Icho chidzakhala funso la chomera chokongoletsera - cholengedwa. Tidzakayankha funso la momwe tingabzalidwe nyemba za mbande ndi momwe tingasamalirire. M'nkhani ino simudzapeza zambiri zofunikira, komanso mfundo zokhudzana ndi zomera.
Mukudziwa? Kale, chomera chochokera ku mtundu wa Burachok chinagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi matenda a chiwewe, monga momwe amasonyezera ndi dzina lake lachilatini: lat.a - osati, popanda (kukana), ndi ylyssa - canine rabies.
Kukula kwa alissum mmera njira
Tidzakhala ndi chidziwitso mwachidule ndi alissum. Alyssum anabzala m'mabedi a maluwa, akugwiritsa ntchito mwa mawonekedwe a moyo wonyamulira. Alyssum kapena Burachok ndi mtundu wa zomera ku banja la kabichi. Mtunduwu uli ndi mitundu 200 yomwe imapezeka ku Ulaya, Asia komanso kumpoto kwa Africa. Chomeracho chiri ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 15 mpaka 40. Zipatso ndi bokosi lomwe liri ndi mbewu zomwe sizimataya kumera kwa zaka zitatu zosungirako. Kenaka, ganizirani malamulo a kufesa mbewu za alissum m'nthaka.
Momwe mungabzalitsire mbewu
Mbewu ya mbande imafesedwa mu March kapena April. Nthaka ikhale yopanda mphamvu yamchere (yopezeka powonjezera laimu) ndi kukhala ndi ph 5.5-6.0. Nthaka imayikidwa mu bokosi, mbewuzo zimayikidwa pamwamba ndipo zimakakamizidwa pang'ono. Mukhoza kuchepetsa prikopat nthaka yomweyo kusakaniza, koma izi siziri zofunikira.
Kodi kusamalira mbande
Ambiri akukhudzidwa ndi funsoli: Kodi ndi nthawi yayitali bwanji pamene phokoso likubwera ndipo njirayi ingachedwe? Kuti mbeu izimbe, izi ziyenera kukumana: Kutentha kwapakati ndi 13-15 ° C, kuyatsa bwino (makamaka osati kowoneka kokha), malo obzalamo mbeu kuti apange mvula yowonjezera (galasi kapena filimu imagwiritsidwa ntchito), nthawi zonse kuthamanga, nthaka ikuwotha.
Ngati zinthu zonse zatha, ndiye kuti alissum idzamera mkati mwa masiku asanu ndi atatu. Pambuyo poonekera tsamba loyamba, muyenera kuthira manyowa ndi feteleza, ndipo mukawona kale masamba 3, panizani miphika yosiyana. Pambuyo pa kuziyika mu miphika, chomeracho chimakonzedwa bwino kuti chodzala pamtunda. Muyenera kuyembekezera nyengo yofunda ndi kuyika malo osungirako malo.
Kufesa mbewu za alissum poyera
Tsopano ilo lidzakhala funso la momwe zingakhalire komanso pamene kuli kofunika kufesa malo osatsegula.
Nthawi ndi kuya kwa mbeu yofesa
Ngati mwatsimikiza kufesa mbewu nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kuyembekezera nyengo yofunda. Mosiyana ndi kufesa kutentha kwa mbeu, mbeu zowonongeka zimabzalidwa kale kuposa May. Amaikidwa m'manda osapitirira 0,5 masentimita. Ngati atabzala mwakuya, mphukira siidzakhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuti ipite kudothi.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati chomera cham'munda chimawoneka ngati malire a moyo, ndiye kuti mtunda wa pakati pa zomera ukhoza kuvomerezedwa.
Mukamabzala mbewu, muyese mtunda pakati pa maluwa kuti asasokonezane wina ndi mzake - izi zimakhala pafupifupi 15 mpaka 40 cm.
Kodi kuunikira kwa mtundu wanji ndiko chikondi cha alissum?
Mukamabzala ndi kusamalira chomera, muyenera choyamba kulingalira za kuyatsa ndi malo a chomera pozungulira dzuwa. Bzalani mbeu potsatsa malo omwe amatetezedwa kuzithunzi. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti chomeracho chidzabzalidwa penumbra, komabe, maluwa sadzakhala amphamvu komanso ngakhale. Mukamabzala, kumbukirani kuti alissum imakula bwino pakati pa mipweya yamoto ndi miyala, yomwe imangotentha maluwa, komanso kukongoletsa munda wanu.
Momwe mungakonzekerere nthaka yofesa mbewu
Konzani malo a alissum: gwiritsani ntchito humus kapena kompositi mwezi umodzi musanafese. Muyeneranso kukonzanso nthaka, nthaka, mchenga kapena mtsinje. Pambuyo pake, amakumba nthaka ndikuyikweza. Ngati dothi likutha, muyenera kubweretsa gawo la laimu ndikubweretsa pH mpaka 6.0-6.3. Mukakonzekera nthaka kuti musamalidwe, musasiye mizu ya namsongole kapena gawo la pamwamba pa chiwembu kuti asadzafesedwe kachiwiri.
Samalani pothandizira kukula kwa alissum
Kuti mupeze maluwa okongola ndi okongola, muyenera kutsatira malamulo a chisamaliro mukamakula alissum.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji nthaka?
Manyowa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kubzala amatha kutopa ndipo chomera chimayamba kusowa njala. Ngati kusowa kwa mchere kumagwirizana ndi nthawi ya maluwa, ndiye kuti mudzasunga maluwa angapo otupa pammera, womwe udzagwa mwamsanga.
Kuperewera kwa mavalidwe kumapangitsa kuti alissum ikhale yotetezeka kwambiri ku matenda ambiri, choncho nthaka iyenera kukhala yodzaza ndi zowonjezera.
Panthawi ya kukula mofulumira (pamaso pa maluwa), alissum imadyetsedwa ndi nayitrogeni feteleza. Pochita izi, 10 malita a madzi amadzipatulidwa mu 1 tbsp. l urea ndi "Agricola-7"; imwani chomera madzulo, pamene chinyezi sichimasanduka kwambiri kuchokera pansi.
Pa maluwa ayenera kupanga zovuta mchere feteleza. Mu mawonekedwe a kudyetsa inu mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito humus.
Kuwonjezera pa kuthira feteleza nthaka, nkofunikira kumasula ndi kuchotsa namsongole. Ngati nthaka ili ndi kutsetsereka, mpweya wa oxygen wa mizu udzayamba ku alissum. Pofuna kupeza zotsatira zabwino, nkofunika kuthirira ndi kumasula madzulo kapena m'mawa. Panthawiyi, chinyezi chimasambira pang'ono, choncho chiwerengero cha ulimi wothirira chingachepe.
Kodi kudula duwa
Maluwa onunkhira osatha amafunika kudula nthawi ndi nthawi kuti asunge mawonekedwe ake ndi zinthu. Kudulira zomera sikumangotengera zokhazokha zokha, komanso kuchotsa matenda, owuma ndi owonongeka. Mwamsanga pamene alissum yatha, muyenera kudula mapesi onse a maluwa. Izi zimachitidwa kuti asunge zofunikira zamasamba.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mukukonzekera kupeza mbewu za mbande, ndiye kuti simungathe kudula mapesi.
25-30 patapita masiku makumi asanu ndi awiri (30) patapita nthawi, kutchetchera kwina kwachitika. Mphukira uliwonse, umene umachokera ku thunthu lalikulu, umachepetsedwa mpaka 3-4 masentimita. Pambuyo pa njirayi, zomera zimatulutsa mphukira zatsopano mu kugwa ndipo korona yake imakhala yowopsya. Kuwonjezera apo, kukonzanso kumawombera, mumapewa mapangidwe a matenda kapena tizilombo towononga.
Kudulira kotsirizira kwachitika masika. Dulani masamba owuma, matenda kapena kuwonongeka. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mphukira zathanzi zikhoza kudulidwa kuti apange mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Ku Siberia ndi ku Altai, Alissum imagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa nthenda ya inguinal, chimfine ndi miyala mu impso.
Mmene mungagwirire ndi matenda otheka
Alissum imayamba kuvulaza pansi pa zovuta: popanda feteleza ndi kudulira mwaukhondo. Ndipo m'nthaka yonyowa pali malo abwino kwa mabakiteriya owopsa.
Ngati maluwa anu akudwala, ayenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga kuti zomera zina zisatengeke.
Kuwonongeka kochedwa (kapena kuvunda kofiira) ndi matenda omwe amayamba ndi madzi okwanira kwambiri. Mizu ndi mizu imayamba kuvunda, ndipo chomera chimalira. Mlandu womwewo ngati chisamaliro cholakwika chimayambitsa matendawa. Pochiza matendawa, muyenera kuchiza mbeu (bwino nthawi yomweyo, kuti musabwererenso) ndi fungicides (Ordan, Kuproksat) ndipo musamamwe madzi.
Vuto lina la alissum ndi powdery mildew, lomwe limayambitsa masamba (mawonekedwe oyera). Masamba odwala amasiya kukula, kutembenukira wakuda ndikufa. Powdery mildew alissum amatha kudulira zambiri, kupanga manyowa ambiri a nayitrogeni ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha. Amachizidwa ndi powdery mildew bordeaux madzi, fungicide "Fundazol" kapena biofungicide "Fitosporin-M".
Ndi liti bwino kusonkhanitsa mbewu
Kuti mupeze mbewu yathanzi, muyenera nthawi yoyamba kusonkhanitsa mbewu kuti mubzalidwe. Nthaŵi yabwino ndiyo mapeto a September, kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa October. Sankhani mbewu kuti mubzalidwe kuchokera ku inflorescences youma. Manja amawaza maluwa alyssum. Chotsani zinyalala zazikulu.
Kenaka njere zimatumizidwa kukauma kumadera otentha mpweya wabwino. Sungani iwo mu matumba a nsalu m'malo otentha.
Ndikofunikira! Onetsetsani nthawi ya maluwa a alissum kuti mbewu zisagwedezeke musanazisankhe.
Alyssum sichifuna chisamaliro chapadera, kotero yesetsani kutsatira malangizo omwe akufotokozedwa kuti maluwa anu asapweteke ndipo nthawi zonse akhale okongola kwambiri m'munda.
