsvetushnosti ndi chilala, koma sanatemera katemera wa chalcosporosis.
Bedi ndi labwino kwambiri, nyengo yozizira idzapambana kuchokera 75% mpaka 89% ya zipatso.
Alimi amaluwa amalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito izi mosiyana ndi kulima kozizira. Njira yobzala mu kugwa sikusiyana ndi njira yomweyi kumapeto kwa nyengo. Mtengo wobzala ndi kuya kwa mbeu zimasungidwa.
Chifukwa cha kulekerera kwa chilala, mitundu ikuluikulu idzapirira kufupika kwa ulimi wothirira. Muyenera kupatulira mabedi ndikukumba pakati pa mizere. Kupanga feteleza kumafunikira.
Kalasi "Red Ball"
Maphunziro oyambirira a beet omwe amatha kufalitsa masiku 65 - 100.
Zipatsozo zimakhala zofiira, zofiira, masekeli 200 - 500 g Mnofu ndi wofiira kwambiri, wokhala ndi violet hues, uli ndi madzi ambiri, zokoma ndi zokoma.
Zosiyanasiyanazi sizowoneka zokha, zosagwira kwa tsvetushnosti, zozizira kwambiri, koma zokolola zimachepa ngati kutentha kumachepa kwambiri.
Komanso khalani ndi kalasi chiwerengero cha kulekerera kwa chilala. N'zotheka kugwiritsira ntchito beet mizu ya zosiyanasiyana monga gawo la zakudya, komanso pokonza zokonza mbale.
Komanso, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Red" nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo. Beet iyi imanyamula mosavuta komanso yosungidwa. Zokolola ndi 3 - 6 makilogalamu pa sq.m.
Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa kulima ndi kumayambiriro kwa autumn. Kufesa m'nyengo ya masika iyenera kugwa pa masiku otsiriza a April, ndipo kufesa kumayenera kukhale mu September.
Mbewu isanayambe kubzala ayenera kukonzekera. Kufika kwake ndi 45-60x3 masentimita. Kuzama kwake kumakhala kozolowereka. Dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala lofunda komanso lofunda. Malo sayenera kukhala mumthunzi. Mutabzala, choyamba ayenera kupukuta.
Ayenera kuthirira mobwerezabwereza, nthawi 1 mu masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi limodzi. Muyeneranso kulima nthaka pakati pa mizere, kuchotsa namsongole. Feteleza ndilofunika, makamaka m'madera olemera kapena otsika kwambiri.
Zosiyanasiyana "Libero"
Mitundu yoyambirira - zipatso zoyamba zitha kupezeka patatha masiku 80 mutabzalidwa mbeu.
Zipatsozo ndizozungulira, msana ndi woonda kwambiri, khungu ndi losalala ndi lofiira lofiira. Thupi ndi lofiira mdima, pali mzere, koma ndi ofooka kwambiri, kukoma kokoma.
Kuchuluka kwa mizu ya mbewu kumasiyana pakati pa 120 ndi 220 magalamu. Kukaniza kuthira ndikumeneko, zokolola zimakhala zazikulu - pafupifupi 6.1 makilogalamu pa mita imodzi iliyonse. mita
Zipatso zimakhala zofanana kwambiri ndipo zimapsa ndi nthawi yaying'ono kwambiri. Cholinga ndi chilengedwe chonse. Chifukwa cha kuwonetsera kwabwino, izi zimakhala zowonjezereka zogulitsa.
Mukhoza kubzala mbewu ku nthaka kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa April mpaka pakati pa mwezi wa May. Zomwe zimayendera zimasungidwa. Asanayambe, bedi likhoza kuphimbidwa ndi polyethylene.
Zoonadi kutero amafunika kupepuka pamabedi ndi beetroot za zosiyanasiyana. Njira yoyambayi ikuchitika patatha sabata pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa mphukira.
Nyerere zimakhala ndi zofunikira za kuchuluka kwa chinyezi m'nthaka. Choncho, kuchepetsa madzi ayenera kusungidwa. Pafupifupi masiku 14 mpaka 15 musanayambe kukolola, kuthirira kuyenera kuyimitsidwa palimodzi. Kudyetsa kumayenera kuchitidwa ngati n'kofunika.
Zosiyanasiyana "Bordeaux"
Mwinamwake malo otchuka kwambiri a beet. Amayang'ana nyengo ya pakati pa nyengo, nyengo yakucha kuchokera pakufesa kufikira kuyambika koyenera kwa zipatso ndi masiku 62 mpaka 116.
Zipatsozo ndizozungulira, zingakhale zochepa pang'ono, zolemera kuchokera 230 mpaka 510 g, zimajambula mu mdima wofiira, mutu ndi wawung'ono.
Mnofu uli ndi mtundu wofanana ndi peel, wachikondi ndi yowutsa mudyo, wokhala ndi shuga wambiri, wandiweyani.
Ugone pansi mizu imeneyi amatha nthawi yonse yozizirapamene sipadzakhala kutayika mu mawonekedwe kapena kukoma.
Chifukwa chakuti zipatsozi zimagwedezeka m'nthaka ndi theka, ntchito yokolola imakhala yosavuta.
Zomera zimatha kupulumuka pang'ono kutentha pang'ono. Kukula kwake, apa palibe wofanana ndi beet iyi. Zipatso za "Bordeaux" zimatengedwa pakati pa zothandiza kwambiri.
Madzi ochokera ku mizu imeneyi ali ndi ndende yaikulu ya anthocyanins. Mitunduyi idzagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza ndi kuphika, yofunika kwambiri pa zakudya. Zokolola zimafikira 8 makilogalamu a beets pazitali. mita
Ngakhale ziri zosiyana, mbewu za Bordeaux beets ziyenera kubzalidwa mofanana ndi mbewu za mitundu yonse, zonsezi zikusungidwa. Mukamakoka njere, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Kusamalira zomera za beet wamba. Pangakhale kuchedwa pang'ono pakumwa madzi, koma nthawi zina zimakhala zothandiza popangira zitsamba. Kupukuta, kumasulidwa kwa nthaka ndi kuvala pamwamba kumayenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi dongosolo.
Kalasi "Mpukutu"
Nyengo zapakatikati-nyengo ndi masiku 110 mpaka 130 kuchokera nthawi yofesa.
Zipatso zimakhala zozungulira, choncho dzina la zosiyanasiyana, lalitali (10-16 masentimita) ndi lakuda (m'mimba mwake limafikira 5-9 masentimita), mdima wofiira, wolemera kuyambira 180 mpaka 350 g.
Mutu pamzu wa kukula kwake. Pulp lili ndi madzi ambiri, wosakhwima kwambiri, wokoma bwino, burgundy, wopanda mphete.
Mtundu wosungirako wa zosiyanasiyanazi ndi zabwino kwambiri. Pafupifupi zipatso zonse zimakhalabe mwamtendere m'nyengo yozizira pamalo ena ozizira, amdima. Kukolola sikudzakhala kovuta, popeza mizu imakhala pansi.
Pophika, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, chifukwa safunikira nthawi yambiri akudikirira nthawi yomwe beets akuphika. Komanso mizu ya zosiyanasiyana izi zimakhala zowonjezera zitsulo, calcium, mavitamini A, B1, B2, C ndi niacin. Zokolola zabwino - makilogalamu 6 pa sq. M.
Mbewu isanayambe kubzala amafunika kulowera. Miyezi yabwino kwambiri yoperekera mbewu ndi May ndi Oktoba. Zomwe zimayendera zimasungidwa. Kuzama kuyenera kuwonjezeka kufika pa 3 - 4 cm.
Mitunduyi imakhala yovuta kwambiri pa dothi, choncho simungathe kutsanulira madzi pansi kapena kuchepetsa kuthirira. Zonse zosamalirazo zatsala.
Zosiyanasiyana "Lark"
Dutch mid-season beets. Kuchokera pa nthawi yoyamba ya mphukira, masiku 100-120 ayenera kudutsa mpaka zipatso zifike kukhwima.
Zipatso ndizozungulira, zofiira, zofiira 150 - 300 g, tsamba laling'ono ndi laling'ono kwambiri. Thupi la mtundu womwewo monga peel, wopanda mphete zowonongeka, zimakhala zokoma kwambiri.
Kuwonetsetsa tsvetushnosti, zipatso za m'kalasizi zikhonza kusonkhanitsidwa ndi njira zowonetsera. Kusunga mizu "Larki" ikhoza kukhala nthawi yaitali, sizidzasokoneza.
Kulima kumafikira 6.5 makilogalamu pa mita imodzi iliyonse. Chizindikiro cha beet iyi ndi chakuti kumwa kwake kudzathandizira kuchotsa ma radionuclides kuchokera m'thupi la munthu. Zingagwiritsidwe ntchito zonse zofiira, komanso pokonzekera mbale zosiyanasiyana, ndi pokonza.
Beet iyi ndi yoyenera kumera, koma masiku oyenera amasungidwa. Mbewu ziyenera kuthirizidwa musanafese. Kusinthana ndi kayendedwe ka kukwera ndi zachibadwa.
Ndi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, kubzala kudzafunika kutetezedwa, makamaka ngati zomera akadakali aang'ono. Kuthirira, feteleza ndi kumasula nthaka kumafunika.
Monga taonekera kale, beetroot ndi zothandiza kwambiri masamba masamba. Choncho, kupezeka kwake sikungakulepheretseni, koma mosiyana - kudzapindula. Ndipo osati kwa inu nokha, komanso kwa banja lanu lonse, limene mudzatha kukondweretsa ndi zakudya zatsopano za beet.
