Pambuyo pa camellias, mundawo umakhala wozizwitsa ndi maluwa, okhawo omwe amamera m'nyengo yozizira pamene zomera zonse zikugona. Ngakhale kuti kufanana kwa mitundu iwiriyi ndi maonekedwe awo: pompu ndi mawonekedwe. Koma munda wa camellia umasiyana ndi zitsamba zina zokongoletsera zamagetsi; kubzala ndi kusamalira ndizopadera.
Mitundu yosakanizika ya camellia
Masiku ano, pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya camellias, pali mitundu yomwe imasinthidwa kuti izizizira. Iwo akhoza kukhala wamkulu mu nthaka yotseguka, ngakhale kumalo komwe nyengo yachisanu ndi yovuta kwambiri.
Chokha, kuti zinthu zikuyendereni bwino, inu, ngati mundawo, muyenera kusankha bwino zinthu zomwe zikukula ndikusamalira camellia mosamala. Ndiyeno kukongola kwa kubzala camellia kudzabwezera zonse.
Camellia monga mitundu ikuphatikiza mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana: kuchokera ku zitsamba zazing'ono kupita ku mitengo yayikulu.
Koma mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya camellia yomwe inagwidwa ndi chisanu, idapangidwa zaka mazana ambiri, ndipo mu mbeu zazaka za zana la 21 zokha zinayamba kufalikira, zomwe zingamere pa nthaka yotseguka ngakhale nyengo ya chisanu. Mitundu yotsatira yosakanizidwa yambiri ya camellia ikhoza kusiyanitsidwa:
- "Mphatso";
- "Debbie";
- "Hagoromo";
- "Freedom Bell";
- "General Colletti"
Zonsezi zimayamba kuphulika mu kasupe, ndipo ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira amasunga masamba awo.
Mitundu ya Camellia Mphatso - wowoneka wofooka ndi wosakhwima wofiirira-pinki yokongola shrub. Maluwa a maluwa ozungulira omwe amawoneka mozungulira amakhala ofanana ndi orchid. Maluwa ozungulira ndi masentimita 10.
Izi ndi zocheperapo kukula, zimakhululukira zochepa zazing'ono ndikuzisamalira komanso ziri zoyenera ngakhale kwa alangizi amaluwa kapena anthu omwe sadziwa zambiri pa kamera. Mdima wonyezimira wobiriwira wokhawokha umatsindika za kufalikira kwapamwamba kwa maluwa akuluakulu owala.
Mitundu ya Camellia Debbie Komanso imakhala ndi maluŵa ofiira-pinki, kokha m'mitundu yambiri yozungulira. Mosiyana ndi zosiyana siyana, Debbie amakula mofulumira, ndipo kuchuluka kwa maluwa sikukumva.
Maluwawo ndi ofooka kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi tchire, ndipo maluwawo amakhala ozungulira, koma mitundu yonseyi ndi yofanana kwambiri. Debbie saopa mphepo kapena chisanu, sizitanthauza kusamalidwa kovuta ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti mudziwe bwino dziko la camellias.
Mitundu ya camellia ya ku Japan Hagoromo imamasula masamba a pinki ndi pinki. Koma maluwa kwenikweni ndi chameleons. Powonjezereka kufalikira iwo amatembenuzira zoyera.
Izi ndizochepa zokongoletsera shrub zomwe zimapangidwira nthambi ndi wandiweyani korona. Camellia imakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri imapita mmwamba, pang'ono kuwonjezera pa m'mimba mwake.
Camellia maluwa Belu laufulu khala ndi mtundu wofiira ndi coral yodzala ndi kusefukira kwa silky. Iyi ndi ntchito yeniyeni ya zamasamba pakati pa zomera, zokongoletsedwa ndi zowala zoyera.
Nthambi ya Freedom Bell ndi yowopsya, kukula kwakukulu ndi masamba akulu okongola kwambiri. Izi zosiyanasiyana zimalolera kudulira. Pankhani ya kutentha ndi kuzizira kwa mphukira, zimatha kufupikitsidwa bwino.
Camellia waku Japan General colletti zosiyana kwambiri ndi zosiyana siyana ndi maluwa ake ofiira ndi osiyanasiyana. Mawanga ofiira oyera amaonekera pa iwo. Madontho oyera pamakhala amakula pamene masambawo akuphuka.
Mukudziwa? Mpaka pano, mitundu yoposa 10,000 ndi mitundu ya camellias imadziwika.
Momwe mungagulire kamera kakang'ono m'sitolo
Ndi bwino kuti musagule mbande za camellia pasanapite nthawi, koma kuti muzigula nthawi yomweyo mutabzala. Sankhani mbande zomwe zili ndi zaka zinayi zokha. Ayenera kukhala ndi mphukira zamphamvu.
Ngati mutenga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chisanu, onetsetsani kuti katunduyo akadali m'sitolo. Wopereka katunduyo ayenera kupereka zowonjezereka zokhuza kukula kwa camellias m'madera okhala ndi chisanu ndi chisanu cha frosty komanso pazigawo zotentha.
Tanthauzo la izi ndiloti mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ngakhale yosasinthasintha, koma mbande inayake ya mbande ingakulire mu nyengo yakuda. Ndipo izi zingakhale ndi zotsatira zoopsa kwa camellia m'nyengo yozizira yoyamba.
Onetsetsani chisanu cha mbewu iliyonse yomwe yagulidwa mwa kufunsa mafunso otsogolera kwa wogulitsa / wogulitsa.
Kulima camellia munda
Mlimi wodzala ndi kamellia akuyenera kudziwa komwe kuli bwino kulima, momwe angasamalire bwino, nthaka yomwe iyenera kukhala, kuchuluka kwa madzi, komanso kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Moyo wathunthu wa shrub umayamba ndi kukhazikika kwawo.
Malingaliro okwera pa malo otseguka
Camellia iyenera kubzalidwa pakati pa makumi awiri ndi awiri a mwezi wa June.
Momwe mungasankhire malo oti mufike
Amakonda kwambiri camellia, nyengo yabwino ndi yozizira. Chifukwa chodzala m'madera ena a chomera ayenera kusintha. Kulima kwina kwa camellia m'munda kuyenera kuyamba ndi malo osungira malo omwe mphepo zamphamvu sizilowerera.
Mbali ya kummawa ndi nthawi zonse kuti dzuwa liwonekere sizimakhudza camellia. Chitsamba chidzakula bwino mumthunzi kapena mwa mthunzi - osati mumdima.
Camellia amafunikira mpweya wabwino ndi tsiku lalifupi lowala kuti apange masamba. Maluwa a Camellia amaikidwa pa kutentha kwa 17 mpaka 20 ° C, ndipo amakhala pachimake kuchokera 8 mpaka 13 ° C.
Momwe mungakonzekerere nthaka yobzala mbande
Kusamalira ndi kukonza camellia m'munda kumayambira mwachindunji ndi kukonzekera kwa nthaka. Nthaka yachimunda yamunda ndi yochepa kwambiri ndipo salola mpweya kudutsa ndi chinyezi. Wogulitsa minda amayenera kukonza kayendedwe ka ngalande ndikuonetsetsa kuti asidi a nthaka.
Dothi lokongola likhoza kukonzekera. Zokwanira kusakaniza peat nthaka, mchenga, pine zinyalala ndi makungwa pansi. Mukhoza kugula nthaka yokonzedwa bwino, yosungirako azaleas ndi rhododendron.
Kawirikawiri anabzala camellia m'dzikolo. Pachifukwa ichi, muyenera kusankha chithunzi chofalikira. Panthawi imeneyi, zomerazo zili mu mpumulo, ndipo ndi magulu akuluakulu a camellia zidzakhala zosavuta kusinthana ndi malo atsopano.
Chitsambacho chiyenera kuchotsedwa mosamala mu chidebecho, kusunga mizu yowopsya. Mukamabzala camellia, musalowe mu nthaka ya mizu yake.
Koma musasiye mizu yayandikira kwambiri, chifukwa pali mwayi waukulu kuti chomera chidzafa pa chisanu choyamba. Pambuyo pa kutsika kwa camellia, madzi ndi mufle kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Chimodzi mwa nthano zakale chimanena kuti anamwali okongola ochokera ku Saturn, omwe sanagonjetsedwe ndi zithumwa za mulungu wachikondi Amur, anasandulika kukhala camellias. Kukumbukira izi, camellias amawonetsedwa ndi kuzizira komanso kusamvera.
Mbali yosamalira camellia m'munda
Ngakhale mosavuta, munda wa camellia umafuna kusamalidwa komanso koyenera nthawi zonse.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa zomera
Mukatsanulira camellia pa maluwa, onetsetsani kuti madzi sagwera pa masamba kapena maluwa. M'chilimwe, zomera zimasowa nthawi zonse, zomwe zimayenera kuperekedwa mowolowa manja. M'nyengo yozizira, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumafunika kwambiri.
Koma zimakhalanso kuti camellia akutsikira masamba, ndipo nthawi zina amamera, bwanji? Choyamba, ichi ndi chizindikiro choyamba kuti dothi silingakwaniridwe mokwanira kapena kuti silinali bwino. Zotsatira zake ndizowoneka - normalization ya ulimi wothirira ndikukhazikitsa ubwino wodyetsa.
Ndikofunikira! Camellia akukula m'mundamo, kufunafuna madzi ndi khalidwe lake. Musamwe madzi zomera ndi madzi omwe ali ndi laimu. Madzi ozizira bwino amayenera bwino chifukwa chaichi.Camellia amafunika kuvala bwino, makamaka mu kasupe, panthawi yopanga mphukira zatsopano, pamene kukula kwake kukuyamba. Chakudya chiyenera kukhala kumapeto kwa chilimwe kawiri pamwezi.
Ndikofunikira! Ndi kuvala simukuyenera kupitirira. Madzi a camellia sasowa chakudya chochuluka. Ndikoyenera kudyetsa chomera, pokhapokha ngati nthaka yothira bwino.Kufotokozera kuvala mukufunikira kokha pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi mineral feteleza. Iwo akhoza kugulitsidwa ku sitolo iliyonse yomwe ili yabwino kumunda ndi kumunda wamunda. Nyengo ya chilimwe imalowetsedwa ndi nthawi yophukira ndi kupanga mapangidwe atsopano, kudyetsa kumatha.
Kudyetsa chomeracho kumabweretsa kukula kwake nthawi yomwe imayenera kupumula. Pankhaniyi, camellia wamkulu akhoza kuvutika kwambiri, ndipo achinyamatawo amawombera.
Kudula ndi kuika
Camellia iyenera kuikidwa panthawi yake yopuma, yomwe ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira. Pali nthawi ziwiri yogwira kukula kwa mbeu:
- Woyamba - kuyambira pachiyambi cha April ndi masabata atatu.
- Yachiŵiri - kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa July mpaka m'dzinja.
Ndikofunikira! Kubwezeretsa camellia m'kukula kumadza ndi zotsatira zoopsa: mbewu imatha kuimitsa kapena kufa.
Kusamalira bwino mbewu yachinyamata, iyenera kubzalidwa pachaka. Ndipo m'nyengo yamaluwa, camellia imayenera kuikidwa pamalo atsopano zaka ziwiri zilizonse.Kuchulukitsa kwakukulu ndi nthambi za mphukira za camellia zimafunika kutsina pamene kuziika. Kulimbikitsa mapangidwe impso ayenera kudula camellia pakati autumn.
Camellia ndi wodzichepetsa podula mitengo, koma phindu lidzangokhala ngati mudzakolola kumapeto kwa maluwa. Ngati chitsamba chadula kwambiri, ndiye kuti chidzafunika chisamaliro chokwanira. Thwangwala yokhudzidwayo iyenera kuti ikhale yothira mobwerezabwereza.
Kukonzekera chitsamba kwa dzinja
M'chilimwe, camellia imakula m'mundamo, chifukwa m'nyengo yozizira ikhoza kukumbidwa ndikupita ku chipinda chachisanu. Sungani shrub ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa kutentha kumakhala kovuta kwa mbewu.
Malo abwino kwambiri a camellia ndi khonde lotentha kapena chipinda chilichonse chomwe chimakhala chofanana ndi wowonjezera kutentha.
M'nyengo yozizira, camellia imamasula kwambiri, koma izi zimatheka kokha usiku kutentha kwa 0 ... + 5 ° C. Ichi ndicho chinthu chachikulu chomwe munda wa camellia umapitirirabe kwambiri.
Camellia akuswana pakhomo
Camellia ikhoza kubala, monga zomera zambiri: mbewu, kuika, kukulumikizanitsa ndi kumtenganitsa.
Cuttings
Kamera zamaluwa zimakula bwino ndi zipatso za hafu zomwe zimadulidwa pafupi ndi August. Phesi liyenera kukhala ndi masamba asanu, pafupifupi masentimita 8.
Kodi mungadzule bwanji camellia? Kudula kwake kuyenera kubzalidwa mumchenga kapena kusakaniza mchenga ndi peat mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1. Mapeto a kudula amathiridwa mu phytohormone, yomwe imathandiza kutentha bwino nthaka.
Kutentha kwake kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi madigiri 25. Zikatero, phesi lidzakhazikika miyezi iwiri.
Tengani kwenikweni zokhazokha zokha. Mphukira yautchire yobiriwira si yoyenera kubereka. Mizu ya cuttings yabzalidwa miphika yosiyana.
Mbewu
Njira yoberekera mbeu camellia yothandiza kwambiri. Ndi liti pamene mukufunika kudzala mbewu za camellia? Zimapsa pofika m'mawa. Mbewu ziyenera kufesedwa mwamsanga mutatha kukolola, mwinamwake kumera kwawo sikudzatha mwamsanga chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta.
Bzalani mbewu mu chisakanizo cha peat ndi mchenga mumabokosi a matabwa. Kukula kwa mbande kumathamanga pa kutentha kwa 20 ° C ndipo kumatha kuchokera ku masabata angapo mpaka chaka chimodzi. Kenaka, pooneka ngati masamba awiri, mbande zimathamanga m'modzi modzi kukhala miphika yosiyana ndi masentimita 7.
Camellias, yomwe imakula kuchokera ku mbewu, imakhala yabwino kwambiri kuti ikhale yovuta komanso imakula mofulumira.
Kawirikawiri chomeracho chimamasula m'chaka chachisanu kapena chachisanu ndi chiwiri, koma mitundu ina imakula pachiwiri kapena chachitatu.
Mukudziwa? Camellias anawonekera ku Ulaya mu 1738 chifukwa cha mchimwene wa Yesuit Joseph Camel. Mwa ulemu wake, chomeracho ndipo anadziwika kuti "camellia."
Kusinthasintha kawirikawiri ndi kukula, matenda otheka ndi tizirombo ta camellias
Matenda a Camellia akhoza kuchitidwa ndi kutetezedwa, chinthu chachikulu ndikudziwa njira zothandizira ndi kupewa.
Malo okongola. Masamba ndi mphukira za mtunduwo zimakhala ndi mawanga achikasu osiyanasiyana. Matendawa amatha kuchitika chifukwa cha zosabadwa za majini, komanso chifukwa cha matenda a tizilombo.
Mmene mungamenyere: amafunika kutenga mosamala maselo a mfumukazi. Zomera zokhala ndi zing'onozing'ono zowona chikasu ziyenera kuchotsedwa.
Mafilimu. Masambawa ali ndi mabala ofiira a mawonekedwe osasintha. Matendawa amawonekera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chinyezi ndi kuwonongeka kwa masamba.
Mmene mungamenyere: Mapepala okhudzidwa ayenera kuchotsedwa. Powonongeka mofulumira kwa mbeu, mpweya umayenera kuchepetsedwa. Asanayambe nyengo yachisanu, camellia amafunika kuchiritsidwa ndi imodzi mwazikonzekerezi zotsatirazi: Saporol, mkuwa sulphate, Bordeaux osakaniza, Abiga-Peak.
Weevil-skosar. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa tingadziwike ndi masamba omwe adatengedwa kumbali. Mphutsi ya tizilombo toyambitsa matendayi ndi yoopsa kwambiri kuposa amayi omwe ali ndi amayi. Amawononga mizu. Amawoneka ngati nyongolotsi zoyera 1 cm ndi mutu wakuda.
Mmene mungamenyere: Chitani ntchito yabwino ndi tizirombo Basudin mu granules, Golden Spark, Flyer ndi Medvetoks.
Shchitovki ndi zikopa zabodza. Amayambitsa mphukira zazing'ono, ndipo pamwamba pa zimayambira ndi ma phokoso owonekera a golidi kapena mtundu wofiirira. Tizilombo izo akutembenukira basi otkovyrnut chinachake woonda.
Mmene mungamenyere: ndi tizilonda tating'ono tingathe kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pambuyo pake, sungani nsalu ya pa thonje mufafini ndikupukuta zimayambira. Filimu yowuma salola mpweya, ndipo tizilombo timatha kufa. Ngati zilondazo zili padziko lonse, ndiye kuti Camellia amafunika kuchiritsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mafuta amchere oyenera.
Kupuma. Masamba a chomera m'madera onsewa amapeza mtundu wofiirira wa chikasu. Pa underside wa masamba pali mdima kutuluka. Thrips ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'onoting'ono ta mtundu wachikasu kapena wofiirira umene uli pansi pa masamba. Amaoneka pamene mpweya kutentha ukukwera ndipo chinyezi chikuwonjezeka. Masamba okhudzidwa kwambiri amauma ndi kugwa.
Mmene mungamenyere: Muyenera kupachika misampha yamtundu wa buluu pafupi ndi zomera. Kuti athetseratu tizirombo, makellias amathiridwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda Aktara, Aktellik, Fufanon, Fitoverm, Tanrek, Spark, ndi zina zotero. Pambuyo masiku asanu, chithandizochi chiyenera kubwerezedwa, chifukwa tizilombo timadutsamo.
Mite Masambawo amajambula ndi madontho achikasu, omwe amatha kupitilira nthawi, amawotcha ndi owuma. Nthata zokhala ndi 0,5 mm zokha zimakhala pakati pa mphutsi pansi pa masamba. Nkhupaku zimaoneka kuchokera kutentha ndi mpweya wouma.
Mmene mungamenyere: Kumayambiriro koyamba, camellia akhoza kuchiritsidwa ndi sopo yankho kapena mineral mafuta. Ndi thandizo lothandizira Fitoverm, Akarin, Vertimek, Lightning ndi ena.
Kugwiritsa ntchito camellia zomera m'malo osiyanasiyana
Camellia yobiriwira bwino malo ozizira. Maluwa awo ndi okongola kwambiri kuti azikongoletsera nyumba ndi maholo.
Mankhwala amapangidwa kuchokera ku masamba ndi masamba a camellia. Ndizitsamba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zakumwa, monga zimapsa.
Maluwa ndi masamba a camellia ali ndi mavitamini omwe amachititsa kuti thupi likhale ndi mphamvu yambiri komanso kuthandizira kuchotsa mafuta owonjezera.
Mafuta a phenolic omwe ali m'mamasamba amakhala ochepetsetsa komanso amathetsa lipids. Choncho, kuchepa pang'ono mumalowa. Kuthamanga kwa mizu ya camellia kumakhudza kutsekula m'mimba.
Pa maziko a mafuta ochokera ku mbewu za Camellia amapanga zodzoladzola zamtundu uliwonse. Mwachitsanzo, milomo yamagetsi ndi mafuta a camellia amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wosanjikiza komanso wosanjikiza. Msuzi masamba amachititsa tsitsi kukhala losalala komanso losasangalatsa.
Tiyi wathanzi ndi onunkhira amapangidwa kuchokera ku masamba owuma a camellia. Ikhoza kukhala okonzeka m'nyumba. Masamba asanu a tsamba amafunika kusonkhanitsidwa kuyambira May mpaka September. Iwo amaikidwa pa thabwa lamatabwa ndipo amawalira kwa theka la tsiku.
Kenaka mukulumikiza mumachubu ndikufalikira pa thaulo lamadzi ndi makulidwe a masentimita 7 ndikupita maola asanu. Masamba atayamba kununkhira ndi kukhala ofiira ofiira, amafunika kuyidwa mu uvuni pa 50 ° C. Teya ikhoza kuswedwa.
Ku China, camellia amasiya mankhwala opatsirana, amachiza zilonda, matenda otupa m'mimba, machiritso a malungo, khunyu ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Thandizo labwino ndi kutopa.
Chifukwa cha tonic ndi astringent katundu wa camellia maluwa, ziwalo zimatha kukhala bwino ndi mopweteka kuchiritsidwa. Kudulidwa kwa maluwa kumaima mkati ndi kunja kwa magazi.
Ndikofunikira! Onetsetsani kutsatira mlingo, kutenga Camellia zipangizo monga wothandizira.Ndipo potsiriza, ine ndikufuna kuti ndizimvetsetse funso limodzi lina: kodi maluwa a camellia amaimira chiyani?
Kwa nthawi yaitali, camellia anali "maluwa". Только представители этого сословия могли выращивать камелии и украшать ими одежду. Но в 15 веке внезапно возникло такое поверье, что самурай, прикоснувшийся к камелии, будет неминуемо обезглавлен. Объясняется это просто.Maluwa a camellia omwe amang'ambika sagwedezeka akagwa pansi, ndipo malingaliro achiyanjano a ku Japan awonjezera mitundu yake.
Kale, malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha Shinto, camellia anali chizindikiro cha mulungu wamkazi wa dzuwa Amaterasu, kenako - Yesu, pakufika kwachikhristu. Masiku ano camellia ikuimira mphamvu ndi moyo wautali.
