Anthu anali akugwira ntchito ku gusevodnost kuyambira kale, tsopano ili kutsogolera nthambi ya ulimi wamakono. Padziko lonse lapansi, atsekwe amakula palimodzi m'minda yamagulu ndi minda yaing'onoting'ono, ndipo amachiwiri pambuyo pa nkhuku. Amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha nyama yophika, chakudya cha chiwindi (chowunikira chachikulu cha France), chifukwa cha pansi, nthenga komanso, kukongola. Osonkhanitsa amafalitsa ndalama zambiri za mitundu yosawerengeka, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha nkhono, ndi mazira awo.
Kufotokozera za mitundu yabwino ya atsekwe: mawonekedwe, ubwino ndi zovuta, zokolola, kufotokoza mazira
Inu mumayima pamaso pa chisankho, ndi mitundu iti ya atseti yomwe ingakhale yabwino kugula? Pakali pano, pali mitundu yoposa 25 ya tsekwe. Aliyense ali ndi ubwino wake ndi ubwino wake, komanso zizindikiro za kuswana ndi kusamalira. Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kufunikira koti mudziwe chifukwa chake mukupangidwira?
Tsatirani pano Mitundu itatu ya mtundu waukulu:
zolemetsa (nyama);
zofiira (zokongoletsera);
zopepuka (kwa mafakitale).
Zopindulitsa zazikulu ndi zovuta za mitundu yofala kwambiri zidzafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane.
Mitundu yamakono imagawidwa kukhala mitundu:
zolemetsa (nyama);
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kupeza zakudya zamtengo wapatali komanso chiwindi. Toulouse, Kholmogorskaya, Lindovskaya, Mitundu ikuluikulu imakhala yovuta kwambiri.
zofiira (zokongoletsera);
Izi ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imatchuka chifukwa cha makhalidwe apamwamba. Anthu akuluakulu, nkhuku ndi mazira amagulidwa ndi osonkhanitsa pa mtengo "wokongola".
kuwala (iwo amamangidwa chifukwa cha mafakitale).
Pa ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mitundu yosiyana, tidzakambirana momwe polojekitiyi ikuyendera.
Lindovskaya mtundu
Ndi mtundu wovuta womwe umatchuka pakati pa anthu a mtundu wankhanza, omwe amazindikiritsidwa kuti ndi ma dziko, chifukwa ali ndi ubwino wambiri wosatsutsika. Mwalamulo, mtunduwu unavomerezedwa mu 1994, malo oberekera awa atsekwe ndi Nizhny Novgorod Region. Mitunduyi inabzalidwa ndi abambo oweta, kudutsa nsomba zambiri za ku Russia ndi Chinese. Chotsatira chake, adalandira mawonekedwe achikulire, amchere, omwe amawatcha Gorky. Pofuna kuti mtunduwu ukhale wolemetsa, kuonjezera thupi lake, komanso kuwongolera ubwino wa nthenga ndi nthenga, zotsekwezo zimadutsa ndi Arzamas ndi Landa ganders. Oimira mitundu yatsopanoyi adadutsana wina ndi mzake kuti apange makhalidwe abwino mwa kusankha yekha, kotero kuti mtundu wamakono wapamwamba unayambika. Ku Russia, 50% ya atsekwe omwe alipo alipo a mtundu uwu.
Iwo ali ndi lamulo lalikulu, moyo wolemera wa munthu wamkulu ndi pafupifupi pafupifupi makilogalamu 8. Atsekwewa sangakhale olemera kuposa 12 kg. Mphuno yawo imakhala yoyera (mutatha kudula, mtembo umawoneka wokongola ndi wokondweretsa).
Atsekwe oterewa ali ndi mutu wokhala ndi mutu wokhala ndi phokoso loyambirira; likuwonekera kwa nthawi yoyamba mu goslings wa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri. Thunthu la mbalame yaikulu ndi yaitali komanso lamphamvu.
Ubwino waukulu wa mtunduwu ndi:
kukula;
Mafinya amatha kulemera, 2 mofulumira kuposa mitundu ina. Pakadutsa miyezi 5 akhoza kulemera makilogalamu 7, ndipo 11 kg pa chaka - izi ndizisonyezero kuti kubzala mbalamezi ndi kopindulitsa.
kupanga mazira;
Ndibwino, kasupe kameneka kamatha kupereka dzira limodzi patsiku.
kupirira kwachinyamata;
Goslings sakhala odwala, ndi olimba komanso osadya chakudya kuyambira sabata yachiwiri akhoza kudyetsedwa ngati akuluakulu.
nyama;
Nyama yamphongo ndi yokoma kwambiri, yokhala ndi zovuta kwambiri komanso zokoma.
maluso othandizira;
Mbalameyi ndi yolimba, imatha kusintha bwino ndi kupirira kwathunthu kuzizira ndi kutentha. Iwo ukhoza kukhala pa chisanu cha madigiri makumi anayi, popanda kutaya makhalidwe ake. Mbalameyi sichimakonda kujambula - ichi ndi chokha chomwe chimapangitsa malo.
mtendere;
Atsekwe ali mwamtheradi osakhala mkangano, amakhala mwamtendere ndi wina ndi mzake, samatsutsana ndi anansi awo mu bwalo la nkhuku. Kubwezeredwa kwa 100%;
Phindu la kubzala mbalame ndilokwezeka kwambiri ngati mutatsatira malamulo onse okhudzana ndi kusamalira, kudyetsa ndi kuswana. Atsekwe ndi osowa zakudya zawo, chifukwa cha izi, ndalama zodyera zimachepetsedwa kwambiri ndipo phindu limakula kwambiri.
Mtunduwu uli ndi zofooka zambiri, izi ndizo:
kulandira matenda a hymenolepitism;
Matendawa amakhudza zinyama zazing'ono, zomwe m'matumbo mwawo sizinayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adye mitsinje yamchere ndi algae. Anthu odwala amakhala otha msinkhu, amadziona kuti ndi otsika, amavutika maganizo. Monga njira yothandizira, pang'onopang'ono amayamba kuwonjezera algae, ndipo kenaka nsomba, m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.
chithandizo;
Matendawa amachitikira ku masika ku mbalame zambiri zamtundu uwu, atatha kuyenda nthawi yozizira, ndipo chakudya sichinali chosiyana. Kuswana kumathandiza kokha pogona.
Kubereka makhalidwe ofunika amataika ngati mbalame sizipita ku gombe.
Mlingo wa kusungidwa kwa ziweto goslings ndi 90%. Nkhono zimakula kwambiri pa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu, imalemera makilogalamu 4, ndipo zimakhala ndi kukula kwachangu ngakhale pakadutsa miyezi itatu. Pa nthawiyi (August-September) chakudya chamtengo wapatali komanso masamba ambiri.
Mafinya a makumi anayi amatha kukhala chete m'madzi, ndipo zakudya zawo zonse zimakhala ndi udzu wosavuta, womwe umapatsa alimi kusunga chakudya chamtengo wapatali. Atsekwe ali okonzeka kukwatirana pa miyezi isanu ndi itatu, mphukira ya amayi imakhala ndi nkhuku zabwino kwambiri ndipo atsekwe ndi makolo osamalira.
Iwo amakhala ndi mazira 50, ndibwino kuti mbalame zamphamvu zamoyo zikhale ndi mazira 70 pa nthawi yonse yagona. Mazira si ophweka kuposa 140 g ndipo ndi olemera kuposa 170 g, ali ndi 90% -80%) omwe amatha kutulutsa mazira.
Mitundu ya Kholmogory
Uwu ndi mtundu wabwino kwambiri kwa omwe akufuna kubzala atsekwe pa famu ya padera payekha zosowa zawo komanso malonda ang'onoang'ono ochepa.
Mbalame za mtundu uwu zimakhala zomangirira mwamphamvu, thupi lalikulu, lomwe limakhala lozungulira. Iwo ali ndi khosi lautali lalitali, wobwerera mwamphamvu kwambiri ndi chifuwa chozungulira. Iwo amasiyanitsidwa ndi kupumphuka kwapachiyambi kwa mlomo ndi khalidwe lopuma pamphumi. Mu atsekwe ndi mvula yoyera, thotho ndi lalanje, ndi mbalame zokhala ndi imvi kapena zowumphana - mdima, imvi.
Iwo ali ndi zigawo ziwiri zosiyana: ndi kukula kwakukulu (kumatchedwa "chikwama"), komanso mapepala apachiyambi pamimba.
Zopindulitsa zosakanikirana ndi azitsamba ndizo:
kuchepetsa kulemera kwa nyama zinyama;
amphamvu chitetezo chamthupi (iwo kawirikawiri amadwala);
kusamvetsetsa ku malo okhalamo (iwo amalekerera chisanu ngati nyumbayo ikuyendetsedwa molondola);
Kudyetsa msipu (alimi akhoza kusunga pogula chakudya chamtengo wapatali);
perekani kwambiri nyama, mafuta, pansi ndi nthenga;
chiŵerengero cha makolo chokwanira (atsekwe moleza mtima amakakamiza mazira ndi kusamalira ana).
Mfundo zazikulu zofooka za mtunduwu ndi izi: kupanga dzira;
nkhuku zazikulu kwambiri zimathyola mazira mu chisa;
iwo amakhala osauka popanda gombe.
Nkhono zikumera msanga, ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi zakubadwa, amapeza kulemera kwa 4-4, 5 kg. Amuna ena amafika 12 kg, pamene akazi amafika makilogalamu 8.
Makhalidwe abwino a kuswana makamaka amadalira ukhondo wa chipinda, chomwe chimatsimikiziridwa ndi zinyalala zotsalira. M'nyengo yozizira, iyenera kukhala ndi peat kapena udzu, m'chilimwe mchenga ndi utuchi, umene uli ndi udzu wodula. Nkofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mbalameyo siili ndi njala, mwinamwake imapanga utuchi, ndipo izi ndizoopsa kwa chimbudzi chake. Ndikofunika kusintha nthawi zonse zowonongeka kuti ziume.
Kuti zinyama zikhale zolimba komanso mazira sakhala pansi pazomwe zimachitika, atsekwe ayenera kudyetsedwa bwino. Nkofunika kupereka aliyense za 0.13-0.16 makilogalamu a tirigu ndi ufa, chakudya chingakhale ndi mbewu zonse, wosweka udzu, nyemba, komanso mizu mbewu. Monga zowonjezera amapereka sauerkraut, komanso mankhwala oyambirira omwe amathandiza kuchepetsa chimbudzi ndi kagayidwe kake.
Dzira la mbalame limapanga 30 peresenti pachaka, mazira akulemera pafupifupi osachepera 180 g, ndipo osapitirira 200g. Mazira akugona akhoza kuyamba mu February ngati mbalame zimadya bwino ndipo zimasamaliridwa bwino.
Mitundu ya Toulouse
Amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wobala kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Izi ndizo zazikulu kwambiri zogwirira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'mayiko onse. Mitunduyi inaonekera ku France ku Toulouse, ntchito yosankhidwa inayamba pomwepo, yomwe anthu opindulitsa kwambiri anasankhidwa, potsirizira pake anapeza mtundu umene suli nawo ofanana ndi kupanga phindu.
Chifukwa cha mtundu umenewu, kufunikira kosalekeza kwa Ulaya kwakhutira kwa zaka zambiri. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi minda yamapiri. Iwo amakula chifukwa cha nyama yokoma, mlingo woyamba wothamanga ndi chiwindi, chomwe chimadziwika ngati chokoma.
Atsekwe otere amakhala ndi mutu waukulu, wamphamvu, wakuda ndi waufupi, khosi lalikulu, lokhazikika kwambiri, miyendo yaying'ono yamphongo ndi mlongo wolunjika wa lalanje. Nthenga za mbalamezo zimakhala zoyera kwambiri, zimakhala zoyera, mutu ndi mdima wofiira, mimba ndi tchizi ndi zoyera, khosi ndi chifuwa zimakhala zofiirira, ndipo nsonga za mapiko ndi zakuda.
Izi ndi mbalame zofiira, zowonongeka komanso zopepuka. Pakalipano, iwo adagawidwa mu mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu:
kachikwama;
Izi ndizozizira kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta oyamba m'mimba mwake kapena ayi, komanso zimatchedwa "chikwama" - izi ndizo zikopa pamunsi pa mutu. Iwo ali apamwamba kuposa mitundu ina yolemera, koma otsika mu kubereka.
beskorelkovy;
Mbalame zoterezi ziribe "thumba", zimakhala zosavuta komanso zowonongeka, ndipo zimakhala zowonjezereka.
Zowonjezereka zowonjezereka ndi:
Kukula kwakukulu kosaneneka;
kulemba zolemera;
Kudyetsa kosavuta komanso kotsika mtengo;
kalasi yoyamba pansi;
kukwanitsa kuunjikira malo osungirako mafuta.
Mitundu yofooka imakhulupirira:
chowonekera;
kutsika;
chisokonezo chokwanira;
zofooka za kubzala mazira;
kusalolera kulekerera kutsika kutentha ndi kutentha kwakukulu.
Pa mafakitale, mafakitale akuluakulu amatha kufika 11.6 makilogalamu, kapu kakang'ono kawiri kamakhala kakang'ono ka 7 kg. Paminda zapakhomo zimakhala kuti mbalame sizingapitirire 10 makilogalamu a agalu ndi 8 kg aliwonse.
Ndi mbalamezi zomwe zimakulira kuti zikhale ndi chiwindi, zomwe zimatha kufika 500 g. Atsekwe oterewa amadziunjikira mafuta, choncho ndi omwe amapanga zipangizo zamakono a French pate zokoma.
Zokwanira za mbalame zimadalira kwambiri momwe zimasamaliranso komanso zomwe zimapatsa thanzi lawo. Iwo ndi thermophilic choncho mu chipinda momwe amasungiramo ndizofunika kukhala ndi kutentha kwa 20 C ndikuchotsa zochitika zazithunzi. Nthawi zonse amafunika kudya zakudya zoyera komanso zatsopano, zimatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku utuchi wa udzu ndi udzu, koma ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito sphagnum moss. Imatulutsa chinyezi mofulumira, ndipo atsekwe samakonda kwambiri chinyezi.
Kuti phindu la ndalama likhale lapamwamba, atsekwewa amadyetsedwa kawiri pa tsiku, usiku amadya chakudya chochuluka kuposa masana. Nthawi zambiri amadyetsedwa ndikudyetsa chakudya chambiri, tirigu, tirigu, chakudya, mphutsi, tirigu komanso phala.
Dzira lopanga mbalame zotero ndilochepa, silidutsa zidutswa 40 pa nyengo. Iwo samanyamula zidutswa zosachepera 30 patsiku, pamene mazira amalemera pakati pa 150-200 g. M'mawa amapereka dzira limodzi masiku angapo. Makulitsidwe opambana sali oposa 60%, pofuna kuonjezera mtengo uwu mazira amaikidwa mu chofungatira.
Tula atsekwe
Uwu ndiwo mtundu wakale wamenyana umene wakhalapo kwa zaka zambiri. Dongosolo lenileni pa chiyambi chake latayika. Amakhulupirira kuti anabadwira m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri ndi dongosolo lapadera la amalonda olemera amene adawonekera mwachikondi nkhondo za madzi. Mitunduyi inalengedwa mwa kusankha osamvetsetsa komanso opambana. Izi ndi mbalame zamphamvu zomwe zili ndi chitetezo chabwino.
Mbali yapadera ya mtunduwu ndi khola lalifupi lopangidwa, malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake, mitundu ya mbalame imagawanika mitundu itatu:
rogany (pamwamba pa mlomoyo ndi concave, ndipo pansi pamera zimakhala zofanana ndi nyanga);
molunjika (ilo lili ndi mulomo, osati khalidwe la mtundu, ngakhale popanda phokoso);
osagwira ntchito (mlomoyo umapangidwira mwakuti umapanga umodzi wokhazikika ndi mutu).
Iwo ali ndi zizindikiro zonse zakunja za mtundu wa nkhondo: yofupika, yamphamvu ndi yowirikiza khosi, chifuwa champhamvu champhamvu, thupi lingatchedwe kuwombedwa, miyendo yochulukirapo yayitali ndi yamphamvu. Mtundu wambiri ndi dongo loyera kapena loyera.
Ziphuphu za maonekedwe zimaonedwa:
maolidi a orange ndi maso ofiira;
mululu wofiira wa orange;
kumbuyo kumbuyo;
klyuvny wallet;
mafuta a mafuta pamimba;
mapiko opotozedwa.
mtundu wa masewera oyambirira wovomerezedwa ndi omwe amakonda kuyang'ana mbalame;
kupirira ndi matenda;
mimba yabwino;
Iwo ndi osavuta kusamalira; iwo ali okhudzana ndi zakudya ndi zikhalidwe;
chakudya chokwanira cha nyama, chomwe chimagwirizana mofanana ndi mafuta.
Milandu yaikulu "cons" imaphatikizapo:
kukula kwa mbalame (mbalameyi imakula zaka 2m);
zolemera zochepa (sizikhala zolemera kwambiri kuposa makilogalamu 8, zolemera zawo ndi 5-6 makilogalamu.);
Dzira laling'ono (mkati mwa mazira 25 pachaka);
chilengedwe chovuta (samangokhala ndi oyandikana nawo pabwalo la mbalame).
Akatswiri amafufuza mtunduwu ponena za kupezeka kwa makhalidwe omenyana. Zamphamvu kwambiri ndi mbalame zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi zakubadwa. Mbalame ziyenera kumenyana ndi mapiko okha; zimaluma pamutu ndipo paws sizingaloledwe. Kumenyana kumatenga mphindi 20 kapena 40; kutaya mwazi sikuloledwa. Wrestler amathandiza wothandizira komanso zomwe amakonda.
Atsekwe otere amalekerera chisanu, kuyenda mu chisanu ndikusambira m'madzi ozizira. Kwa kulima kwawo, malo odyetserako ziweto ndi madzi akufunikira, kuwonjezera apo amadyetsedwa ndi tirigu: oat, chimanga nthawi zina ndi tirigu. M'nyengo yozizira, amapatsidwa kaloti, beets (shuga ndi shuga), ndi masamba a kabichi.
Amayi okonda amayi, kotero mungathe kuchita popanda chofungatira. Amayamba kumapeto kwa February, atsikana pang'ono patapita nthawi. Amanyamula mazira oyera omwe amakhala pafupifupi magalamu 150, nthawi zambiri amaika mazira 18, koma osapitirira 12 zidatsalira pansi pa mayiyo, chifukwa amatha kuthyola abakha kapena mazira.
Ana a masabata atatu ali otetezeka kwambiri, sangathe kumasulidwa kuzizira ndi mame.
Danish Legart
Ichi ndi mtundu wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa abusa anzeru ndi odzikuza. Nkhonozi zimathamanga kwambiri, ndipo zinyama zazing'ono za miyezi iwiri zimakhala zolemera makilogalamu asanu ndi limodzi.
Pa nthawi yomweyo, amadya 20% poyerekeza ndi anzawo a mitundu ina. Zakudya zabwino zokongola ndizo zitsamba, kotero alimi ali ndi ndalama zochepa kudyetsa. Atsekwe amakhala ndi mphamvu zowonjezera komanso mphamvu, samadwala komanso amasangalala nthawi zonse.
Ichi ndi mtundu wa Denmark, womwe umayamikizidwanso chifukwa chapamwamba kwambiri. Akatswiri amanena kuti mukhoza kutsitsa anthu 11 mwezi uliwonse ndikubwereza ndondomeko iliyonse miyezi iwiri iliyonse. Kwa chaka amasonkhanitsa pafupifupi 500 g abwino kwambiri.
Kuwonjezera apo, atsekwe otero amakhala ndi bata, okoma mtima, iwo samatsutsana ndi aliyense, ngakhale ana akhoza kuwasamalira.
Zisonyezero za mtunduwu ndi:
thupi lokhazikika;
kuwala koyera kokongola, kopanda mithunzi ndi zoperekera;
mafuta pamimba;
iwo ali ndi maso a buluu;
Mlomo ndi mapepala okhaokha;
Chikhalidwe chokhazikika komanso chokongola;
zokoma ndi zokondweretsa.
Izi ndi mbalame zolemera, zazikazi zimakhala zolemera makilogalamu 7, ndipo, monga lamulo, sizili zowala kuposa 5 kg. Ndipo amuna nthawi zambiri amalemera makilogalamu 8.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mbalamezi ndi zokongola kwambiri, zomwe zimachititsa khungu loyera (makamaka pambuyo pa molting).
Ubwino wosadziŵika wa mtunduwu ndi wofunika:
Zolemba zaulere ndi zotsika mtengo;
bwino makulitsidwe;
kalasi yoyamba pansi;
maonekedwe okongola kwambiri (iwo azikongoletsa bwalo lililonse);
yabwino kwa nyumba zazing'ono;
Ndalama zoyamwitsa za chakudya (m'nyengo yozizira zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo 20 peresenti ya tirigu wotsika mtengo).
Zina mwa zofooka za mtunduwu zimachokera: mazira ochepetsetsa kwambiri, mazira a amayi sangathe kuika mazira oposa 40 patsiku;
nkhuku zochepa za ana, ndi 60-65% zokha;
Ana osalimba, mafinya amafunika kusamalidwa mosamalitsa, ayenera kupatsiridwa ndi kupatsirana tsiku ndi tsiku ndi mavitamini.
Kuti mbeu ikhale yathanzi komanso yamphamvu, mbalame iyenera kudya 2 kg wa udzu watsopano patsiku, komanso mbewu zina monga zakudya zoonjezera madzulo. M'nyengo yozizira amapatsidwa udzu ndi Yerusalemu atitchoku, amakonda masamba amenewa kwambiri, ndipo imalimbitsa chitetezo cha mbalame. В холодное время переходят на трёх развое питание и добавляют в рацион сахарную свеклу и морковь. Поилка с чистой свежей водой должна быть доступна в любое время года.
Птицы демонстрируют высокие показатели продуктивности, при этом не требуя особых условий содержания и специальных мер по уходу. Chiwerengero cha mbalame zoterezi ndizochepa kwambiri, anyamata amakula mofulumira, mwachangu, ndikupeza kupha.
Gander okonzeka kukwatirana masiku 270 atabadwa, tsekwe - masabata atatu kale. Amaika mazira m'mwezi wa April. Poika, monga lamulo, osachepera 30 mazira, chiwerengero chachikulu - mazira 40. M'zinsekwe, chilengedwe chimakhala chofooka kwambiri, choncho alimi amagwiritsa ntchito makina osakaniza, komabe, kuchuluka kwa goslings ndi kotsika, amakula mwamsanga ndikufulumira kuchira.
