Saintpaulia ndi chomera chofala kwambiri mkati mwa nyumba ndipo amadziwika ndi dzina la Saint Baroque violet. Mitengo yoposa 32,000 ilipo lero. Koma mukangogula violet, funso limangoyamba kuchitika: "Momwe mungasamalire bwino?".
Kusankha malo abwino kwa Saintpaulia
Vuto loyamba lomwe linayamba mwamsanga kutuluka kwa violets m'nyumba ndi kusankha malo ake. Violet imakula bwino pamalo owala opanda dzuwa lachindunji ndi ma drafts.
Ngati n'kotheka, ndi bwino kuyikapo kummawa. Pachifukwa ichi, dzuwa la m'mawa silikhala laukali ndipo lidzathandiza maluwa kuti azikhala bwino.
Ngati palibe chosankha, ndipo zenera zowunikira nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndiye kuti zisawononge kutentha pamasamba a violet, nkofunikira kudetsa zenera pogwiritsa ntchito akhungu kapena nsalu zakuda.
Komabe Kuwala kokwanira kumapangitsa kuti zomera zofooka zikhale zochepa. Mungathe kukonza izi mwa kusuntha violet kupita pamalo openya kapena kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi. Monga zowunikira, mungagwiritse ntchito nyali ya fulorosenti kapena phytolamp, yomwe imaphatikizapo maola 10-12 patsiku.
Violets, monga anthu, amamva bwino kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa 18-180C. Kuti duwa likhale lopangidwa, mphika uyenera kutembenuzidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kumbali ya dzuwa ndi mbali zosiyana.
Momwe mungasankhire mphika wa violets
Kusankha mphika wa violets, muyenera kumvetsera kukula kwake ndi kupanga zinthu. Muyeso, miphika ya violets inagawidwa kukhala yaing'ono (mamita awiri ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 5), Medium (7 × 7) ndi yaikulu (9 × 9). Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzitsitsa saintpaulia mu miphika yayikulu kwambirichifukwa: choyamba, sichiwoneka ngati chokondweretsa, ndipo kachiwiri, tikufuna kupeza maluwa, osati chitsamba chokhala ndi masamba.
Ndikofunikira! Mu miphika yayikulu violets sizimafalikira mpaka zaka ziwiri.Mizu ya violet nthawi zonse ili pafupi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mpweya wabwino ukhale wabwino komanso kumakhala kosavuta kudya zakudya za mthupi.
Ngati mwafika pamphika 9 × 9, ndiye kuti chomera chiyenera kuchitidwa mumphika womwewo. Gwiritsani pansi pansi pa gawo lachitatu la nthaka, tanizani mumphika, onjezerani pansi pamtunda. Pomwe kumera kwa mizu yatsopano, malo adapangidwa, chifukwa mizu ya violet imakula pamwamba ndipo m'munsimu pamakhala pang'onopang'ono.
Miphika ikhoza kukhala pulasitiki kapena ceramic. Pulasitiki - yowala, yotchipa, yosinthasintha, yokhazikika, koma yopuma bwino. Kuti athetse vutoli, amapanga ndi pulasitiki yapadera.
Lili ndi chibowo chomwe chimakulolani kuti mukhale pansi pa mphika pamalo okwera. Izi zimathandiza kuti mpweya uziyenda mpaka mizu ya mbewu.
Miphika yamoto imabwera kapena popanda chisanu. Mabaibulo opukutira ali ndi vuto lofanana ndi pulasitiki, ngakhale kuti ali okongola, koma mtengo wawo udzakhala woyenera.
Miphika yopanda ung'anga ndizochepa zokondweretsa, zolemera ndi zazing'ono, koma violets mwa izo zimamveka bwino. Zojambula zamakono zingathetsedwe mwa kugula miphika kapena poto wokongola kwambiri. Kuyika zomera kumanyamula mphika mu mphika.
Zofuna za nthaka kuti zikule ziphuphu kunyumba
Dothi loti ziwombole, monga lamulo, lingagulidwe pa shopu la maluwa, koma alimi ena amakonda kudziphika okha, pamene akuwona kuti kugula kuli kosavuta. Choyamba, ngalande imayikidwa pa gawo lachitatu la mphika (makala, kukulitsa dongo, zidutswa zing'onozing'ono za njerwa).
Nthaka iyenera kukhala yowala, yowonjezera komanso yopuma. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'gulu la zakudya ndi: tsamba la humus, nthaka ya sod, kompositi, manyowa ovunda, biohumus, komanso mpumulo wa dothi ndi mpweya wokwanira. Zidutswazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga peat, coniferous humus, munda wamdima, peat briquettes, sphagnum moss.
Komanso, nthaka yotsegula nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito: mchenga, perlite, vermiculite.
Mukudziwa? Violet anathandiza kupeza mgodi waukulu wa zinc ku Ulaya. M'mayiko omwe ali ndi nthaka, amere maluwa aakulu kwambiri a violets.
Mbali za kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu
Kuthirira saintpaulia kuli ndi malo apadera pa chisamaliro ndi kulima zomera. Sichikufuna madzi okwanira ndi nthaka youma. Choncho, madzi m'masiku ochepa ndikusunga nthaka yonyowa.
Kuthirira kumayenera kupatulidwa kapena madzi owiritsa pa firiji. Pothirira madzi, gwiritsani ntchito kuthirira ndi mpweya wochepa thupi, chifukwa violet samakonda madzi kugwa pamasamba kapena kukula pakati pa chitsamba.
Pansi pa mphika, payenera kukhala dzenje lomwe madzi otsalawo amapita. Theka la ora mutatha kuthirira, madzi owonjezera ayenera kuthiridwa. Ngati madzi afika pa masamba, muyenera kuwasula ndi chophimba.
Mukhoza kuthirira madzi ndi poto. Thirani madzi mu chidebe ndikudikira theka la ora. Violet idzatenga kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa chinyezi. Sakani madzi owonjezera.
Masamba a chomera sakhala oopa kwambiri madzi, monga chitukuko cha mabakiteriya ndi zowola, ndipo madzi amangowonjezera njirayi. Choncho, simungathe kutsuka masamba a chomera, koma mukhoza kutonthoza mlengalenga, mwachitsanzo, kupopera mpweya kuzungulira chomera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito thaulo lamatope pa batteries otentha.
Violets amakonda mpweya wonyezimira ndi chinyezi chachibale cha 50-60%.
Nthawi komanso momwe mungadyetse violet
Kukula koyenera ndi maluwa, mukufunikira kusamalira bwino violets ndi chiwerengero chokwanira cha zinthu zing'onozing'ono ndi zazikulu. Makina akuluakulu ali nitrogen, phosphorus ndi potaziyamu. Zonsezi ziyenera kukhala mu ndalama zofunikira, chifukwa chowonjezera kapena kusowa kwawo kumachepetsa kuchepa kwa maluwa, chikasu ndi imfa ya masamba.
Tsatanetsatane zigawo zimathandizanso pakukula kwa mbeu. Izi zikuphatikizapo chitsulo, manganese, cobalt, molybdenum, nthaka, mkuwa, boron. Udindo wawo pa moyo wa chomera ndicho kutsimikizira kuti maselo amathandiza kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu ya dzuwa, madzi ndi zakudya zomwe zili m'nthaka.
Mavitamini ndi amino acid zimapangitsa kuti mizuyo ikhale ndi mizu yazing'ono komanso zazikulu.
Violets ayenera kukhala ndi umuna kamodzi pa masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri (10-14) aliwonse ndi feteleza kuti aziwombera kapena kupatsa feteleza pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira zovala. Werengani malangizo a feteleza ndikukonzekera njira yothirira madzi. Timachita feteleza mofanana ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse kutsatira malangizo onse.
Ndikofunikira! Manyowa osiyana ali ndi zosiyana. Choncho, onetsetsani kuti mukuwerenga malangizowa ndikutsatira mlingo. Violets amalephera kwambiri kulekerera feteleza wambiri.Ndi bwino kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya fetereza ndikusintha nthawi ndi nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, pofuna kukula kwakukulu, feteleza zonse zimapangidwira zomera zokongola zokhala ndi nayitrogeni, ndi maluwa okongola komanso osamalira iwo - feteleza wapadera kwa saintpaulia, omwe amakhala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ziwombankhanga za feteleza sayenera kukhala pazifukwa izi:
- mkati mwa mwezi mutatha kusinthana;
- ndi kufooka kwakukulu kwa chomera ndi tizirombo kapena matenda;
- ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kapena kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa mpweya.
Momwe mungakochere chitsamba
Kawirikawiri funso limayamba: "Kodi mungasamalire bwanji violets kunyumba?" Kuti mupeze chomera chosakanikirana chomera. Choyamba, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti rosette ya violet iyenera kuyang'ana mofanana, yokongola komanso yokhala ndi mizere itatu ya masamba.
Pakati pa kukula ndi chitukuko cha violets sayenera kukhala masamba obisika. Izi zimachokera ku kusowa kwa zinthu zothandiza pazitukuko kwa masamba atsopano, ndipo amakhala ochepa.
Ngati izi zikukuchitikirani, chotsani masamba ochepa omwe amaoneka ngati achikasu komanso osakhala amoyo. Ndi zophweka kuti aziwalekanitsa ndi tsinde, ingodikizani ndi choponderetsa pamunsi, ndiyeno musokoneze tsamba lonse losafunikira pakuyendayenda.
Ngati violet, chifukwa cha zochita zoterozo, imakhala ndi thunthu, ndiye imatha kumira kapena kuwaza ndi dziko lapansi. Kuti chitsamba chikhale cholinganizidwa, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi zonse tembenuzire kuunika ndi mbali zosiyana.
Kuswana malamulo Saintpaulia
Njira yosavuta komanso yofala kwambiri yoberekera ma violets ndi tsamba lofalitsa m'madzi kapena nthaka. Mwa njira iyi, kusankha koyenera kwa pepala kumathandiza kwambiri. Iyenera kutengedwa kuchokera ku violet wamkulu pansi pa peduncle.
Mapepala ochokera pakati pa violets kuti aberekedwe si abwino, chifukwa asanalandire mphamvu ndi zakudya zokwanira. Tsamba liyenera kukhala lopanda chilema ndi zofooka, mtundu wobiriwira. Mapepala apamwamba ali ndi zakudya zochepa, choncho ndibwino kuti asatenge.
Pezani tsamba losankhidwa mosamala, kusiya kudula pafupifupi masentimita anayi m'litali ndikudula gawo lowonjezera ndi odulidwa oblique. Dya kudula kwa mphindi 15.
Kubalanso tsamba lokhazikika mu chidebe ndi madzi opangidwa motsatira izi:
- Pa pepala lililonse, konzani mbale ku galasi lakuda ndi khosi lopapatiza.
- Lembani mbale ndi madzi osakanizidwa kapena ophatikizidwa ndi kuwonjezera kwa makala omangidwa. Izi zidzateteza njira yovunda.
- Ikani kudula 1 masentimita m'madzi. Yang'anani kunja kwa dzuwa lachindunji.
- Madzi akhoza kutsanulidwa, koma osasinthidwa.
Ngati kuwonongeka kwa kudula kukuchitika mwadzidzidzi, kuchepetseni ku gawo labwino ndi ufa ndi makala opangidwira. Madzi mu mbale amasintha. Tsatirani njira yopanga mizu. Ikhoza kukhala mpaka mwezi. Ndi muzu wa 1-2 cm, masambawo akhoza kubzalidwa mu kapu ya pulasitiki.
Kubalanso tsamba lachangu pansi pano ndilo:
- Konzani makapu a pulasitiki. Pangani dzenje pansi.
- Pakati pachitatu cha chikho, ikani kukhetsa. Gwiritsani ntchito thovu kapena dothi lokwanira ngati ngalande. Lembani malo ena onsewo ndi malo otsekemera.
- Lembani pakati, onjezerani pang'ono perlite osakanikirana ndi nthaka, ndipo pititsani kudula kwa masentimita 1.5.
- Sungani nthaka nthawi zonse chonyowa ndipo musayume.
Njira zina zoberekera ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo zili ndi phindu labwino.
Mwachitsanzo chimeras Amabereka polimbikitsa kupanga mapangidwe, ndipo akamachulukitsa ndi tsamba, mtundu wawo umatayika. Zitsamba pamunda, nthawi zambiri zimawoneka chifukwa cha mkulu wa nayitrojeni m'nthaka. Iwo amakulira kukula kwa makanda ndipo amachotsedwa mosamala kuchokera kwa amayi.
Kukula kwa mizu kumapangidwe mu wowonjezera kutentha, kuyiyika mu sphagnum moss. Ntchito yonse imatenga pafupifupi miyezi iwiri. Chotsatira chake, mumapeza chomera chodabwitsa chosiyanasiyana. Kulimbikitsana kwa mapuloteni-chimeras kungatheke mwa kudula pamwamba.
Kuswana kwa violets ndi peduncles kapena mbewu kumachitidwa ndi obereketsa okha.
Mukudziwa?Aroma akale amatcha violet maluwa a Jupiter.
Kusakaniza kwa Violet Sequence
Kuyika kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa violets kumalimbikitsa maluwa a chomera ndipo kumathandiza kuthetsa tsinde la tsinde. Kusamalira bwino kwa violets m'chaka ndi kuika kwawo. Zitha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse, koma osati nthawi yamaluwa. Maluwa otsekemera amawomboledwa ngati mwadzidzidzi, ndiyeno kuti apulumutse chomeracho.
Kuwongolera kungakhoze kuchitidwa mwa njira imodzi: ndi malo okwanira mmalo mwa nthaka, malo osankhidwa a nthaka, njira yosinthira.
Kubwezeretsedwa ndi malo okwanira mmalo kumagwiritsiridwa ntchito makamaka kwa violets akuluakulu. Kupindula kwa njirayi ndikumangika kwathunthu kwa nthaka, komanso kuyendera ndi kuyeretsa mizu ya mbewu. Atachotsa chomera ku mphika, kugwedeza pansi, ndi kuchotsa m'munsi masamba, peduncles, akale mizu.
Pansi pa mphika timayika madzi, kenako nthaka. Timayika chomera pakati ndi kumbali zonse timagona ndi nthaka kumunsi. Kuthirira kumachitika tsiku lachiwiri. Ngati mukukhala pansi, lembani. Timatsimikiza kuti mwendo wa violet uli pansi.
Kuika mchere ndi malo osankhidwa a nthaka kumapangidwa makamaka kwa violets achinyamata. Mwa njira iyi, muyenera kukhala ndi mphika waukulu. Kuwotchera kumachitidwa chimodzimodzi ndi njira yapitayi, nthaka yokha imagwedezeka ndi zomwe zikugwedezeka.
Kusindikizidwa ndi kusamutsa ndibwino kwambiri pa chomera. Kuti muchite izi, mutenge mphika pang'ono. Dothi limatsanulira dothi laling'ono, ndipo mkati mwake mumayika mbiya yakale.
Dera lomwe liri pakati pa miphika yophimbidwa ndi dziko lapansi ndi kugwedezeka. Chotsani mphika wakale ndikuyika violet ndi cloy earthy mu pulasitiki. Pamwamba pa nthaka ayenera kukhala ofanana.
Kusamalira zomera zokongola izi, mudzakhala ndi chisangalalo chochuluka ndi kuyamikira mwa mawonekedwe a maluwa okongola pawindo lanu lawindo. 
