Kuika mkaka kwa ng'ombe

M'minda yaing'ono ndi minda yaikulu ya ng'ombe, makina opangira makina amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amaonetsetsa kuti chitetezo cha mkaka wamtengo wapatali, chiyero chake, mofulumira komanso mosatetezeka. Makina oyamwa amasiyana malinga ndi malingaliro, zipangizo zamakina, mizere ya mizere ya mkaka ndi kukula kwa chotupa mu dongosolo. Nkhaniyi idzafotokoza mitundu yodziwika bwino ya anthu ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa, magulu awo komanso mfundo zoyendetsera makina.

Kodi makina oyendetsa (hall)

Makina oyendetsera galimoto ndi njira yomwe imatulutsira mkaka kuchokera ku udder pansi pa chotupa. Kuika kwake kumakhala ndi zovuta zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa kusamba, kupereka mitsinje yoyamba ya mkaka, kugwiritsa ntchito komanso kukwanira kwa mphindi 4-5. Makina opangira mazira amaperekanso mkaka wamkaka kudzera mu mitsempha ya mkaka kupita ku shopu la mkaka komanso kuwalitsa. Malo oyendetsera katundu ndi zipangizo zamakono zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakompyuta.

Ndikofunikira! Kuti musankhe malo abwino pa famu, muyenera kusankha pa zokolola zake: zopindulitsa kwambiri zidzabweretsa famuyo, komanso ofooka Musakhale ndi nthawi yotumikira ziweto.

Kulemba

Makina odzola amadziwika ndi zida zomangamanga.

Mwa mtundu wa makina oyendetsa

Makina opangira makina angapangidwe kuti akhale ndi nyama zosiyana, choncho makina omwe ali pansiwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa minda yayikulu ndi yaing'ono.

Yakhazikika

Zonse zimakhala zosasunthika komanso zamtundu. Muzitsulo zoterezi, makina ali m'mizere iwiri yofanana. Makina aliwonse ali ndi zozizwitsa zosiyana ndi zotulutsidwa kwa nyama. Kuika makina "Chingwe" ndi cha munthu aliyense.

Fufuzani ngati makina oyendetsera bwino ndi abwino kwa ng'ombe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti AID 2 ikonde makina abwino, komanso phunzirani kupanga makina opangira manja.

Gulu

Zimasiyana ndi chiwerengero cha malo mu makina amodzi. Makina a gulu akhoza kulandira pa nthawi yomweyo ng'ombe ziwiri ndi zina. Kuika gululi kuli makina okwera mofanana omwe ali m'mizere iwiri. Zokonzera izi zimatchedwa "Herringbone". Palinso zozungulira "Yolochka" kumene makina amapanga mphete yotsekedwa kapena yokhoma.

Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yoyamba, anthu adayesetsa kukonza njira yoyendetsera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Panthawi imeneyo, zida zapadera zinapangidwa ndi kuziika m'matumbo a ng'ombe, ndipo mkaka wochokera kwa iwo unatsanulidwa pansi pa mphamvu ya mphamvu. Mitundu imeneyi inali yopangidwa ndi matabwa ndi zitsulo, motero njira yokhala ndi zinyama zothandizira nyama inali yogwidwa ndi mavuto aakulu komanso matenda aakulu.

Kumalo a milking

Malinga ndi ngati zinyama zimasokonezedwa kapena ayi, zoikidwiratu zili motere.

Kusungirako

Perekani ndondomeko yodalirika pa ndondomeko yoyenda. Zikhoza kuikidwa m'mayunivesite a mkaka komanso m'mabanki kuti athe kuchepetsa nkhawa za nyama. Zida zosungiramo zitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhala ndi leash. Ndi chithandizo chawo, mkaka umasonkhanitsidwa mu mizere ya mkaka kapena zitini.

Mobile

M'nyengo yozizira, amachititsa ntchito zogwiritsira ntchito, ndipo m'nyengo ya chilimwe amatumizidwa ku msipu. Zipangizo zamakono zimatchedwa malo oyendetsa milking. Amasonkhanitsa mkaka koyamba mumtsuko ndikukwera mumagalimoto akuluakulu amathanki omwe amayendetsa zipangizo zopangira nsalu kuti azizizira.

Kutupa kwakukulu kwambiri mu dongosolo

Pamwamba pamtunda, kuthamanga mkaka kumachitika mwamsanga, koma kutaya mkaka kungakhale kovuta kwa ng'ombe.

Kutsika kochepa

Kusiyana ndi kutsika kochepa pazitsulo - osaposa 40 kPa. Magalasi a zipangizo zochepa zotsekemera zimakhala zosaoneka bwino komanso zosavuta: izi zimachepetsa kusungidwa kwa udder komanso kumathandiza kuthetsa mkaka kutaya nthawi yomweyo.

Kuvulala kwa mitsempha yowonongeka imachepetsedwa, chifukwa palibe chosowa cha mphira yophimba. Malo osungirako otsika angagwiritsidwe ntchito poyendetsa ng'ombe ndi zitsamba zosalimba, monga akavalo ndi mbuzi.

Ndikofunikira! Makapu apamwamba otetezeka amatsitsa zitsamba zamadzi. Kukonzekera mkaka kumakhala kowawa kwa zinyama ndipo zimataya zokolola.

Kutukuka kwakukulu

Perekani mkaka mwamsanga wa mkaka. Amagwira ntchito ndi chotupa pamwamba pa 60 kPa, yomwe, mobwerezabwereza ntchito, imakhudza kwambiri minofu ya mkati mwa udder. Zipangizo zamagetsi zikuluzikulu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapulasi pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa samangowononga zinyama zokha, komanso zimapangitsa kuti mkakawo ukhale wovuta, umapepuka komanso umathyola mapuloteni.

Mwa kuyika mizere ya mkaka

Mipope ya mkaka wa mkaka imayikidwa motsatizana ndi msinkhu wa udzu wa ng'ombe kuti ukhale ndi mphamvu mu dongosolo.

Ndi malo apamwamba

Chifukwa chopanikizika chachikulu chimatsitsa makapu a teat, popeza ali 1.5-2 mamita pamwamba pa mlingo wa udder. Zingayambitse ng ombe panthawi yopuma, chifukwa zimapanga kusintha kwazitsulo zosiyanasiyana mosiyana.

Kuchokera pansi

Mitundu yamtundu uwu imachepetsanso kusinthasintha kwa magalasi, chifukwa zimakhala zosavuta ndi magalasi. Kutumiza mkaka ku dipatimenti yoyendetsa mkaka kudzera m'mitsinje yochepa ya mkaka kumafuna mphamvu zowonjezera, koma nyamayo imakhala yotetezeka panthawi yomwe imatulutsa.

Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yoyamba chifaniziro cha makina osungira zamakono anali ndi mainalaki m'ma 1850. Azimayi aŵiri a Chingerezi anapanga chipangizo ku dziko lapansi, chomwe chinali ndi makapu a mphira ndi mpope yomwe inkayenera kugwedezeka. M'zaka za zana la makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazo, chipangizo chinanso chinawoneka - chikho chimodzi-chikhomo ndi mabowo a ming'oma, yomwe inayikidwa pa udzu wonse ndipo pang'onopang'ono imafera.

Technology ikugwirana ndi ng'ombe poyendetsa milomo

Ng'ombe zamakono pa makina oyendetsa katundu zimaphatikizapo kukonzekera kubisa, kutseketsa ndi kuchotsa makapu.

1. Kukonzekera Udder umatsukidwa ndi madzi otentha kuchokera paipi yapadera yokhala ndi bubu ndi modzichepetsa kuti athe kuyambitsa mkaka. Ngati udder sungadzipepetse, sung'onong'ono kwambiri, ndikutsanzira ndondomeko yoyamba.
2. Kupereka. Amagwidwa mu chidebe chosiyana ndi fyuluta yowonetsera mastitis mkaka. Gwiritsani mitsinje yochepa ya mkaka wochuluka kuchokera ku nkhono iliyonse, mphamvuyo imayikidwa pambali.
3. Kuvala magalasi. Amavala atasintha chipangizocho, choyamba kumbuyo, kenako pamphuno zam'tsogolo.
4. Kuchiza Amakhala mphindi 4-5. Kutha kwa mkaka kuthamanga kungadziŵike ndi momwe magalasi amakokera poyambirira, ming'oma, kenako udzu wopanda kanthu.
5. Kuchotsa magalasi. Pope la mkaka limatsekedwa, mpweya umaponyedwa mu magalasi, ndipo amachotsedwa popanda khama.

Ndikofunikira! Pambuyo pa magalasi atachotsedwa, nkofunika kutsegula phokoso la mkaka kwa masekondi angapo kuti zotsalira za zipangizo zilowe mu thanki wamba pambali ya mkaka, ndipo pangotumiza magalasi kuti atsuke.

Makina opangira mkaka

Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa kukhazikitsa ndi chiŵerengero cha ng'ombe zomwe angatumikire panthawi imodzimodzi, ndi momwe amaikidwira.

ADM-8

Zokonzeka kutumikila minda yayikulu yomwe ili ndi anthu osachepera mazana awiri. Chipangizo chokhazikika chokhala ndi zitsulo zamagetsi ndi mkaka. Mtengo wa mkaka ndiwothamanga, mamita amaikidwa pa mapaipi. Mu mzere uliwonse wa mkaka, mafayilo amasungidwa kuti apatukane kwambiri ndi maiko ena akunja.

Pali botolo lofala kuti tipewe mphutsi za mpweya. Pafupipafupi moyo wa ADM-8 ndi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, mphamvu ya mitu 200 ndiyo mazira oposa 110 pa ora. Zimatengera 1.5 kW / h pamtundu uliwonse, makina anayi amafunika kuti asungidwe. Zotsatira:

1. Kuwala ndi kuyenda. Kuika kwake sikulemera matani oposa awiri ndikukulolani kuchoka pa gawo la chakudya panthawi yopuma.
2. Disinfection. Amachotsedwa mothandizidwa ndi kuthamanga pambuyo pa kutha kwa kayendedwe kake.
3. Zitsanzo zopangira. Kukwanitsa kutenga izo kulipo ngakhale pa nthawi yobereka.
4. Dipatimenti ya mkaka. Amasonkhanitsa zipangizo zoyamba pokhapokha atatha popanda kutsanulira muzitini.

Wotsatsa:

1. Kutsekemera kwapamwamba kwamtundu kumayambitsa nkhawa m'minyama ndi kuvulaza minofu ya udder.
2. Makalata a moyo wautali waifupi. Zosagwirizana zenizeni ndi kuchuluka kwa mkaka zimayambira pambuyo pa malita pafupifupi 30,000 adadutsamo.
3. Mapampu otupa opanda pake amafunika kufufuza nthawi zonse..

Mukudziwa? Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, mlimi wina wa ku America dzina lake Colvin anapanga zipangizo zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu zamagetsi ndipo zinapangitsanso chikhomo chokhala ndi yunifolomu m'matumba ndi timthala-percha flanges. Lamulo lachidziwitso ichi linagulitsidwa kwa madola zikwi zisanu - pafupifupi madola 100,000 m'nthawi yathu ino.

UDM-200

Chipangizocho chinapangidwira kupyolera mu mkaka - chokhazikika, chokhala ndi mkaka wamakina ndi zowunikira. Kuwerengera zipangizo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito wogulitsa. Pampu inakonzedwa kuti ikupaka mamita 60 a zipangizo pa ola limodzi. Panthawi yomweyi akhoza kukhala ndi mkaka wokwana 200. Zotsatira:

1. Kuyeretsa kwa zipangizo. Nthawi yomweyo kuchoka ku majekeseni kudzera m'magalasi mkaka umalowa mumtsinje womatizidwa mu thanki yaikulu.
2. Kuthamanga kwakukulu. Ndili pa mlingo wa 47 kPa, kotero ng'ombeyo siilikuvulazidwa pamene ikugwedeza.
3. Flushing Zimapangidwa mwadzidzidzi potenga madzi kuchokera ku madzi.

Wotsatsa:

1. Kusasowa kwa mafayilo. Pali kusowa kwina koyeretsa kwa zipangizo.
2. Bulkiness Pogwiritsa ntchito, mavesi odyetsedwa amaletsedwa.

"Yolochka" UDA-16A

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapulasi ndi ng'ombe zowumitsa m'magulu a gulu. Amapereka chakudya, kuyeretsa zipangizo zowonongeka, kusokoneza ubweya, kuchotsa makapu ndi kusakaniza mkaka wosakaniza. Lili ndi mphamvu zokwana 1.1 kW / h, omwe amapereka 16 chakudya chogawidwa, amapereka mitu ya 200 mpaka 350. Mavitamini a maziwa amapangidwa ndi malita 10,000. Chipangizocho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi awiri ogwiritsira ntchito panthawi yomweyo.

Ndikofunikira! Nthawi zambiri kuyamwa kwa mwana wang'ombe wa kulera kwa ng'ombe kumakhala mkati mwa masentimita 60 pamphindi. Manyowa a makina a milking ayenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi yomweyo kuti ng'ombe ikhale yabwino.

Zotsatira:

1. Kuzindikira kwa mastitis mkaka. Njira yowonongeka ikuyang'ana mkaka, imadziwika komanso imasiyanitsa zinthu zopanda pake.
2. Kusuta Amachitidwa mwachindunji mu mizere ya mkaka, zipangizo zoyera zimadyetsedwa mu thanki wamba.
3. Kusinkhasinkha Kuwonjezera mkaka wa mkaka wa bactericidal.
4. Masewera Zimalimbikitsa mkaka kutuluka, kufulumizitsa njira ya milking.
5. Zosokoneza makina. Kuwongolera kuyendetsa kukula kwa kupatsa mkaka, kugwiritsira ntchito kokha ndi kutaya makapu.

Wotsatsa:

1. Mtengo wapamwamba - Mtengo wa kukhazikitsa "Yolochka" ukuyamba kuchokera pa $ 30,000.
2. Bulkiness - sungakhoze kuikidwa mu nkhokwe.

Carousel UDA-100

Icho chimatchedwa dzina lakuti "Carousel" chifukwa chakuti chaikidwa mu maholo oyandikana nawo. Ili ndi nsanja yozungulira yomwe imapezeka. Ogwira ntchito amatha kugwirizanitsa magalasi kuti abweretse ng'ombe iliyonse, ndipo pamapeto pake amachotsedwa. Malo abwino kwambiri kwa minda yowonongeka. Chipinda choyendetsa chili ndi mphamvu ya 4 kW, imapereka mpata umodzi wokwanira mu kuyendetsa maminiti asanu ndi limodzi. Zitha kugwira ntchito mpaka mitu 75.

Mukudziwa? Ku Scotland kwa zaka 30, amagwiritsira ntchito chipangizochi, anagwiritsira ntchito kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Zinasintha ndi kutulutsidwa zatsopano, koma kawirikawiri, mapangidwe a chipangizocho sanasinthe.

Zotsatira:

1. Kumaliza kumaliza - Pambuyo poyendetsa, mphamvu yowonjezera imachepetsedwa ndipo doping imapezeka mu mkaka.
2. Kudzetsa - Zinyama zonse zimayenda mofulumira, zimangokhala makina.

Wotsatsa:

1. Ogwira ntchito - Kukonzekera kwathunthu kwa kukhazikitsa kumafunika kukhala asanu.
2. Bulkiness - Kumangidwe kuli nyumba yonse, kumakhala kovuta komanso kumafuna nthawi zonse kuyendera.

"Tandem" UDA-8A

Zapangidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe mu makina a gulu. Kusonkhanitsa zakumwa, kuzizira ndikuzifotera; zikhoza kukhala ndi chakudya chopatsa chakudya. Mukatumikila gulu la ziweto 300 pa ora, likhoza kugwira mazira oposa 100. Amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zokwana 2.2 kW, amapatsa mpweya wa 52 Pa, ali ndi mizere ya mkaka. Zotsatira:

1. Pneumatic gate - perekani zowonongeka za zinyama pakuika.
2. Mizere yokha - kutsuka mizere ya mkaka pokhapokha mutatha kukonzanso, yambani udder musanayambe kumeta.
3. Pukuta Kukhazikika - amathetsa kusiyana pakati pa makapu kuti athetse nyama mosavuta.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta. Zimayang'anira kuyendetsa - nthawi yomweyo imayambitsa mastitis mkaka mutalandira chizindikiro kuchokera ku kafukufuku, imachotsa magalasi ku ng'ombe zomwe zasintha.

Wotsatsa:

1. Bulkiness - imagwira malo onse ogulitsira katundu, sangathe kuikidwa mu nkhokwe.
2. Makhazikika - ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'nyengo yozizira m'nyumbamo, osati yoyenera msipu.

Ndikofunikira! Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, kupanikizika kuyenera kuikidwa pa 46-48 Pa, chifukwa udder wawo sunayambe, ndipo khungu likhoza kuvulazidwa kwambiri.

"Zofanana"

Kuyika kwakukulu kokhala ndi minda yokhala ndi ziweto zosachepera zikwi chikwi. Makina oyendetsa katundu ali pamtunda wa masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri (70 cm) kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake ndi pang'onopang'ono kuti apange kuvala magalasi.

Zimadalira ma opaleshoni atatu kuti asungidwe, ali ndi mphamvu ya 1.3 kW / h. Amagwiritsa ntchito kupanikizika mkati mwa 42 Pa - amatanthauza kuika kwapansi. Zotsatira:

1. Galasi yamatope. Galasi ndi chinthu chosasinthika chomwe sichimasintha maonekedwe ndi mapangidwe a zipangizo.
2. Kuthamanga mwadzidzidzi. Ndondomekoyi imayikidwa padera ndipo imapereka zina zowonjezera.
3. Makina a Milk. Zipangizo zing'onozing'ono zimayikidwa mu chigawo chokhazikitsidwa cha makapu a teat, amasungira zolemba za mkaka payekha pa nyama iliyonse.
4. Kukwera pansi. Mpweya wa chibayo umayendetsa nsanja pamodzi ndi woyendetsa ntchito, ndikuthandizira kukonza njira.

Wotsutsa

1. Mtengo wapamwamba - Mtengo wa malowa umayamba kuchokera ku madola 40,000.
2. Kuvuta kwa kusamalira - kwanitsa kukonza zowonongeka kungakhale katswiri wodziwa ntchito.

"Doyushka" 1P

Makina osakanikirana opangidwa kuti azisamalira ng'ombe pa minda yaing'ono ya mkaka. Mu ola lingathe kukhala ndi ng'ombe 5 mpaka 8. Lili ndi mphamvu ya 0,5 kW, limagwiritsira ntchito kuponderezana kwa 50 Pa, ndipo limatanthawuza malo omwe amatha kupuma.

"Doyushka" amalemera makilogalamu 50, amapereka mphindi pafupifupi 60 pa mphindi. Zotsatira:

1. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi poyendetsa nkhuku kumafanana ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a microwave.
2. Kusamalira. Pakatikati pa mphamvu yokoka imayikidwa m'njira yakuti ngakhalenso chinyama sichikhoza kutembenuza.
3. Magalimoto osakanikirana. Imakwera kutsogolo kwa chipangizocho, choncho sichikupilira ndipo sichimawombedwa.
4. Kuwala Munthu mmodzi akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito "doyushka" - kuyika uku kuli pa trolley ndi mawilo.

Wotsatsa:

1. Ntchito yochepa. Mu ola limodzi mukhoza kumwa mkaka woposa 10.
2. Mphamvu yamagetsi Ili ndi kutalika kwake, kotero kuwonjezera pamenepo, muyenera kugula chingwe chowonjezera.
3. Sitima ya opaque. Mosiyana ndi mapaipi a magalasi ndi zitini za ergoplastic, "Doyushka" salola kuti muyambe mkaka panthawi yomwe imatuluka.

Ndikofunikira! Chikopa cha chikho cha teat chiyenera kukhala chimodzimodzi ndi kutalika kwa ng'ombe ya ng'ombe. Magalasi ali osiyana siyana, ndipo amafunika kusankhidwa pa mtundu uliwonse.

Kuyika mafoni DeLaval MMU

Amagwiritsa ntchito makina osungira katundu, ali ndi mphamvu ya 0,65 kW. Kupsyinjika kwapakati pa kupindika kumasiyanasiyana pakati pa 42-45 Pa, ndiko kuti, pafupi ndi mwana wathanzi woyamwa. Pulsator palibe, ngati n'koyenera, ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa mosiyana. Zotsatira:

1. Kusintha Kuyika kumakhala ndi mawilo ndi chogwirira, mosavuta kutengedwa ndi munthu mmodzi.
2. Zomangamanga zosavuta. Pali zinthu zochepa pazowonjezereka mu funsoli, chifukwa zakusungirako simukusowa kukaonana ndi katswiri wamaluso.
3. Muffler. Kuchepetsa phokoso la phokoso limapindulitsa ng'ombe - sizitha kupanikizika ndi kupereka mkaka bwino.

Wotsatsa:

1. Zochepa zokolola. Kwa ola limodzi lokonzekera limatha kugwiritsa ntchito mkaka wa 7 mpaka 10.
2. Injini yosakanikirika. Mu mafano omwe anapangidwa isanakwane 2010, injini imalephera. Mu zitsanzo zam'tsogolo, vuto ili lithetsedwa.

Mukudziwa? Anna Baldwin wa ku New Jersey anali woyambitsa woyamba ku America kuti apange chilolezo chogwiritsira bwino ntchito m'ma 50s a zaka za XIX. Chigawochi chinali ndi ndowa, magalasi komanso mpweya wophweka. Chotupacho chinali chosasunthika, mkaka unayamwa ndi mtsinje wopitilira, osati mwachisokonezo chachilengedwe, ndipo lingaliro lonse linali lopanda ungwiro, koma linayambitsa chiyambi cha zowonjezera zowonjezera zothandiza.

Makina oyamwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa minda yonse ya ng'ombe zamkaka. Amathandizira ntchito ndi kupereka mkaka wamtengo wapatali mkaka. Makina opaka mkaka ali ndi zosiyana ndi zosiyana ndi zomwe akupanga.

Pogwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono lamakono, amapereka zotsatira zosiyana. Musanagule chipangizochi mumunda wanu, mukuyenera kufanizitsa mosamalitsa zolemba zake ndi makina okwera mpikisano.