Raspberries ndi chikhalidwe cha moyo monga mbatata ndi tomato.
Choncho, amawonekera ku mavairasi osiyanasiyana, mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo zomwe zingawononge kwambiri zomera.
Ndi bwino kuzindikira ndi kuteteza chitukuko cha matendawa m'kupita kwa nthawi kusiyana ndi kuyembekezera mpaka icho chidutsa paokha.
Zinyama ndi matenda ena angayambitse kuwonongeka kwa tchire, zomwe zingakhale zodabwitsa kwambiri kwa inu. Koma muyenera kudziwa mdani mwayekha.
Choncho, musanakhale mndandanda wa matenda wamba ndi tizirombo ta raspberries.
Grey kuvunda
Matendawa amakhudza nthaka yonse ya chitsamba: masamba, maluwa, zipatso, m'munsi mwa mphukira. Mphunzi imvi imawonekera pa masamba ndi zipatso. Ndikutulukira kwa nthawi yaitali ku "pubescence" zipatsozo zimakhala zopanda phindu.
Matenda omwe amagwira ntchito kwambiri amayamba m'madera otentha kwambiri komanso mvula yambiri. Ngati chilimwe chiri mvula, ndiye kuti nyengo yonse ya imvi imatha kugunda kuposa theka la mbeu yonse. Nkhalango za bowa zimakhala zowala kwambiri, zimawoneka mlengalenga ndikufalikira ndi mphepo yamkuntho pamtunda wautali kwambiri.
Pofuna kuteteza chitukuko cha imvi, m'pofunikira kuthana ndi tchire ndi XOM musanayambe masamba. Chiwerengerocho chiyenera kutengedwa pambali ya dera: mamita 100 lalikulu muyenera kutenga 40 g ya mankhwala pa 10 malita a madzi, ndipo ngati dera liri lalikulu mamita 25, ndiye kuti mutenge 10 g pa 2.5 malita a madzi.
Mukuyenera kusamalira osati tchire okha, komanso malo omwe mukubzala. Pamene zipatso zimayamba kumangidwa, muyenera kuwaza dziko kuzungulira tchire ndi phulusa kapena malasha. Pankhaniyi Musamwe madzi zomera ndi njira ya mvulamakamaka madzi ozizira, chifukwa cha izi, matendawa akhoza kufalikira ndikukula mofulumira.
Ngati rasipiberi wanu akadali odwala ndi kuvila imvi, ndiye kuti tchire tiyenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga ndi njira yothetsera mkuwa ndi sopo kapena boric acid mu njira yothetsera 1%.
White malo
Matendawa amafalikira mofulumira kwambiri, ndipo amayamba ndi zinyama zakutchire, ndipo amapita ku chikhalidwe chodzala. Akuwombera ndi masamba.
Gawo loyamba la chitukukochi likupezeka mu June, koma limapitirizabe kukula nyengo yonse ya kukula.
White spotting ayamba kuoneka mwa mapangidwe obiriwira mawanga pa masamba ndi wakuda splashes. Patapita nthawi, mtundu wa mawangawo umasintha ndipo umakhala wowala. Mawanga awa amatchedwa pycnidia.
Mkati mwa "zilonda" izi zimakhala zambirimbiri za fungal spores. Pang'onopang'ono, mawangawo ayamba kufalikira pamwamba pa tsamba lonse, zomwe zimayambitsa kuyanika.
Pa mphukira zakhudza mbalizi zomwe zili pakatikati ndi impso ndi internodes. Mitengoyo imayamba kugwedezeka, makungwa amadzaza ndi mamba, ndipo malo okhudzidwa ndi mphukira amakhala ndi pycnidia yambiri.
White spotting ingayambitse kufalikira kwa masamba, komanso kuphulika kwakukulu kwa zimayambira. Amapanga overwinter pa zimayambira, zomwe zimapangitsa nthambi kukhala magwero aakulu a matenda.
Pamene masamba ndi mphukira zatsopano zimapangidwa kumapeto kwa nyengo, amayamba kutenga kachilomboka. Matendawa amakula kwambiri pamatenda otentha komanso kutentha kwambiri.
Poyera kumalo oyera, sulfure imayenda bwino. Mukamakolola, tchire amafunika kuchitidwa ndi colloidal yankho la sulufule muyeso wa 40-50 g ya mankhwala pa 10 malita a madzi.
Pa mamita 10 lalikulu muyenera kusiya 2 malita a yankho. Chifukwa cha mvula yambiri, malo oyera amatha kukhalanso mwamsanga, choncho ndi bwino kuponyera mbande nthawi zambiri kuti pasakhale chomera chochuluka kwambiri m'madera ena.
Pambuyo pa kusonkhanitsa zipatso, m'pofunika kuchotsa ndi kuwotcha mphukira za msinkhu womwewo ndi zimayambira zomwe zabala zipatso. Ngati kuthawa sikudapweteke kwambiri, zikanatha kuchotsa nsonga yake. Kumapeto kwa autumn kapena kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, nthaka yonse m'deralo iyenera kukumba bwino, phosphorous-potaziyamu fetereza imayambira pansi.
M'chaka, pamene zomera zimayamba pachimake, raspberries ayenera kuchitidwa ndi Bordeaux madzi ndi ndende ya 1%. M'nyengo yotentha, zimalangizanso kupopera tchire ndi chinthu ichi.
Nthawi yoyamba mabulosi amayenera kukonzedwa pamene mphukira zazing'ono zimatha kutalika kwa 15-20 masentimita, nthawi yachiwiri - isanatuluke, ndipo chachitatu - mwamsanga kutha kwa maluwa. Ngati matendawa akufulumira kwambiri, ndiye kuti chithandizochi chiyenera kuchitika mutatha kukolola zipatso.
Kutupa
Matenda wamba. Zingasokoneze mbeu 10 mpaka 30% ya mbewu ya rasipiberi. Chiwonongeko chimakhudza masamba, zimayambira, mapesi ndi mphukira zazing'ono.
Poyambira mu May, lalanje-chikasu chochepa chimapezeka pamtunda wa masamba, petioles ndi mphukira zachitsamba. Mu tubercles awa ndi masika a bowa.
Kutenga kwa mphukira zazing'ono ndi masamba zimapitirira mwamsanga kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, kumunsi kwa masamba amatha kuona malo otentha kwambiri, omwe ndi powdery pustules a chilimwe spores. Kufalikira kwa spores za chilimwe kumabweretsa kachilombo ka kachilombo ka tchire.
M'dzinja, mikangano imene inakhazikitsidwa m'chilimwe imalowetsedwa ndi nyengo yozizira, ndipo pachimake pa tsamba la pansi pa tsambali likhoza kuchotsedwa mosavuta. Zimayambira zimakhudzidwa kudera lomwe lili pafupi ndi mizu. Mitengo imakhala ndi zilonda zazikulu, zomwe zimapezeka kuti zamoyo zamtunduwu zimakhala "masika.
Zakhudzidwa nthambi zimatuluka ndi kuzizira mofulumira kwambiri. Mycelium ya bowa imalowa mkati mwa mphukira ndipo imakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali. Chiphuphu chimakula mofulumira kwambiri pamtambo.
Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, muyenera kuchotsa mphukira za matenda, ndipo masamba akugwa ayenera kusonkhanitsidwa ndikuwotchedwa. Kumayambiriro kwa masika, tchire tiyenera kuchiritsidwa ndi yankho la nitraphenol (2-3%, 200-300 g pa 10 malita a madzi). Kusintha ndi kugonjera nthaka pakati pa mizere ya zomera.
Masana asanatuluke, ndipo atatha zipatsozo, atherani tchire ndi njira yothetsera mapiritsi (mapiritsi 2 mpaka 3 pa lita 10 za madzi). Palinso mankhwala oyenera kutsutsana ndi malo oyera komanso imvi zowola.
Ngati dzimbiri linagunda malo ambiri, ndiye kuti chilimwe isanayambe maluwa, itatha ndipo itatha kukolola, tchire amafunika kuchitidwa ndi Bordeaux madzi ndi ndondomeko ya 1%.
Pamene chodzala, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito wathanzi mbande za kugonjetsedwa mitundu ya rasipiberi. Zitsamba zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi dzimbiri pa tsinde kukumba ndi kuwotcha. Onetsetsani kuti mutha masamba omwe wagwa, kudula nthambi zomwe zakhudzidwa ndikuziwotcha zonse. Zimalangizanso kuti nthawi zonse zimbe pansi pakati pa zitunda ndikuchotsa namsongole.
N'zosangalatsanso kuwerenga za chikasu cha raspberries.
Anthracnose
Matendawa amakhudza masamba, masamba, mphukira, zipatso ndi mapesi a phesi. Mphukira pachaka ndi masamba amakhudzidwa, achinyamata kukula ndi maburashi ndi zipatso pa biennial mphukira akuvutika.
Masambawa amadzaza ndi madera ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi phokoso lofiirira komanso malo oviira. Dera lililonse la malo likhoza kukhala 1 mpaka 3 mm. Kawirikawiri amapangidwa motsatira mitsempha komanso m'mphepete mwake.
Ndi chitukuko cha matendawa, mawangawo amadzaza malo onse a tsamba la masamba, ndipo masamba okhawo amauma ndi kugwa. Ma petioles ali ndi malo ochepetsedwa omwe amawoneka ngati zilonda.
M'kupita kwa nthawi, zizindikirozi zimagwirizana ndi fomu imodzi ndi mawonekedwe. Amawombera osakwana chaka chimodzi, zilonda zazikulu, zozungulira, zofiira pamwamba, kuzungulira mitundu yofiira. Makungwa a tsinde la matenda amakhala ofiira ndipo amadzazidwa ndi zilonda zam'mimba. Odwala bwino amafa.
Zipatso zazitsamba zimakhala bulauni, ndipo zipatso zimauma. Matendawa amayamba kukula m'mawa, masamba atatha. Osawaza kwambiri amadwala muzaka zimenezo pamene kuli mvula yambiri.
Pofuna kuthana ndi kuteteza chitukuko cha matendawa, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito Bordeaux madzi (1% yankho), lomwe liyenera kuthana ndi zomera komanso nthaka yozungulira.
M'nthaŵi ya chilimwe, pofuna kuchiza, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa kapena mkuwa oxychloride. Ndikofunika kukonza tchire katatu - pamene mphukira zazing'ono zimafika kutalika kwa 15-20 masentimita, musanatulukire komanso pambuyo maluwa.
Ngati tchire "tikudwala" kwambiri, ndiye kuti kufunika koyenera mutatha kukolola. Ndikofunika kuchepetsa tchire kotero kuti kuyendetsa sikokuda kwambiri. Nkofunika kuchotsa mphukira zofooka, komanso nthambi zomwe zinali ndi zipatso. Ndikofunika kuchotsa namsongole.
Malo okongola
Matendawa amakhudza masamba, masamba ndi mphukira pachaka. Zizindikiro zoyamba za mabala amapezeka pamapazi aang'ono.
Kumalo kumene masamba amamangirizira ku phesi, mukhoza kuona mawanga omwe amawoneka ofiira ndi zofiira zosadziwika za mtundu wofiirira. Pakapita nthawi, amakula kukula, kugwirizanitsa ndikuphimba pamwamba pa mphukira.
Masamba, petioles ndi zipatso zimaphimbidwa ndi zikuluzikulu zam'madzi, zomwe zimayambitsa kufota kwa mbali zonse za rasipiberi chitsamba.
Odwala amawombera ndi mawanga oviira, ndipo makungwa a m'dera lino akuthawa, ming'alu imapangidwa. Nthambi zam'mbali zomwe zili ndi kachilombo zimafa. Nsalu yotsekemera imatha kuwononga chomera chonse chofiira.
Matendawa amayamba nyengo yonse yolima - kuyambira masika kumapeto kwa autumn.
Ngati nyengo yozizira siyikali koopsa, nkhungu imakula panthawiyi. Pankhaniyi, chiwerengero cha mawanga achifiira chimakula kwambiri, ndipo mawangawo amaphimba pamwamba pa tsinde, zomwe zimabweretsa msanga.
Ambiri omwe amawoneka ndi chifuwa chofiira amakhala ndi nyengo yamvula.
Mukadwala, muyenera kuchotsa odwala, kuwadula pafupi ndi muzu. Pofuna kupewa chitukuko cha bowa, nkofunika kuchepetsa kutsetsereka, kuti mphepo ikhale yovuta.
Simungathe kuwonjezera pa kuthirira ndi kudzala rasipiberi tchire. Malingaliro amodzimodzi ndi ofanana ndi omwe amatsutsana ndi matendawa.
Mame a Mealy
Zinthu zabwino kwambiri pa chitukuko cha matendawa ndi kutentha kwakukulu komanso kutentha kwambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake chiwerengero cha matenda omwe ali ndi powdery mildew a rasipiberi akugwa pakati theka la chilimwe.
Maonekedwe oyera a powdery amapezeka kumbali zonse ziwiri za masamba. Zomwe amamera mphukira zazing'ono zimachokera kuwonongedwa.
Chifukwa cha ufa wa powdery mildew, nthambi zazing'ono izi zimasiya kuphuka, ndizopunduka, ndi kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira.
Masamba okhudzidwa amauma, ndipo zipatso zimakhala zoipa kwambiri.
Pofuna kupewa ndi kuchiza powdery mildew, muyenera thandizani mphukira zomwe zili kale otplodonosili, ndi zina zatsalira. 4 nthawi muyenera kukonza rasipiberi Bordeaux madzi.
Chlorosis
Matendawa ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pa tchire omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, masambawo amatembenukira chikasu ndi kupunduka. Masamba a mphukira zowera amakhala ofooka, nthambi zimakula mochepa, zipatso zimakhala zouma ndipo sizidya.
Zitsamba zili ndi kachilombo ka mphutsi. Raspberries angathenso kutenga kachilombo kaye kosakhala parasitic chlorosis. Mitundu ya chlorosis imayamba pamene zomera zimasowa zakudya, monga manganese, chitsulo, ndi boron.
Komanso, kukula kwa mtundu uwu wa chlorosis kumapangitsa nyengo yoipa. Zikuwoneka ngati zimakhala zowonjezereka kwambiri kapena zapakati pa nthaka, komanso nthawi ya kutentha.
Zitsamba zingathe kuvutika ngati zimamwe madzi ndi madzi ozizira.
Pofuna kuteteza matenda, muyenera kuwononga nsabwe za m'masamba, muzichitira zomera ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mitengo yodwala imafuna kukumba ndi kuyaka. Musanayambe kuchita ndi chlorosis, muyenera kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa.
Ngati nthaka ili ndi kuchuluka kwa acidity, ndiye koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito gypsum mu 100-120 g pa mita imodzi imodzi pansi. Ngati chinyezi chiri chapamwamba kwambiri, koma miyeso iyenera kutengedwa kuti ikhale yoyenerera. Malo okhala ndi chinyezi chochuluka ayenera kukhala ouma pang'ono. Kuchepetsa zotsatira za chlorosis kungakhale kupyolera mu kuyambitsa humus, peat kapena kompositi.
Kumera
Matenda owopsa kwambiri a tizilombo. Ngati chitsamba chikudwala, ndiye kuti pang'onopang'ono pang "ono ting'onoting'ono titafika 30-50 masentimita. Pa mtengo umodzi mukhoza kukhala zidutswa zokwana 200 za mapesi.
Matendawa ndi ofunika kwambiri, choncho raspberries onse omwe ali m'kati ayenera kuwonongedwa.
Kulimbana ndi kofunika ndi ma vectors of kukula - nematodes ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Mbeu zokhazokha zomwe zakhala zikukula mokhulupirika muzipinda zapadera ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa.
Zoonadi kutero Chotsani zomera zakufa kapena tchire zomwe timaganizira kuti tili ndi kachilombo kapena matenda a mycoplasma.
Nthawi zonse amayenera kulimbana ndi cicadas ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Pakufalikira kwa masamba ndi pamaso pa maluwa a raspberries, nkofunikira kuthana ndi yankho la Karbofos ndi ndondomeko ya 0.75%.
Musayambe matendawa mu rasipiberi. Pambuyo pake, simungathe kutaya chitsamba chimodzi, koma munda wonse.
