Kukula kwakunja kwa rhododendron

Mawu akuti Rhododendron amamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki ngati rosewood. Adalandira dzina ili chifukwa cha maluwa ake ofanana ndi duwa.

Kufotokozera kwa Rhododendron

Rhododendron ndi wa banja la a heather, omwe amaphatikiza nthawi zonse omwe amapinda masamba kapena masamba pang'ono nthawi zina pachaka, zitsamba ndi mitengo. Odziwika kwambiri komanso odziwika bwino ndi azaleas omwe amakulira m'nyumba, m'malo obiriwira komanso malo obiriwira.

Imakula m'malo otentha komanso kotentha kwa Northern Hemisphere, ngakhale imapezekanso Kumwera. Ku Russia, mitundu 18 imadziwika yomwe imapezeka ku Caucasus, Siberia ndi Far East. Amamera payekhapayekha kapena m'magulu opanga m'nkhalango, m'mapiri kapena pansi pa mitengo m'nkhalango, m'm marshland kapena tundra. Malowa ayenera kuti azikhala omasuka komanso onyowa, koma madzi m'nthaka samayenda. Mphepo ndi yonyowa.

Mitundu ya rhododendron imasiyanasiyana kutalika (10-30 cm mpaka 30 m) ndi kukula kwamaluwa (angapo mm ndi oposa 20 cm). Masamba osavuta komanso ovuta okhala ndi konsekonse. Maluwa okongola ndi whisk wamitundu yosiyanasiyana: ndimu, pinki kapena utoto-violet. Amakhala ophatikizana ndi ma inflorescence osavuta komanso ovuta, ndipo ndi osowa kwambiri okha. Chipatsocho chikuyimiriridwa ndi bokosi la magawo asanu, ndikutsegulira pansi. Mbewuyo ikufanana ndi ndodo ya 0,5-2 mm. Mizu yaying'ono yambiri ili pamwamba. Kukula pang'onopang'ono ndi khalidwe. Itha kufalikira m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Rhododendron ndi chomera chakupha chomwe chili ndi andromedotoxin. Izi zimayamba kukhala ndizosangalatsa, kenako zimakhumudwitsa, zimatsogolera kuimfa. Makungwa ndi masamba ali ndi ma tannins.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya rhododendron

Mitundu ya Shrub imakonda kubzala m'minda.

Kutambalala kwa Rhododendron

Kuti Rhododendron imere pamalowo, ndikofunikira kuti asankhe malo abwino, akukonza dothi ndikuchita bwino kubzala ndi kusamalira. Mitundu yonyentemera imafunikira kuwala kambiri, ndipo masamba obiriwira nthawi zonse amafunika mthunzi. Zonse zimafunikira chivundikiro kuchokera kumphepo, ndipo nthawi yozizira chifukwa cha chisanu, ndibwino kuwabzala pafupi ndi nyumba, mipanda kapena mbewu zazitali. Mitengo yomwe ili ndi kapangidwe kameneka ka mizu: birch, spruce, maple ndi ena sioyenera kukhala oyandikana nawo. Amatha kumera pafupi ndi mitengo ya thundu, paini ndi zipatso: mitengo ya maapulo, mapeyala, yamatcheri.

Rhododendrons amakonda dothi lotayirira, lamadzimadzi (4.5-5,5 pH), lomwe limapereka mwayi wofikira mpweya ndi madzi (silifupika). Sandstone ndi loam zimapangidwira ndikuwonjezera peat, kompositi, singano za paini, makungwa.

Mabasi amawokedwa pazaka zapakati pa 2-3 kuti akhale recess 30x30 cm, okalamba - pa 60x40. Pansi ikani ngalande kuchokera ku njerwa zosweka kapena miyala yayikulu, pamwamba - osakaniza wapansi wapadziko lapansi, peat, singano zosokonekera, mchenga, kompositi (humus) ndikunyowa bwino kuti zithe. Mizu ya mbewuyi imayikidwa m'madzi ndikusungidwa mmalo mwake mpaka mawonekedwe a mpweya utatha. Kuzama kwake ndi 3-4 masentimita pamwamba pamizu. Mutabzala, nthaka imasungunuka ndikuwumbika ndi mawonekedwe a peat, mchenga ndi makungwa a pine osankhidwa.

Kusamalira Rhododendron

Samalirani mbewuyo, kutsatira malamulo:

• Madzi pamaziko a nyengo ndi kuyanika dothi. Kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko, kupukuta okwanira ndi madzi ofewa kumafunika: chilimwe - zidebe 1-1,5 pachomera chokhwima kanayi pamwezi, kutentha - pafupipafupi. Pakakhala kozizira, nthawi zambiri - masabata 1.5 aliwonse. Thirani madzi acidified (10-15 g wa oxalic kapena citric acid pa 10 l).
• Amadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa mchere. Chapakatikati kukonzanso chomera ndi chiyambi cha maluwa. M'chilimwe, imathandizira kukula kwa mphukira ndi kuyala masamba a chaka chamawa. Mukugwa (popanda nitrogen) - kukonzekera nthawi yozizira.
• Dulani mchaka, kuchotsa mphukira zowuma komanso zodwala. Mutha kufupikitsa nthambi zomwe zimaphwanya mawonekedwe a chitsamba. Maluwa owuma adulidwapo, apo ayi mbewuyo imawoneka yosasangalatsa. Ndikofunikira kuwongolera magulu pa kukula kwa nthambi zatsopano ndi maluwa.
• Kugulitsa pa msinkhu uliwonse. Ndi bwino nthawi yoyambira isanayambe - kasupe, kenako - pambuyo maluwa kapena kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, kuti mukhale ndi nthawi yolimba musanayambe nyengo yachisanu.
• Zomera zolimba yozizira, koma nthawi yozizira ndi bwino kuphimba.

Kuswana

Pali njira zingapo zoberekera: ndi mbewu, kugawa chitsamba, kudula ndi kudula.

Mbewu zofesedwa mosavomerezeka m'mbale zodzazidwa ndi msuzi wonyowa wa peat (heather) dothi ndi mchenga pazikhala 3: 1. Pazinthu zobiriwira, vindikirani ndi galasi kapena cellophane ndikuyiyatsira. Tsiku ndi tsiku zimitsani, kuthirira ndikuchotsa condensate. Kuwombera kuwonekera masiku 30. Wowetsani mbande mu chidebe china pambuyo pa mawonekedwe awiri masamba (scheme 2x3 cm). M'munda - kwa zaka 2, ndipo zisanachitike izi adakula msipu. Maluwa adzawonekera pazaka 6-8.

Kuchokera mbali ya tsinde (5-8 cm) ndi mitengo yosapsa ndi masamba, phesi limakonzedwa. Masamba apansi amang'ambika ndikutsitsidwa mu njira yotsitsimutsa kwa theka la tsiku. Kenako amadzikhomera pansi (peat ndi mchenga 3: 1), kuchokera pamwambapa - mtsuko kapena phukusi kuti mizu imere (miyezi 1.5-4), pambuyo pake muyenera chidebe ndi dothi (peat ndi singano ya pine 2: 1). M'nyengo yozizira, amayikidwa m'chipinda chokhala ndi + 8 ... +12 ° С ndikuzaza ndi kuwala. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe amasamukira kumunda, kumalo omaliza - atatha zaka ziwiri.

Ndiosavuta kufalitsa poyala: nthambi yosinthika imakhazikika mu poyambira (masentimita 15), yokonzedwa ndi waya ndikakutidwa ndi dothi. Pamwamba pamangidwa pamtengo. Chisamaliro chazonse. Mu nthawi yophukira kapena yophukira, mutha kudzipatula ku chomera chachikulu ndi kumuika.

Gawani chitsamba muchigawo chomwe chadzalidwa mosiyana. Chaka chimodzi, nthambi zazing'ono zidzaoneka, ndipo maluwa adzayamba.

Kukonzekera yozizira

Ngati mvula ilibe kugwa, ndiye kuti Rhododendron iyenera kuthiridwanso madzi. Mu nyengo yamvula izi sizofunikira. Lisanachitike Disembala, ndikofunikira kukonzekera mbewuyo nthawi yozizira: kuphimba mizu ndi peat wosanjikiza, m'malo ozizira ozizira - kuwonjezera apo gwiritsani ntchito burlap ndikumangirira ndi chingwe, mutha kupanga chimango chokhala ndi zofunda. Chachotsedwa pambuyo pa chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa, patsiku ladzuwa.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Rhododendron imatha kugwidwa ndi tizirombo tina komanso matenda angapo.

Kuphatikiza pa tizirombo, ma rhododendrons amatenga matenda ena.

Mulingo uliwonse wamatendawa umafuna kukhazikitsidwa kwa zoyambitsa ndi kuthetseratu.

Ubwino ndi kuvulaza kwa Rhododendron

Rhododendron imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa mawebusayiti, koma ili ndi machitidwe abwino omwe apezeka kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi zonse ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe. Kupezeka kwa vitamini C, andromedotoxin, ericoline, arbutin ndi rhododendrin kunatsimikiza kugwiritsa ntchito:

• thandizirani kuchepetsa malungo, kupweteka;
• adzakhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu ndi bactericidal zotsatira;
• kuthetsa kutupira;
• chotsani madzi owonjezera mthupi;
• chepetsa kupsinjika.

Kulera, kudyetsa mwana, matenda a impso ndi minofu necrosis.

Ndikofunika kuchita chithandizo mukamakambirana ndi dokotala. Izi zimateteza ku zotsatira zosapemphedwa kapena kufa, zomwe zimatheka chifukwa mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi poizoni.

Mr. Chilimwe wokhala kumudzi kwawo amadziwitsa: momwe angaulitsire rhododendron mumsewu wapakati

Ambiri mwa olima maluwa m'chigawo chapakati cha Europe ku Russia (dera la Moscow, dera la Leningrad) akufuna kukulitsa rhododendron. Izi ndizotheka ngati musankha malingaliro oyenera. Mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu ndi mitundu yabwino kwambiri:

• Mitundu Yovomerezeka: Chijapani, chikasu, Schlippenbach, Canada, Kamchatka.
• Semi-evergreen Ledebour.
• Ketevbinsky wobiriwira nthawi zonse ndi mawonekedwe ake osakanizidwa, okhala ndi zipatso zazifupi, golide, Smirnova.
• Mitundu yolimba kwambiri yozizira: Elvira, The Haye, Mikkeli.
• Zophatikiza ndi Mauni A Pinki, Kuwala Kwaziphuphu, Kuwala Kumpoto kwa Rosie ndi ena.

Mukasankha zosiyanasiyana, kubzala kumachitika molingana ndi malamulo:

• malowa ali 50 cm kuchokera kuzomera zina;
• nthaka yapadera yothira feteleza wama mchere;
• kukula kwa dzenje kupitilira muzuwo maulendo awiri;
• ngalande wosanjikiza 15 cm;
• thunthu silimatsitsidwa mu nthaka pansipa 4-5 cm;
• hydration mutabzala.

Chisamaliro chili ndi zina:

• dothi mulibe zinthu alkalizing nthaka;
• Mulching ndiyofunika;
• kuteteza kwa dzuwa (mauna, gauze, nsalu);
• kuthirira koyenera;
• kukula sikovomerezeka ngati kuli kotentha komanso chinyezi mu nthawi yophukira (kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi yankho la 1% ya potaziyamu sulfate kapena potaziyamu phosphorous;
• malo ogonera nthawi yozizira - njira yazowoneka ngati kanyumba, wokutidwa ndi zida zopanda nsalu.

Wofesayo akakwaniritsa zonsezi, ndiye kuti Rhododendron imakula pamalowo ndikusangalala ndi maluwa ake.