Kawirikawiri, kubzala zomera zokongola, mukuyembekeza kuti adzaphuka ndi kusangalatsa diso. Koma nthawi zina zimachitika kuti chomera chimayamba kuvulaza. Pankhaniyi, simudzawona maluwa okongola kapena masamba abwino.
Nkhaniyi inakonzedwa kuti ikuthandizani kuzimvetsa, zomwe zimakhudza "matenda". Tidzakambirana kuti chifukwa chiyani mankhwalawa amakula bwino, choyenera kuchita ngati mtengo uli ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, momwe tingatetezere chitsamba ku chisanu ndi zina zambiri.
Mukudziwa? Clematis amalembedwa ku Royal Horticultural Society, yomwe ili ku London.
Kuthirira bwino komanso kusamalira nthaka
Popeza clematis (clematis) ndi yofunikitsa, yotentha kwambiri, imakonda nthaka yothira ndi yobzala, kusamalidwa kosayenera kwao kungayambitse vuto la mbewu kapena imfa yake.
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kuthirira. Mutabzala, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa mlungu uliwonse mokwanira. Ngati nyengo ili yotentha ndi youma, kuthirira kumachitika masiku asanu ndi awiri. Pambuyo pa kusintha, mbeu imathiriridwa masiku onse 8-9. Pamene nthaka yakuya 20 cm pafupi ndi clematis youma - muyenera kuthirira mbewu.
Kuti phokoso liphuphuke kwambiri, dothi liyenera kusakanizidwa ku mizu yakuya (masentimita 60). Izi, poyamba, zimatanthauza tchire zoposa zaka zisanu. Mungathe kuchita izi motere: mu masentimita 30 kuchokera ku chitsamba, mumayika zitsulo ndi dzenje pansi; Pambuyo kuthirira kwabwino kumadzaza ndi madzi. Momwemonso, madzi amatsika pang'onopang'ono pansi ndikufika pozama.
Ndikofunikira! Wakulirapo, chomeracho chidzakhala pachimake. Kuchokera chaka chilichonse mizu imafika pansi, sizingatheke kuti muzitsuka pansi pamtunda wa masentimita 80.
Timasamalira bwino nthaka. Pambuyo kuthirira kulikonse, nkofunika kumasula nthaka kuti ikhale yosakanizika ndi nthaka. Popeza chomeracho chimafuna nthaka yowuma ndi yotayirira, kuika mulch kungakhale njira yabwino kwambiri. Kutsekemera kumagwiritsiridwa ntchito humus wothira peat. Muluwu umagwira ntchito zingapo nthawi imodzi: umapangitsa dziko lapansi kukhala lonyowa, limameretsa nthaka, limateteza mizu kuchokera kuzizizira, ndipo imapereka malo okhalamo zothandiza.
Chifukwa chiyani clematis sikumakula? Mwina chifukwa, kuwonjezera pa makina opangira nthaka, ndikofunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza. Clematis amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri pa maluwa ndipo chisanu chisanafike chimathamanga. Ngati simudyetsa chomera kamodzi pamwezi, ndiye kuti iyamba kuvunda mwamsanga. Muyenera kupanga pafupifupi 10 malita a zakudya pa mbeu yaikulu (kapena awiri).
Ndikofunikira! Small-flowered clematis manyowa 2-3 nthawi pa nyengo (miyezi itatu).
Taganizirani za kusowa kwa zinthu zofunika, ndi momwe zimasonyezera pa chomera.
1. Kutaya kwa nayitrogeni. Pamene clematis ilibe chinthu ichi, masamba ake amatembenukira chikasu ndikukhala ofiira, maluwawo amakhala ochepa komanso otukuka. Mankhwala otchedwa nitrojeni amafunika kwambiri m'chaka cha masika. Pakuti feteleza ntchito ammonium nitrate (15 g pa 10 malita a madzi) ndi slurry (1 gawo pa 10 malita a madzi).
2. Kutsowa kwa phosphorous. Popanda masamba a phosphorous kukhala bulauni ndi zofiirira tinge. Bweretsani chinthu ichi mu September. Kuvala pamwamba kumagwiritsa ntchito superphosphate (20 g pa madzi 10 l) kapena fupa (fufuzani dziko ndi mawerengero 200 g pa 1 sq. M.).
3. Kutaya potaziyamu. Zimayambitsa mdima ndi blackening wa peduncle ndi pedicle, m'mphepete mwa masamba kukhala bulauni. Izi zingathetsedwe mwa kuwonjezera feteleza otsatirawa: potaziyamu nitrate (yogwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto) kapena potaziyamu sulphate (kumapeto kwa chilimwe) mu chiĊµerengero cha 25 g pa 10 malita a madzi.
Kodi kudulira kumachitidwa molondola
Gawo lino lidzakuthandizani kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake chimfine chimakula bwino. Popeza chomerachi chikutha pafupifupi nthaka yonse yachisanu, m'nyengo yachisanu imayenera kuipeza mofulumira kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, nthambi iliyonse kapena mphukira zingakhudze osati chiwerengero cha maluwa ndi kukula kwake, komanso ngati chitsamba chidzaphuka konse.
Kudulira moyenerera kumachepetsanso katundu pa chomera chachitsamba kumapeto kwa kasupe ndikumasula chitsamba ku nthambi zakufa komanso za matenda. Pambuyo pa chaka choyamba cha kukula nyengo, tchire lonse limafuna kudulira mwamphamvu. Choncho mumalimbikitsa kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati m'chaka chachiwiri cha zomera, clematis sichikulirakulira, ndiye kugwa akubwereza "capital" kudulira chitsamba.
M'zaka zotsatira, kudulira kumachitika malinga ndi gulu la zomera:
- Maluwa oyambirira. Pambuyo maluwa, mphukira zowonongeka zimadulidwa, odwala ndi ofooka.
- Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe ukufalikira. Gululi limaphatikizapo hybatis hybrids zomwe zimayambiranso mu August / September. Kudulira kumachitika kumapeto kwa autumn (kudula odwala, youma mphukira). Pewani kudulira mphukira za chaka chatha ndi 2 mm.
- Maluwa ochedwa Clematis yomwe imatuluka m'chilimwe ndi m'dzinja. Pankhani imeneyi, kudulira kolimba kumachitika (kusiya 20 cm kuchokera pansi). Maluwa chaka chamawa adzawonekera pa mphukira zatsopano.
Ndikofunika kutsatira ndondomeko ya kudulira, kuti asawononge chomera: muyenera kudula mkaka ndi mpweya wolimba pamwamba pa mphukira.
Ndikofunikira! Pambuyo kudula mitengo iliyonse chitsamba kumafuna disinfection secateurs.
Kodi kuteteza nyengo yozizira kumadalirika?
Kodi mungateteze bwanji chomera ku chisanu ndi hypothermia? Amaluwa ambiri amavutika kubisala mbewu. Clematis akhoza kufota ndi kufa, kapena idzaphuka kwambiri.
Pali njira zingapo zomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito kuika ma clematis m'nyengo yozizira:
- owuma;
- mpweya;
- kuphatikiza.
Momwemo pogona. Kuwombera m'nyengo yozizira kumaphimbidwa ndi filimu (ikani chimango ndi kutambasula filimuyo). Ngati dzinja ndi snowless ndi kutentha, zomera akhoza chabe perepret.
Njira yogwirizana. Choyamba, pukutani ndi utuchi, ndiyeno pangani chimango pamwamba pa chomeracho ndi kutambasula filimuyi. Njirayi idzakhala yabwino koposa, popeza mizu idzatetezedwa ku chisanu, ndipo filimuyi sidzaphonya chinyezi.
Clematis Pest Control Control
Chomeracho sichitetezedwa ku tizirombo kuti nthawi imodzi ikhoza kuwononga chitsamba chanu. Tizilombo timayambitsa mavuto aakulu: amawononga masamba, masamba, masamba ndikudwala matenda owopsa. Ganizirani za tizirombo zoopsa kwambiri za clematis.
Nematodes
Ndi mphutsi zing'onozing'ono (mpaka 1 mm), zomwe zimawononga masamba, mizu ndi mphukira. Nematodes imachepetsa kukula ndi chitukuko cha clematis, ndipo kuukira kwakukulu kumatha kufa.
Ndikofunikira! Choopsa kwambiri pa chomera ndicho muzu ndulu nematode.
N'zosatheka kuchotsa ma-ematodes, choncho chomeracho chikuwonongedwa, ndipo dothi ndi disinfection (ndi nthunzi yotentha kwa maola 14).
Kangaude mite
Zotenthazi tizilombo pansi pa masamba ndi m'ming'alu ya nthaka. Mite imayambitsa masamba a zomera, zomwe zimayamba kugwedeza ndi kugwa. Kulimbana ndi kulowetsedwa kwa adyo (200 wosweka anyezi pa 10 malita a madzi).
Beet aphid
Izi zimadya chakudya chomera, zimakhala pa masamba ndi kumera. Pochotseratu, mankhwalawa amatchedwa "Antitlin" kapena phulusa yowonongeka, yomwe imayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa malo omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Shchitovka
Mofanana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, amadya zomera zowonongeka. Powonongeka kwa zovuta, gwiritsani ntchito 40% ya etile mowa, yomwe imatsuka zomera masiku khumi ndi awiri. Zilombo zina (slugs ndi makoswe) zimawonongedwa ndi chizolowezi mankhwala kapena mawotchi kuchotsa.
Mitundu yayikulu ya matenda a clematis
Clematis ali ndi chinthu chimodzi - mizu yomwe ili bwino kwambiri, yomwe imapita pansi kwambiri. Kawirikawiri chifukwa cha izi, zomera izi zimafa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Mu gawo ili, tiwone zochepa za matendawa, fufuzani chifukwa chomwe clematis sichimasintha, komanso kuthetsa vutoli.
Mukudziwa? Clematis imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala ngati mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa ndi kuchepetsa.
Leaf Rust
Kutupa kotupa ndi maonekedwe a lalanje pamphuno, petioles ndi masamba. Matendawa amadziwonekera m'chaka. Matendawa akafalikira, masamba a chomera amafota ndipo mphukira zimapotoza ndikuphwanyika.
Vuto la matendawa ndi bowa limene limawombera pamwamba pa mphukira ndipo limatulutsa mphukira kumapeto kwa nyengo. Ngati masamba ndi mphukira zowonongeka ndi dzimbiri sizimachotsedwa nthawi, clematis imakula bwino ndipo imafa. Kutupa pa masamba kumafooketsa zomera ndipo kumakhudza kwambiri nyengo yake yozizira.
Pofuna kupewa, tikukulangizani kuti muchotse namsongole, zomwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakonda kwambiri nthawi yachisanu. Ngati sizingatheke kuteteza chomera ku dzimbiri, ndiye kuti zizindikiro zoyambirira ziyenera kuchotsa masamba owonongeka ndi mphukira, ndiyeno perekani clematis ndi Bordeaux madzi.
Malo a Leaf
Septoria (kapena tsamba la tsamba) ndilofala pakati pa zomera. Sanagwirizane ndi "matenda" awa ndi clematis. Wothandizira matendawa ndi bowa la Septor.
Matendawa amadziwika kuti mabala ochepa obiriwira amaoneka pamwamba pa tsamba. Kukula kwa mawangawa - 2-5 mm. Pamphepete mwawo iwo ali wakuda. Patangopita nthawi pang'ono, malo okhudzidwawo akuwala, koma bezel wakuda amakhalabe. Ngati madontho wakuda awonekera pamalo owala, muyenera kudziwa - awa ndi matupi a chipatso cha Septor pamodzi ndi spores. Mipikisano iyi inafalikira mu chitsamba. Masamba okhudzidwa amatembenukira chikasu ndipo, akufa, amagwa.
Chomeracho chimatsalira popanda masamba, chifukwa cha njira zomwe thupi limasokonekera.. Chomera chokhudzidwacho sichitha pachimake, chimachotsedwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi ndipo chimayambitsidwa ndi matenda ena.
Ngati bowa likufalikira, mawangawo amaonekera pa tsamba petioles ndi pa mphukira zatsopano, khungwa laling'ono limamwalira, ndipo nsonga imatha. Mitundu yakuda ya fungasi imadutsa m'nyengo yozizira ndikupulumuka nthawi yozizira bwino pa masamba akugwa ndi makungwa. Kufalikira kwa matendawa kumapangitsa nyengo yozizira ndi yamvula.
Pofuna kupeĊµa matenda ndi bowa (Septoriozom), muyenera kusonkhanitsa ndi kutaya masamba otsala, ndikukonzerani kudula ndi munda. Ngati clematis imakula m'mitengo ya greenhouses, m'pofunika kuchepetsa kutentha kwa mlengalenga ndi kuwonjezera kuyera kwa zomera ndi dzuwa.
Mame a Mealy
Matendawa amayamba ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a erizif.
Chizindikiro choyamba cha powdery mildew n'choyera kwambiri pa clematis. Masamba aang'ono, masamba, maluwa ndi mphukira amakhudzidwa. Chikhochi chingakhalenso pa zimayambira ndi masamba a zomera.
Pambuyo pa nkhondoyi, mabala oyambirira a bulauni amaonekera, masamba ndi mphukira zimauma ndi kupunduka. Clematis imakhudzidwa ndi matendawa nthawi zambiri mu July ndi August. Amalimbikitsa kufalikira kwa nyengo yozizira. Ngati clematis adadwala ndi powdery mildew, mbali zonse za shrub ziyenera kudulidwa ndikuchotsedwa mwamsanga.
Ndikofunikira! Simungathe kuchoka m'magulu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka pa malowa, mwinamwake matendawa abwerera.
Fusarium
Matenda owopsa kwambiri a onse omwe atchulidwa ndi fusarium.
Clematis amavutika ndi fungal wilt, yomwe imatchedwa fusarium. Matendawa amalowa kudzera mu zowonongeka ndi zofooka. Bowa amawombera "zotengera" zowonongeka, ndipo mitsempha ya zinthu zothandiza imasokonezeka. Fusarium wilt amawonedwa mu mitundu ya zomera ndi maluwa aakulu. Pansi pa zoopsa ndi zomera zachinyamata. Bowa amakula mu mphukira kuonongeka pamunsi. Zilonda zimafota, masamba amatembenukira bulauni kumphepete. Kutentha kwakukulu + 20 ... + 30 ° C kumaphatikizapo izi. Zizindikiro za matendawa zikuwonekera mu theka lachiwiri la June.
Kuti muteteze musankhe malo abwino okwera. Bowa limakula pa maluwa omwe amakula m'madera ouma kwambiri.
Njira zolimbana ndi matendawa:
- tulirani mphukira zonse pansi pa chitsamba;
- sungani masamba onse ogwa ndikutsitsa malo;
- Sitiyanitsa chomera.
Grey kuvunda pa masamba a clematis
Matendawa amakhudza maluwa nthawi yamvula. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mabala a bulauni amaonekera pamasamba, komanso imfine pamtunda.
Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha bowa wotchedwa botritis. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matendawa - kuwoneka ngati kukwera pa tsinde ndi masamba mapesi. Ngati chomeracho chikukhudzidwa ndi bowa, chimayamba kuvunda, kenako chimamwalira.
Pofuna kuteteza maluwa anu ku bowa, muyenera kupewa madzi ochepa pansi ndi masamba.
Tsoka ilo, palibe mankhwala odalirika a matendawa. Ngati mbola yakuda idafalikira kumunda, chitsamba chiyenera kuwonongeka kuti bowa asafalikire.
Pofuna kuteteza matendawa kuti asatengere mankhwala, muyenera kuthirira mbeu ndi nitrojeni feteleza, ayenera kuthiriridwa pafupi ndizu wa chitsamba. Fulutsira shrub ndi 0.2% yankho la basezol.
Choncho, ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito tizirombo pa nthawi, tanizani nthawi yoyenera ndikugwiritsira ntchito feteleza kunthaka, chomera chidzakondwera, chonde musangalale ndi maluwa okongola komanso masamba abwino.
