Nkhumba ndizochokera ku zakudya zambiri, choncho anthu ambiri amayamba kuyesa nkhumba kunyumba. Nkhaniyi si yonyenga, makamaka ngati mutasankha mtundu wabwino. Zambiri zimadalira mtunduwo - komanso ntchito yotsiriza, komanso kudyetsa makhalidwe, ndi zikhalidwe zomangidwa.
Pansipa tikambirana za nkhumba za Duroc zomwe zimayimira nyama zakutchire. Pofuna kukupatsani chidaliro kuti ndibwino kuti tizitha kubereka nkhumba, tidzanena mwatsatanetsatane za chisamaliro cha mtundu uwu, komanso malamulo osankha nkhumba.
Malangizo othandiza pa momwe mungapangire cholakwika posankha nkhumba zazing'ono komanso zathanzi
Musanayambe kubala nkhumba, ndikofunikira kusankha anthu odwala omwe adzagonjetsa ana anu a ziweto. Iyi ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri, chifukwa mungathe kulakwitsa osati mtundu wokhawokha, komanso mutengere munthu wonyenga yemwe angakugulitseni inu zofooka ndi zinyama zosabereka. Ndicho chifukwa chake, asanatumize ku msika wa piglets wa mtundu wa Duroc, Ndikofunika kuti mudziwe bwinobwino malamulo otsatirawa omwe amavomereza kuti musankhe ana aang'ono a porcine:
- Nkhumba zimagulitsidwa kale pa msinkhu wa mwezi umodzi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ayenera kuphunzira kale kudya chakudya chokhazikika, osati mkaka wa mayi okha. Vuto lalikulu lokhudzana ndi kusowa kwa luso limeneli ndiloti pamene akusintha pakadyetsa mkaka wa ng'ombe ndi zakudya zina, nkhumba zingayambe kuvulazidwa kwambiri, chifukwa izi ziyenera kuchitidwa pang'onopang'ono ngakhale ndi nkhumba. Choncho, funsani wogulitsa mwatsatanetsatane za momwe adadyetsera nkhumba zake komanso zomwe adadyetsa. Ndizofunika kwambiri kuti tiwonetsetse kuti zakudya zomwe timadya timadya ndi nkhumba zing'onozing'ono: ayenera kutenga chakudya ndi pakamwa pawo, komanso osayesa kuyamwa m'manja mwa amayi awo.
- Chikhalidwe chofunika cha mtundu uliwonse wa nkhumba ndi kuluma kolondola. Zimatengera momwe nkhumba imatha kukhalira, ndipo chifukwa chake, imadya chakudya chomwe chimaperekedwa kwa iye. Ngati kuluma sikunali kolondola, ndiko kuti, pamene mitsempha ya nkhumba imatseka pakati pawo, kusiyana kwakukulu kumawoneka kapena kawirikawiri amatsogoleredwa mosiyana, ndiye kuti nyamayo siidzatha kutafuna chakudya ndipo imangowimitsa m'magulu akuluakulu. Pa minda ikuluikulu, nyama zoterozo nthawi zambiri zimakanidwa, ngakhale kuti ogulitsa osayenerera angayesetsenso kupeza ndalama pa iwo.
- Posankha nkhumba za mtundu wina, nkofunikira kudziwa pasadakhale zomwe maziko a chikhalidwe amadziwika ndi anthu akuluakulu a mtundu uwu. Kawirikawiri amawonekera kuchokera kubadwa. Choncho, posankha piglets Dyurokov, choyamba ndi bwino kulabadira mtundu wawo - ayenera kukhala ofiira. Kutalika kwa nkhumbazi sizingatchedwe motalika kwambiri kapena kochepa kwambiri. Misana yawo ili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira omwe amadziwika bwino. Ngati nkhumbazi zimagulitsidwa pamodzi ndi nkhumba za mitundu ina, ndiye kuti Duroks ali ndi miyendo yopambana kwambiri. Mukhoza kuzisiyanitsa ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa makutu, omwe amawoneka kuti akudalira pamaso.
- Ambiri amalimbikitsa kuyamba anthu angapo nthawi yomweyo. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuti nkhumba ndizoweta ziweto, motero, pokhapokha, kukula kumatha kuchepa kwambiri: zikhoza kuchepetsedwa, kapena nyamayo, idzavutika ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Komanso, kugula nkhumba zingapo nthawi imodzi kumathandiza kwambiri kuti pakhale zinyama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa nkhumba ndikuyendetsa malo atsopano. Zimakhudzanso zakudya, chifukwa nkhumba zazing'ono zimapikisana kwambiri ndi chakudya, zomwe zimachititsa kuti azilemera mwamsanga.
Zizindikiro zosiyana za oimira mtundu wa Duroc
Mtundu uwu unachokera ku nkhumba za ku America, zomwe poyamba zinali ndi zokolola zambiri zobala zipatso. Koma, chifukwa cha kuswana ndi kusankha mosamala zakudya, Duroki anakhala nkhumba za ng'ombe. Kubwezeretsa kotereku kumagwirizana ndi kufunika kwakukulu makamaka kwa nyama ya mtundu wapadera, osati mafuta ake.
Pokhala atatsimikizika kuti ndi olimba kwambiri ndipo amasinthidwa mosiyana ndi zikhalidwe zosiyana za kusunga nyama, oimira mtundu uwu mwamsanga adadziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo ngakhale lero anthu awo m'dzikoli sali ofunikira, alimi ochuluka omwe amalima ndi obereketsa amasankha fomu iyi kuti athetse banja.
Ubwino wosunga ndi kuswana Dyurokov
Zikuwonekeratu kuti pa kukula kwa kutchuka, zifukwa zina ndizofunikira ndipo zimaphatikizapo ubwino wambiri wofunika wa Durocam. Chofunika kwambiri pakati pawo ndi izi:
Duroki ndiwo ziweto zotsalira kwambiri. Zikhoza kusungidwa ndi nkhumba zogwiritsidwa bwino, komanso nthawi yothamanga. Iwo sakhala akuopa mantha aliwonse otentha. - Pambuyo pake, Duroki ingasinthe mosavuta ku nyengo yozizira, ndi ku malo ozizira kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, mtundu wofotokozedwawo ukuonedwa kuti umalonjeza kwambiri kuti uzitha kubereka ku Russia.
Mu nthawi yachilimwe, simungathe kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya cha nkhumbazi. Iwo amadziwika bwino kuti adye msipu. Chakudya chobiriwira chimakhala chopatsa thanzi kwa nkhumba zodyera nyama, choncho nyama zimamva bwino kwambiri m'madyerero. Wowonjezeranso ndi kuti nyengo yabwino, Dyurokov sangathenso kuthamangira ku pigsty usiku, ngati pali makonzedwe okongola omwe ali mu khola kuti atetezedwe ku mvula ndi mphepo.
Mosakayikira izo Phindu lofunika kwambiri la mtundu wa nkhumba ndi nkhumba zawo. Ndipotu, sikuti ndi zokhudzana ndi kulemera kwake kwa nyama yomwe imapezeka chifukwa cha kupha, koma za ubwino wa nyama iyi. Chifukwa cha nkhono zochepa za nkhumba zowonjezera minofu ya adipose, nkhumba zawo ndizosiyana zakudya ndi kukoma kwake. Ndiponso, khalidwe la Dyurokov nyama silikhala losasintha ndipo ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zodyera nyama izi ndi kuwadutsa ndi oimira mitundu ina.
Ulemu wa nkhumba za mtundu wa Duroc, monga nyama zofanana, zimakhala zofanana ndi zomwe zapitazo. Zamoyo zinyamazi makamaka zimangopeza zakudya zamapuloteni kuchokera ku chakudya, choncho minofu ya nyama imakula mwamsanga. Ngati pali mwayi wochuluka kwambiri, nkhumba zimawotchera ngakhale mafuta ocheperako omwe angathe kuzipeza.
Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndikutentha kwa Duroks. Ngakhale kuti ali otanganidwa kwambiri ndipo amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali kudutsa msipu, makamaka, amakhala okoma mtima kwa munthuyo, osati kusonyeza chakukhosi ngakhale atatha. Akasungidwa mu nkhumba, nthawi zambiri amayesa kuthyola khola, ngakhale ali ndi njala ndipo m'njira iliyonse akhoza kuyesa izi kwa mwiniwake. Chikhalidwe ichi n'chofunikanso chifukwa chakuti akufesa amasonyeza kuti amasamala kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale popanda kuthandizidwa ndi munthu, amatha kusiya ana awo.
Zosamalidwa bwino: ndi zotani ndi momwe angamenyane nazo?
Ngakhale kuti, Duroki ndi osavuta kusunga, amafunikira chidwi chapadera kudyetsa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti thupi lawo liri lofunikira kwambiri mu mipukutu, kotero chakudya chimene amapereka chiyenera kukhala choyenera. Choncho, kukula msinkhu wathanzi komanso wathanzi ndi khalidwe la nyama ndizosayembekezereka zokha zonyansa zokha. Ngakhale kuti, mutha kugula puloteni yapadera, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri sizitsika mtengo.
Mwa matenda ofala kwambiri omwe mafupa a Duroc amavutika kwambiri, aspirated rhinitis. Imeneyi ndi mphuno yambiri, yomwe imadziwonetsera ngati yosasinthika ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Zimakhala zovuta kulimbana ndi izi, koma mukhoza kuyesa kuchotsa zozizwitsa zina zomwe zingakhumudwitse mitsempha yowonongeka ya zinyama: zakumwa, ufa, udzu, fumbi.
Chosavuta china cha mtunduwu ndi kusabereka kwafesa. Nkhumba zambiri za nkhumba, nkhumba imodzi yomwe imatha kubala - 11. Ngakhale kuti chiwerengerochi ndi chochepa kwambiri ndipo chiwerengero cha mibadwo ndi chochepa.
Zofunikira ndi zizindikiro zosiyana za oimira a mtundu wofotokozedwa
Duroks amasiyanitsidwa ndi lamulo lolimba kwambiri la thupi ndipo makamaka kukula kwake kwa thupi. Ngakhale thupi la nkhumbazi sizitalika, komabe zizama komanso zozama, zomwe zimasonyeza bwino minofu minofu ndipo imasonyeza bwino nyama makhalidwe a oimira a mtundu. Kutalika kwa thupi kuli kovuta kusiyanitsa boar kuchokera kubzala, chifukwa ali pafupifupi ofanana. Mu boar ndi 180-185 masentimita, ndipo amafesa ndi 175-185 centimita.
Makamaka ofotokoza kwambiri mtundu Duroc makutu awo. Ali ndi kukula kwakukulu, kupachikidwa pang'ono kumbali ndi patsogolo. Mutu uli wa usinkhu wofiira, wochuluka kwambiri ndi minofu ya minofu, mphutsi ikuwoneka ikubwera pambali pamphumi.
Monga tanena kale pamene tikufotokoza zoyamikira posankha nkhumba, Durorocks imadziwika ndi nsana, komanso ndipamwamba kwambiri. Hamu ndi minofu kwambiri, yomwe imakhala ndi mafuta abwino omwe amawonetseredwa ngakhale atayang'ana maso.
Ponena za mtunduwo, nkhumbazi ndizo mitundu yofiira. Komabe, chifukwa cha mitanda yambiri, kusakanikirana ndi kuswana posankha, wina akhoza kukumana Dyurokov onse golide mtundu ndi mdima wofiira.
Pigs Duroc ndi mbali zofunika kwambiri pazochita zawo
Zokolola za mtunduwu ndizitali kwambiri, zomwe kutchuka kwake kukugwirizana. Choyamba, Durokes ndi mofulumira kwambiri. Chachiwiri, iwo ali ndi phindu lolemera la tsiku ndi tsiku lopanda malire - kuchokera ku magalamu 750 mpaka 950. Choncho, ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, nkhumbazi zimafika polemera makilogalamu 100, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mitundu ya mafuta ndi mafuta.
Panthawi yomweyi, ndizigawo zokwana 3.7 zokha zomwe zimadya zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kilogalamu ya kukula. Pakukula, kulemera kwake kwa nkhumba kumafikira pafupifupi makilogalamu 330-370. Bzalani kulemera kwambiri - ndi 240-320 kilograms yokha.
Nkhumba za mtundu wa Duroc zimaloledwa kuphedwa, kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero chokwanira chopezeka pamtunda ndi pafupifupi 80%, ndi nyama yokha - kuchokera 58 mpaka 70%. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mafutawo ndi olemera mamita 17-18 okha.
Komabe, nyama yokhayo ili ndi mafuta ochulukitsa kwambiri, omwe ali okhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa nyama ndi 3.93%. Chifukwa cha ichi, nyama ndi caloriki, koma ili ndi juiciness yabwino ndi kukoma kwake. Momwemo nkhumba zofanana ndizosawerengeka komanso zimayamikiridwa. Mwachitsanzo, ng'ombe ndi kukhalapo kwa mafuta otero, ndi omwe amatchedwa marble chifukwa cha izi, amaonedwa kuti ndi nyama yapamwamba.
Zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakukonzekera ndi kusamalira nyama
Kawirikawiri palibe vuto ndi zomwe zili m'gulu lino. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi kupirira kwabwino kwa zinyama komanso kutha kusintha. Mukhoza kusunga zonsezo m'nyumba za nkhumba zotsekedwa komanso m'mabusa. Zonse zimadalira mphamvu zanu komanso nthawi ya chaka. Kuyenda nthawi zonse kuti mukhale ndi ubwino wa nyama.
Nkofunika kwa nkhumba ndi nkhuku zakula kale kuti zikhale ndi zakudya zomwe zimadya zakudya zambiri. Chofunika koposa, amapeza mkaka wochuluka.
Mabala a nkhumba angayambe kuchokera pamene amatha miyezi iwiri mpaka nyama zitapeza makilogalamu 100. Pogwiritsa ntchito chakudya cholondola komanso choyenera, komanso kulemekeza njira yoyenera yodyetsera, kulemera kumeneku kumachitika panthaŵi yochepa kwambiri. Kotero Zakudya zabwino kwambiri zidzakhala:
Mbatata (zimalimbikitsidwa kuti apereke madzi owiritsa, osadulidwa).- Sililo yophatikizidwa.
- Zomera (zobiriwira ndi mapesi).
- Keke.
- Nkhoma (oat, balere, chimanga), koma zochepa, chifukwa zimayambitsa kunenepa kwa nyama, kutayika kwa nyama.
- Chofunika kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi makhalidwe abwino, ndikofunika kudzaza nkhumba ndi fupa ndi nsomba, komanso madontho osiyanasiyana omwe amachokera ku nyama ndi nsomba. Ntchito yofunika kwambiri imasewera ndi mkaka wobiriwira mkaka. Wa muzu masamba, shuga ndi chakudya beets ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa fattening Dyurokov.
- Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito obraty.
Mbatata (zimalimbikitsidwa kuti apereke madzi owiritsa, osadulidwa).Chakudya chiyenera kuperekedwa nthawi zonse panthawi imodzimodzi, koma nthawi zambiri chakudya chimadalira nyengo:
- M'nyengo yozizira, chakudya chimaperekedwa kwa nkhumba katatu patsiku.
- M'chilimwe - kawiri pa tsiku.
Posakhalitsa, tikuwona kuti kusunga nkhumba za Duroc kungogulitsa nkhumba sizingatheke. Khalani nawo okha nyama zabwino ndi zapamwamba. Koma kuti zotsatira zikhale zabwino, nkofunika kusunga malamulo awa:
- Nkhumba kwambiri mofulumira, kwenikweni kuyambira masiku oyambirira, muyenera kuyamba kuyendetsa, mwinamwake iwo akhoza kuseri pambuyo pa chitukuko, akhoza kukhala ndi ziphuphu.
- Ndikofunika kuti alandire mankhwala omwe ali ndi chitsulo, mkuwa, mavitamini.
- Perekani zinyama zazing'ono kuti ziziyenda, zomwe zidzakhudza kwambiri kukula kwawo ndi chitukuko.
Farrow afesa: momwe angapulitsire malita?
Kusaka pogonana kumachitika mu nkhumba za mtundu wofotokozedwa m'malo moyambirira, komabe, ndibwino kuti mukwanitse kuchita zinyama mutatha miyezi 10. Mimba yam'mbuyomu ingayambitse matenda ambiri payekha, ndikuyamwa kwambiri. Pamene kusaka kumawonekera, nkhumba idzachita mantha kwambiri, idzasokoneza ziwalo zakunja zakunja. Ntchito imeneyi imakhala pafupifupi maora 48, komabe, ndibwino kuti mulole kubzala kwa boar tsiku lachiwiri la maonekedwe a zizindikiro.
Popeza ana ku Dyurokov si ambiri, obereketsa nkhumba amayesetsa kuchita khama kwambiri kuti athe kusunga. Kawirikawiri, nkhumba palokha imasamalira bwino izi, zomwe zimasonyeza chidwi kwambiri kwa ana ake ndipo zimadyetsa bwino nkhumba zonse. Ngakhale ziri bwino kukhalapo pa farrowing palokha: ndikofunika kuchotsa nkhumbazo kuchokera ku nyemba, kudula mtambo wa umbilical ndi kuzithira ndi ayodini, kuyeretsa mphuno, makutu ndi pakamwa kuchokera mu ntchentche.
Kukolola mkaka wa sows Duroc ndi pafupifupi 41 kilograms, ndipo misala ya chisa cha miyezi iwiri ikufika 141 kilogalamu. Ambiri a nkhumba amapulumuka ndi 92-93%. Pofuna kuwongolera, ndikofunika kudyetsa nkhumba mochulukira komanso moyenera pa nthawi ya mimba. Komanso, amayenera kuyenda mochuluka.
