Ipomoea ndiye duwa lalikulu kwambiri la banja lonse la Convolvulus. Banja ili ndi mitundu yopitilira 1000. Dzinalo limamera kuchokera ku mawu achi Greek, monga nyongolotsi ndi odutsa, chifukwa chazomwe zimayambira.
Ku China wakale, mbewu zam'mawa zam'mawa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ofewetsa tuvi. Malo omwe mbewuyo ili ndi malire, imapezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, ziribe kanthu kuti maluwa ake ndi okongola bwanji, musaiwale kuti ndiwopatsa poizoni.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe am'mawa
Garden liana, nthawi zina, amatha kukula 5 m kutalika. Zomwe zimayambira zimakhala ndi masamba mu mtima. Masamba ndi akulu kwambiri, ali ndi fungo lapadera, lonunkhira bwino.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yam'mawa
Ipomoea imapezeka m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuyambira yoyera mpaka yabuluu, kuphatikiza pinki ndi kufiyira. Maluwa amayamba mu Juni.
Pumbwa
Ndiwo mtundu wodziwika bwino wa mbewu iyi. M'malo oyenera okulira, kutalika kumatha kukhala mamita 8. Maluwa a chomera ndiokulirapo, ali ndi kutalika masentimita 7, ofiira, pinki, amtambo, amtambo wofiirira.
Pali magawikidwe mu maluwa wamba, ndi pawiri. Chomera chamaluwa chambiri, chotentha kwambiri, chimakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Ivy
Kutalika kwake kumatha kupitirira mpaka mamita 3. Imakhala ndi tsamba lokhala ndi masamba atatu, pali kufanana kwawo ndi mbale zosanja. Mphukira ndizapakatikati kukula, pafupifupi 5 cm.
Mtundu wa buluu wopepuka umapambana. Pocheperako nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona pinki. Maluwa - pakati pa chilimwe-Okutobala.
Wachifundo
Monga kuwona kwam'mbuyo, 3 m kutalika. Tulutsa maluwa kuchokera mu Julayi, ndikukondweretsa diso mpaka mwezi wachiwiri wa nyundo. Masamba amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe awo okongoletsa, ali ndi mitundu yosiyana kwambiri, lalanje yowala imapezeka.
Nthawi zambiri, mawonekedwe a bud amapangidwa ngati nyenyezi, m'mphepete amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a terry, pamakhala zam'mera zimazunguliridwa.
Kvamoklit
Maonekedwe osawoneka bwino, poyerekeza ndi ena. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba omwe amagawanika bwino, maluwa otseguka, maluwa ali ndi mawonekedwe a nyenyezi zazing'ono. Nthambi za mbewu imeneyi zimafikira mamita 5 mosavuta.
Mukuwoneka ngati chomera chowoneka bwino. Masamba ake ndi obiriwira, masamba ake ndi ofiira.
Buluu
Mwodziwika bwino, mtunduwu umadziwika kuti m'mawa wabwino. Mtundu wokongola wa maluwa a chomera, buluu wowala, pafupi ndi pakati, akusintha kukhala mtundu wabuluu.
Maluwa amachitika pakati pa chilimwe, chimatha mpaka chizunzo choyamba. Masamba pawokha ndi akulu, m'mimba mwake amathanso kukhala 10 cm. Mtengowo umakula mpaka kutalika kwa mamitala 2. Maonekedwe a thermophilic kwambiri.
Mpendadzuwa
Mtundu wa mmera womwe umakula kwambiri usiku, mbandakucha, masamba ake amakhala pafupi kufikira nthawi yotsatira yamdima. Zomera zimafikira mpaka 3 m.
Duwa limapatsidwa utoto wokongola, woyera, m'mimba mwake mpaka masentimita 10. Maluwa amapezeka pakati pa Julayi, amatenga mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala. Chochititsa chidwi ndi fungo la ma amondi.
Tricolor
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mpesa wazaka zingapo, komabe, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pachaka, chifukwa cha nyengo yamayiko a panganolo. Tsinde limatha kukula mpaka 5 m.
Masamba ndiwokongola, 10 cm mozungulira, opangidwa m'magulu angapo. Masamba ndi opepuka, amtambo mtundu, kumapeto kwake ndi mtundu wofiirira.
Kukula kwam'mawa kwa nthangala
Popeza duwa ili ndi mizu yotentha, kuti kulima ndikofunikira kusankha malo oyenera, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita izi ndi mbande.
Kufesa mbewu
Kubzala mbewu kumachitika kokha kumapeto kwa Marichi, chifukwa cha nyengo m'maiko a CIS. Asanabzike, njerezi ziyenera kuyikidwa m'madzi ofunda kwa maola 24 kuti zithe. Ngati patapita nthawi palibe kusintha komwe kwachitika, ndikofunikira kubowola chipolopolo cha njere, ndikuzigwetsa m'madzi. Pambuyo izi, kale kubzala. Ndikofunikira kufesa 3 m'mphika umodzi, ndikugwetsa mbewuzo mozama osaposa 2 cm.
Dothi limasankhidwa lokhalokha, lotayirira. Pambuyo ponyamuka, ndikofunikira kuthira kutentha firiji. Mukathirira miphika, makapu omwe ali ndi njere adakutidwa ndi filimu.
Kusamalira Mbewu
Kutentha kolimba pomwe mbande zimamera mwachangu ndi + 18 ... +23 ° C.
Zokwanira, kuthirira nthawi zonse kumayenera kuperekedwa;
Maonekedwe a mphukira yoyamba itenga sabata. Tiyenera kuthana ndi vuto lakukonza zida zamaluwa.
Asanalowe dothi lotseguka, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuthilira nthawi zonse, kumasulira dothi lozungulira mbewuzo. Ngati mitambo, nyengo yakuda ikula, mbande zidzafunika kuyatsidwa ndi phytolamp. Udzu ukangotuluka, pafupifupi 5 zidutswa, ndikofunikira kutsina pamwamba pamalowo.
Izi zidzalimbikitsa mapangidwe atsopano. Masiku 7 musanabzalidwe panthaka, muyenera kuyamba kuzolowera mbewu kuti zizikhala mumsewu.
Kubzala mbande panthaka
Chomera ichi ndi thermophilic, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuziika ndikofunikira panthawi yomwe chisanu chadutsa kale, kungokhala osafunikira kwenikweni, chimfine chochepa kwambiri chatsala. Mbali yofunika ndi kutentha kwa dothi, sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa +10 ° C.
Kutengera ndi dera, kukhazikitsa kumachitika kuyambira kumapeto kwa Meyi mpaka kumayambiliro a Juni.
Ubwino wa madera akumwera ndikuti mutha kubzala mbewu nthawi yomweyo panthaka, ndikudutsa mbande. Komabe, mitundu yayikulu-yamaluwa imalimbikitsidwabe kuti idutse pa gawo lino la chitukuko.
Technology kubzala m'mawa ulemu pansi
Ndondomeko yokhayo idzakhala yosavuta. Chomera chokhacho chokhaza chomera ndikulima m'nthaka yonyowa.
Mfundo yofunika pakufikira ndi kusankha malo. Iyenera kuyatsidwa tsiku lonse, ndikufundidwa ndi mphepo. Popeza ikhoza kuthyola nthambi za chomera mosavuta. Ndikofunikira kukhalabe mtunda woyenera pakati pa mphukira, osachepera 20 cm.
Kusamalira ulemerero m'mawa m'munda
Kusamalira sikovuta, kumakhala kuthilira chomera nthawi zonse, kumasula dothi mozungulira, kuchotsa udzu. Kuphatikiza apo, kuvala pamwamba, kudulira, kupewa tizirombo ndi matenda. Komabe, chofunikira kwambiri ndikuthandizira.
Kutengera zovuta zonse, koma kusowa kwa garter, mbewuyo sikangokulira mpaka kukula, itha kufa.
Kuthirira
Ulemerero wam'mawa umafunikira hydrate yokhazikika. Simalola chilala, koma palibe chifukwa chopita kutali kwambiri ndi kuthirira.
Njira yabwino ingakhale kusunga dothi lozungulira chomera nthawi zonse lonyowa. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti malowo ndi onyowa, osasandutsidwa uve.
Ngati kuthirira sikunyalanyazidwa, mbewuyo imasiya kukula, koma maluwa akhoza kuyamba kale. Koma mthunzi wa masamba udzacheperako, wowala.
Maluwa atayamba kuwoneka pa mphukira, muyenera kuchepetsa chinyezi, kulola nthaka kuti iume pakati pamagawo.
Pofuna kuchepetsa kuthirira, nthaka yozungulira mbewuyo imafunikira kuumbika. Njirayi imathandizira kuti ikhalebe chinyezi nthawi yayitali, potero kulowererapo kwaumunthu kudzakhala kofunikira nthawi zambiri.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kuonetsetsa kuti mbewu zikukula kwambiri, maluwa, kuthira feteleza ayenera kuwonjezeranso dothi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, feteleza ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula kwa ntchito.
Ndikofunikira kuopa kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka, izi zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa maluwa. Malinga ndi mapangidwe a masamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa phosphorous, panthawi ya maluwa ambiri, zovuta za feteleza ndi potaziyamu zimawonjezeredwa kwa izo. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza mwa mawonekedwe a granules, kuwaza pansi pa zimayambira, mpaka pansi pa 2 cm, kenako madzi. Komabe, feteleza wa madzi ndiwothandiza kwambiri.
Kuchepetsa
Mitundu ya pachaka imakhala ndi mwayi wakufa pamwamba. Akuwononga. M'madera akumwera, mabodza amasiyidwa m'mundamo, nthawi yozizira, nyumba zawo zonse zapadera zimawapangira. Kudulira kumachitika mu September, gawo la tsinde, kachilombo, masamba osweka amachotsedwa. Kenako Ulemerero wam'mawa umayikidwa mumphika, ndikupita ku greenhouse. Ngati mbewuyo ikhalabe m'mundamo nthawi yachisanu, idakutidwa ndi nthambi zaudzu, izi zimateteza mizu ya mbewu kuti isazizidwe.
Kufalikira kwa ulemerero wam'mawa ndi odulidwa
Ngakhale kusiyanasiyana ndi mbewu ndizothandiza kwambiri, mitundu ina ndi mitundu yaulemerero wam'mawa imafunikira kufalikira pogwiritsa ntchito kudula. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kudula zimayambira, kudula. Mbali yofunikira mu phunziroli ndi kukhalapo kwa ma 2 internode, kutalika kuyenera kukhala osachepera 15 cm. Choyambacho chimapangidwa mopendekeka, masentimita 1.5 pansi pa mfundo. Ngati pali mbale zamtambo m'manja, zimadulidwa, kenako ndikuyika m'madzi. Mwanjira imeneyi, ayenera kukhala osachepera masiku anayi. Panthawi imeneyi, mizu ipezeka. Akayamba kudula, zodulidwa zingabzalidwe m'nthaka. Potseguka, zimatenga pafupifupi sabata kuti muzike mizu. Kubalana mwanjira imeneyi kumachitika mu Epulo-koyambirira kwa chilimwe.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta ulemerero wam'mawa
Monga zokwawa zonse, ulemerero wam'mawa umakhala pachiwopsezo cha zovuta zingapo, ngakhale kuti chitetezo sichitha. Matenda ofala kwambiri ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Izi zimaphatikizapo anthracnose, mitundu yonse ya zowola - tsinde, yakuda, yoyera, ndi muzu. Pali kuthekera kwa ma virus, komwe chiwerengero chachikulu, choposa 20 zidutswa zosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza pa zonsezi, pali chiopsezo cha matenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi physiology, amatchedwa edema yoyera.
Kugonjetsedwa kwa matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi kumayenderera m'nthaka, izi ndi chifukwa chakuthirira kwambiri kwanyengoyi, madzi osayenda m'nthaka.
Kuchiza kumachitika ndikudula madera omwe akhudzidwa, kenako zotsalira zathanzi zathiridwa ndi yankho la fungicidal. Koma sikuti aliyense ali ndi mwayi wochiritsa. Zowola zambiri zimapha chomera. Ma virus nawonso ndi vuto lalikulu kwa wofesa, popeza palibe mankhwala 100% kapena njira iliyonse yolimbana nawo.
Pakawonongeka zowola kapena kachilombo, mbewu zodwala zimangokumbidwa kuchokera panthaka, kenako ndikuwotcha. Oyandikana nawo, mipesa yathanzi iyenera kuthiridwa ndi yankho lapadera.
Ndi matenda akuthupi, ndizosavuta pang'ono, chiopsezo chowonongeka chimakhala m'mazomera osakhala poyera, ndiye kuti. Omwe amayambitsa matendawa ndi mpweya wochepa, kutentha kwambiri, kuthirira kwambiri. Matendawa akuwonekera pamawonekedwe a masamba a zipatso, matuza, amakhala achikasu, zobiriwira nthawi zambiri. Matendawa akamakula, matuza amapeza mtundu wa bulauni. Matendawa akafika kumapeto, masamba amayamba kutuluka, kenako nkugwa. Palibe mankhwala ochiritsira matendawa, chifukwa amachokera mu kuphwanya malamulo aukadaulo waulimi, kunyalanyaza malangizo.
Mr. Chilimwe akudziwitsa: bwanji ulemu wam'mawa sukutulutsa?
Pali zifukwa zambiri zosasunthika pakukula, zonse zimayambitsidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, ngati zonse zili bwino, malinga ndi zovuta zonse, maluwa ayenera kuyamba mu Julayi. Ngati maluwa adayamba kale kuposa nthawi ino, kapena mosinthanitsa kale, izi ndizabwinobwino. Kusochera mu nthawi ndizofanana, mkati mwa masiku 10-15.
Ngati wowumbirayo amawunikira pafupipafupi matenda, ma virus ndi tizirombo, ndipo nthawi yoyambira maluwa imayamba kuchedwa ndi theka la mwezi, muyenera kuyamba kufunafuna omwe amayambitsa mavutowo.
- Choyambirira choyamba cha kusokonekera chingakhale feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwamtunduwu kuti dothi limve bwino bwino pazinthu izi, ngati zili zochulukirapo kapena zochepa kuposa momwe zimakhalira, izi zitha kuyambitsa kuzunzika.
- Chifukwa chachiwiri ndi nkhani yothirira. Pano zinthu zilinso chimodzimodzi. Ndikofunikira kuti nthaka ikhale chinyezi chokwanira, vuto la kusowa kwa madzi, chomera chikuyamba kutha, chifukwa cha ichi chitha kupha. Kuchokera chinyezi chambiri, matenda oyamba ndi fungus amatha kupanga, omwe ungayambitse kudula kwa mbewu zambiri, ndipo iwo omwe obzalidwa pafupi nawonso atha kudwala.
- Chifukwa chachitatu ndikulephera kutsatira malamulo abzala ulemu wam'mawa pamalo otseguka. Ngati mbewuyo idabzalidwa mochedwa kuposa nthawi yomwe ikufunika, ndiye kuti mbewuyo imakula ndikuthamangitsa maluwa ikhoza kuchepetsedwa, ndikuyamba kwa chisanu sikutha konse. Zomwe zimayambitsa kuwononga nthawi, chifukwa chomera chimatha kufa osaphuka.
Zifukwa zonsezi sizotsutsana, pazizindikiro zoyambirira za kusayenda bwino, muyenera kudziwa pomwe zili. Pambuyo pake, zinthu zimakonzedwa mosavuta. Pankhani ya kuchuluka kapena kusowa kwa nayitrogeni, zizindikiro zamitundu yonse zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'misika yamaluwa yapadera zimathandiza. Vutolo mopitirira muyeso, kusowa chinyezi kumangowongoleredwa mosavuta. Kutengera ndi gawo la kukula, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana chinyezi cha nthaka, kusiya pamwamba pake nthawi zonse kumakhala konyowa.
Ngati mubzala mochedwa m'nthaka, osachita chilichonse ndikosafunikira. Komanso, gwiritsani kuvala kwamtundu uliwonse wapamwamba, ndikuti kumathandizira kukula. Izi zikuwonjezera vuto lina. Mukungoyenera kupatula nthawi yochulukirapo Ipomoea, ngati mulibe nthawi yoti muchimere chisanu chisanachitike, ndikuchiyika mumphika wina, ndikuyika malo obiriwira. Izi zimalola kumaliza kukula bwino munthawi yake, ngakhale itakhala kale pakati pokulira mumsewu.
