Mosakayikira, chikhalidwe chofunikira kwambiri pa zokolola za nyama iliyonse ndi thanzi, ndipo chingathetsedwe kupyolera mu kukwaniritsa zokhudzana ndizimene zimasungidwa.
Ngati funsoli likukhudzana ndi kusamalira mbuzi, ndibwino kuti muzindikire kuti ngakhale mutatenga chipinda chotani, kaya mukhale nkhokwe, khola, nyumba ya nkhosa, kapena nkhokwe yeniyeni yokhazikika, chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti malowa sagwidwa ndi matenda komanso imfa ya nyama.
Mwachidule, muyenera kupereka bedi losangalatsa, chitetezo cha nyengo ndi kuzizira, komanso mwayi wosamalira chisamaliro.
Ndizofunikira pazinthu izi za mbuzi zomwe tidzayese kuzifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane.
Chipinda chapadera cha mbuzi
Chipinda chimenecho, chomwe cholinga chake ndi kusunga mbuzi, chiyenera kukhala chofunda ndi chowuma, chachikulu, choyera, ndi mpweya wabwino, wopanda drafts. Mulimonsemo, nyumbayo iyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira. Koma, zinthu zoyamba poyamba.
Zovomerezeka zovomerezeka kwa mbuzi yamkaka
Mbuzi yamphongo iyenera kukhala yotentha ndi youma. Avereji kutentha mu nthawi ya chilimwe sayenera kupitirira kuwerengera + 18 ° С, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira musalole kutsika pansi + 5 - + 10 ° С.
Pamaso pa ana aang'ono, chizindikiro ichi sichiyenera kukhala pansi pa + 10 ° C. M'madera otentha, ndi nyengo yotentha, amaloledwa kusunga mbuzi m'bwalo pansi pa okhetsedwa, koma ngati malowa ali ozizira, ngakhale woyendetsa ndege ayenera kutenthedwa.
Mvula yoopsa ya kozlyatnika isamaimitse madzi. Koma ngakhale kuposa madontho akudzidzidzi mu mpweya kutentha, mbuzi amaopa drafts. Kufalitsa mpweya kuyenera kukhala yunifolomu. Ndi nthawi ino yomwe iyenera kuganiziridwa, poyamba kusankha malo kusunga nyama ndi kupanga chipinda chonse pamene mumanga kuchokera pachiyambi.
Zomwe zimakhala zowonongeka mu nkhokwe yambuzi
Mbuzi Sungamangidwe pafupi ndi maenje a manda, zipinda zam'madzi, komanso ambiri, kumene mpweya umatha kupezeka, komanso kuthekera kosalakwitsa m'matumba ndipamwamba.
Pambuyo pake, mbuzi - zinyama zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa chinyezi chakuda, komanso ngakhale chinyezi. Pachifukwa ichi, chipinda chimene mukufuna kuti chikhale nacho chikhale chouma komanso choyera.
Nkhumba zimatha kulekerera bwino, kuzizira kwa dzuwa kumawathandiza, koma dampness imatsutsana kwambiri. Mfundo ndizo Kutentha kwapamwamba kungayambitse vuto la kupuma. Condensate sayenera kudziunjikira, chifukwa chaichi ndikofunikira kuyendetsa mvula nthawi zambiri. Chinyezi chiyenera kugunda pa 75%.
Kupuma mpweya - ndikofunikira?
Zachibadwa, kukula kwathunthu kwa nyama kumayambiriro kumapereka mpweya wabwino ndi kuwala. Pa kukula kwa nyama zazing'ono, izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Vutoli likhoza kuthetsedwa poyika mawindo angapo mu chipinda cha mbuzi. Ndipotu, zatseguka mawindo ndi zitseko nyengo yotentha yomwe imapereka mpweya wabwino.
Chiwerengero cha mawindo ndi kukula kwa zitseko kumadalira kukula kwa chipinda. Iyenera kuganizira malo awo oyenera. Ndikofunika kuziika m'njira yoti mphepo siigwire nyama.
Nthawi zambiri mawindo amakhala kumbali yakumwera, kutalika kwa mamita 1.5 kuchokera pansi. Mawindo amayenera kukonzedweratu kuti athe kutsegulira ngakhale pamene zinyama zili mchipindamo. Mamirioni 1 a zenera ayenera kugwa pa mamita 20 pansi pa mbuzi.
Makomo ayenera kupangidwa ndi malo, ndipo kuthekera kutsegula panja ndikofunikira kwambiri pamoto, popeza pali udzu wambiri womwe umakhala wosavuta. Mbali ya kutalika kwake imakhala kuchokera pa 15 mpaka 17 centimita.
Njira ina ya mpweya wabwino ingaganizidwe kutulutsa mpweya - chitoliro cha tetrahedral, ndi mapeto a kunja. Chishango chingagwirizane pamwamba pa chitoliro chotere, chimene, ngati kuli kofunikira, chingatsegulidwe kapena kutsekedwa kuti chiteteze mvula ndi chisanu kuti zisagwere mmenemo. Mu nyumba ya mbuzi, komwe mbuzi imodzi ndi mbuzi ikukhala, malowa sakufunika.
Mipando ingapangidwe mu chipinda; mpweya wabwino udzakhazikitsidwa bwino kudzera mwa iwo. Kawirikawiri amatha kukonza njira imodzi yothamanga (35x35 centimita) kwa nyama khumi. Timakonza wodyetsa wodyetsa nyama: malangizo othandiza kwambiri kuchokera kwa akatswiri
Mapangidwe a feeders amadalira kotheratu mtundu wa zakudya zomwe mumakonza nthawi zambiri kupereka kwa zinyama. Njira yowonjezereka ndiyo mtundu wothandizira, popeza muzosiyana zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ndi bwino kukonzekera wodyetsa m'njira yoti nthawi zonse pamene akudyetsa simukuyenera kulowa m'khola kwa zinyama. Zoonadi, kumenyana ndi udzu kapena chidebe chodyetserako chakudya kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusunthira kayendetsedwe kayekha, ndipo ngati zikuchitika ndi gulu losazengereza la mbuzi likuyenda pansi pa mapazi awo, ndiye kuti ndilowiri.
Kwa udzu, ndikwanira kupachika pa imodzi ya makoma a mkati mwa mbuzi ya ana, yomwe iyenera kukhala ndi theka la mita kuchokera pansi. Zikhoza kupangidwa kuchokera ku zitsulo zamitengo, kapena kuchokera ku matabwa, kapena kuchokera ku chips.
Kudyetsa chakudya kumbali yomwe chakudya chimayikidwa chiyenera kuperekedwa. bolodi loteteza. Izi zidziteteza mbuzi kuti ipeze chakudya kuchokera kumwamba. Mabwalo ambali amaletsa mbuzi kulowa mu wodyetsa. Kuti mumve mosavuta, wodyetsa akhoza kupangidwa kuchoka.
Ngati bokosi laling'ono likuikidwa pansi pa ziweto, ndiye kuti mapesi ang'onoang'ono ndi masamba amasonkhanitsidwa kumeneko, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazowonjezera zowonjezera zakudya: chakudya cha beet, kudula, chimanga, ndi mchere.
Kwa mbuzi zazikulu, wodyetsa ayenera kukhala ndi masentimita 65 m'lifupi, kutalika kwa 75 (kwa roughage), masentimita 40 ndi 25, 30 sentimita (chifukwa chazing'ono). Kwa nyama wamkulu, kudyetsa kutsogolo ndi pafupifupi masentimita 20 mpaka 30.
Mukamadyetsa mbuzi panja, onetsetsani kuti malo ogulitsira chakudya amadzazidwa ndi mphepo. Ngati mukuganiza kuti mukugwiritsira mbuzi ku khola monga chofunikira, ndiye kuti musamangire chingwe mwamphamvu. Mbuziyo iyenera kusuntha momasuka m'njira zosiyanasiyana komanso ngakhale kugona.
Ziribe kanthu momwe mumamangira chipangizo chodyetsera mbuzi, chinthu chachikulu chimene chinali choyenera kugwiritsa ntchito.
Ndizotheka, ndithudi, kudyetsa mbuzi kuchokera pansi, koma iyi si njira yowonjezera yochuluka yokweza zinyama.
Kukonzekera kupeza nthawi zonse madzi oyera ndi kophweka
Omwe amamwa mowa ayenera kupachikidwa kumbali ina ya mbale ya chakudya. Miyezo yoyenera ya mbale zothirira ndi izi: masentimita 40 m'lifupi ndi 20-25 masentimita pamwamba.
Kuti mupeze nthawi zonse madzi oyera, mungathe kumanga mowa wambiri. Mukaiyika pampakati pakati pa mapepala awiri, ndiye kuti kupeza madzi kumaperekedwa kwa zinyama zambiri kumbali zonse ziwiri kamodzi.
Mukhoza kuthirira mbuzi kuchokera kuzinthu zilizonse, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti asasokoneze. Mwachitsanzo, chidebe chimatha kumangidwa pamakona mothandizidwa ndi lace, ndipo n'zotheka kusintha ndondomeko ya chidebecho.
Kwa ana aang'ono, kutalika kwa pansi sikuyenera kupitirira masentimita 20, akulu - pafupifupi mamita 0.5. Madzi mu matanki ayenera kusintha kawiri pa tsikupamene akutsuka oledzera.
Zomangamanga kapena magawo onse a zomangamanga
Mbuzi, nyama nonse wodzichepetsa. Zingathe kukhala mosavuta mu chipinda chosiyana, ndi m'khola la nkhosa, m'khola, ndi m'khola. Koma, ngati mutayang'aniridwa kuti mukhale ndi anthu oposa 3-4, ndi bwino kumanga chipinda chokha, ndikuwona malamulo onse.
Poyambirira, muyenera kusankha malo abwino, poganizira malo oyenera a nkhokwe, ndi malo oyendayenda muchisanu ndi chilimwe. Musamange mbuzi yokhetsedwa mu chipinda chimodzi kapena pafupi nkhuku nkhuku, chifukwa imaopseza mbuzi ndi maonekedwe a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ndondomeko yoyendayenda ndiyofunikira mbuzi, chifukwa zimathandiza kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chikhale bwino. Zimalangizidwa kuti apange paddock, komanso khomo la chipinda ndi mbuzi, kumbali yakumwera.
Tetezani malo kuti muyende muyenera kukhala mpanda wa theka la mita. Gawo la malo oyendamo liyenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo ndi dzuwa. Pa tsamba lomwelo mukhoza kukhazikitsa slabi, mbuzi idzachapa nsombazo. Choncho, mudzakhala ndi vuto limodzi.
Zimalangizidwa kumanga zochepa zazing'ono pamwamba pa mipanda. Chilifupi ndi masentimita 50-60. Kugona pa iwo kumakhala kotentha kuposa pa konkire kapena pansi. Amakhulupirira kuti mbuzi ikugona pamabediwa, khalani ndi chitetezo champhamvu kwambiri ndipo musadwale.
Ngati pali mitengo mu paddock, thunthu lawo liyenera kutetezedwa ndi galasi lamkuwa. Choncho mbuzi sizingathe kuzimitsa makungwa ndikupangitsa mbewuyo kufa. Timasankha zipangizo zomanga: ubwino ndi kuipa kwa zosankha zosiyanasiyana
Pa ntchito yomanga mbuzi mungatenge mtundu uliwonse wazinthu, malinga ndi malo komanso malo okhala. Zitha kukhala: mitundu yonse ya zipangizo zamatabwa (njerwa, zotchinga), adobe, adobe, timbered, plank.
Ngati mumasankha zinthu pamakoma a zitseko, mpweya, umene uli mkati mwa malo oima, nthawi yomweyo udzachita ntchito ziwiri - kutsekemera ndi zomangamanga.
Mtengowu umakhalanso ndi ziwalo zabwino zobisala, koma, mwatsoka, zimakhala zochepa, zimakhala ndi ming'alu. Pakapita nthawi mipatayi idzafuna kutentha kwina.
Mulimonsemo palibe mipata. Ngati mumanga mapulani a matabwa, mutha kuwonjezera makoma achiwiri, ndipo lembani mipata pakati pa makoma ndi zipangizo zilipo: masamba, peat, utuchi, pine zingano.
Ngati njerwa zodalirika zimasankhidwa ngati zipangizo zamakoma, ndiye kamatabwa kakang'ono kangamangidwe pamwamba pa okhetsedwa. Mungagwiritse ntchito kusungira udzu kapena zinthu zogona, ndi kusungirako zolemba. Kuti mukhale ophweka, ndizofunika kuti muthe kuchoka mkati. Choncho zidzakhala zosavuta kupitiliza kutaya kuchuluka kwa udzu kapena zinyalala.
Mfundo zomwe sizingasankhidwe kumanga khungu la mbuzi makoma ndi mwala. Kuzizira ndikuteteza chinyezi. Onetsetsani kuti mukufunikira kuti izizizira.
Ndibwino kuti tiganizire kuti khola lidzataya nthawi zonse pamtunda, chifukwa zimapangidwa ndi matabwa. Choncho, m'pofunika kutentha. Matendawa angakhale abwino. Njira ina yosungirako mankhwala ingakhale ngati chithovu. Koma izi ziyenera kukhala tarred.
Kuyambira: ndondomeko ya ndondomeko ya ntchito yomanga
Pokonzekera mbuzi, onetsetsani kuti mupereke malo osungira zakudya ndi zogona. Ngati pansi nthawi zonse imakhala ndi udzu wouma, imatenga mkodzo, ndipo imakhala ngati kusungunula bwino, komanso kupewa kutayika kwa nyama, popeza aspreta idzaphatikizidwa ndi udzu.
Pomanga makoma ayenera kulingalira izi:
- Kutalika kwa chipika sikuyenera kupitirira 2.5-2.8 mamita. Ngati mumanyalanyaza vutoli, kutentha kumakhala kochedwa kwambiri.
- Makoma ayenera kukhala ophweka monga momwe angathere; Kupalapa koyera kumapangidwa bwino mu kasupe ndi m'dzinja.
- Makoma ayenera kukhala amphamvu, musatuluke ma drafts.
- Musaiwale za mawindo, zomwe tanena kale.
Malinga ndi momwe angamangidwenso komanso momwe amamangidwira amafunikanso kuchitidwa ndi udindo. Zokonda pansi pa malo okhala ndi konkire, matabwa, dongo, dziko lapansi.
- Ngati kuli kwanzeru kufufuza zomwe zingatheke, mtengowo ndiwotentha kuposa konkire, koma ukulephera mofulumira. Muyenera kumanga mabowo mumatabwa pambuyo pa zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndipo mwinamwake mungafunikirenso m'malo. Chifukwa cha ichi ndikutuluka kwa ammonia ndi chinyezi.
- Ngati screed ikutsanulira pansi pamtunda pang'ono, manyowa ndi mkodzo adzatulutsidwa kunja kapena pakona imodzi.
- N'zotheka kutentha pansi konkire ngati ikathiridwa pa mpira wa slag pa mpira kapena kuyika pamwamba pa nsanja. Pankhaniyi, sitiyenera kuiwala kusintha zinyalala za udzu kapena udzu.
- Pansi ayenera kukhala mamita masentimita 20 kuchokera pansi.
- Maziko a kozlyatnika sangakhale osaya, pafupifupi masentimita imodzi.
- Njira yoyenera pansiyo imatengedwa ngati dothi kapena dothi. Kutalika kwake sikuyenera kupitirira masentimita 20 pamwamba pa nthaka.
- Sipadzakhala fungo losasangalatsa pamalo pomwe mbuzi imasungidwa, ngati thumba la madzi likupangidwa kukhala chidebe chimodzi, chomwe chiyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi zonse.
Ngati mumanga bwino khola, ndiye kuti zidzathandiza kuti mbuzi zanu zisamalire bwino. Inde, musaiwale za kukweta kwa nyama izi. Koma, pali zochitika pamene kudzipatula ndikofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, nyama ikadwala kapena ikamenya. Choncho, ganizirani izi:
- Mpanda ukhoza kupangidwa ndi matabwa. Kutalika kwa mpanda - osachepera 1.2 mamita.
- Pansi pa khola liyenera kuikidwa pansi pamtunda.
- Chitseko mu khola chiyenera kupangidwa ndi matabwa achitsulo.
- Mulimonsemo, payenera kukhala chikho ndi zakumwa mu khola.
Pankhani ya kukula kwa khola, mbuzi ndizochepa kawirikawiri wotchuka chifukwa cha mtima wamtendere, nthawi zambiri pamene akudya palibe mtendere ndi bata. Malingana ndi izi, khola lingamangidwe motsatira mfundo yowakhazikika.
Pa mbuzi iliyonse imadalira malo osachepera 2 mamita.. Ngati mukukonzekera kusunga ana a mbuzi awiri mu khola, malowa sayenera kukhala osachepera 4 mita mamita
Kwa mbuzi, monga lamulo, khola losiyana limachotsedwa, kutali ndi mbuzi. Izi ndi zothandiza pa kukwatira, monga momwe mwamuna amakhalira wolimba kwambiri muzolowera. Mgwirizanowu umakhudza ubwino wa mkaka, fungo la amuna amatha kupita ku mkaka.
Sitiyenera kuiwala za malo enieni omwe amaikidwirako, kutaya nyama ndi manyowa. Kulikonzekera sikovuta. Momwemonso, madziwa sangasokoneze malo apafupi, izi zidzakhala zosavuta kutsata malamulo a ukhondo ndikupitiriza kukhetsa panthawi yomwe ikuyendetsa.
Malangizo othandiza pa ntchito yomanga nkhokwe kwa ana
Ndikofunika kuti amayi apakati ndi gulu lonse la mbuzi azilekanitsidwa ndikusungidwa m'matumba osiyana. Pambuyo pa zonse, monga chamoyo chilichonse, mbuzi izi zimafuna mtendere.
Ndipotu, mbuzi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta, ndipo pamakhala ndi amayi apakati, izi zingabweretse padera.
Ngati mbuzi imayenera kupha nkhosa m'nyengo yozizira, zidzakhala zokwanira kuti zikhale 2.5m2, ndipo ngati kasupe, dera lino likhoza kuchepetsedwa kufika 2 m2. Mwana wamng'ono amafunikira pafupifupi 0,8 m2 moyo wonse.
Mbuzi yomwe ili ndi ana idzayenera kukhala mu khola losiyana kwa miyezi yambiri, mpaka anyamata akule. Komabe, mfundo yayikulu siyinene kuchuluka kwa dera lomwe lagawidwa, koma zokhudzana ndi zinyama zowuma ndi ukhondo. Ngati zomwe zili zowonjezereka, ndiye kuti kuthekera kwa kuwononga thanzi kumawonjezereka kangapo.
